巻号一覧
44 巻 (1999)
- 6 号 p. 483-
- 5 号 p. 395-
- 4 号 p. 325-
- 3 号 p. 227-
- 2 号 p. 67-
- 1 号 p. 1-
44 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. Cover5-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. Cover6-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. App3-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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森下 はるみ原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 67-76
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーThe first part of this paper summaarizes the various studies conducted on the motor development of infants, and the remaining sectionss covers our studies on the development of locomotive behavior as larval adaptation in early childhood from aspects of motor ability, attachment and locomotive spatial schemes derived from locomotive tracks. The subjects, 10-41 months old, entered a playroom (11×13 m) with their mother, and video recording was done while the position coodinates (X. Y) were detected through a supersonic transmitter carried on the child'back. Each child was observed for about 30 min, one to three times a day. In the first 30 min (first session) the mother sat in a corner of the room and child was left to play freely. In the second and third sessions, the conditions were changed, such as having other persons in the room. Based on the locomotive range, velocity, distance and speed, motor development could be divided into three stages: I, quadrupedal to bipedal transition (10-17 mo), II, bipedal development (17-29 mo), and III, bipedal maturity (29-41 mo). Stage I was characterized by attachment behavior such as staying for long periods in the vicinity of the mother (First Base) and The locomotive distance from FB was within 5 meters. Stage II showed increased motor ability with age. The locomotive pattern was predominantly running mostly to and from the mother (FB) and a toy box (SB), then another toy box (TB) or virious fixtures (FoB) and the mother functions as a resting place, being a landmark of locomotion rather than a subject of attachment. In Stage III, more frequent approaches were made to strangers or the furthest toy box, and the period of staying and playing there was extended with less loconxotion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1386K) -
日下 裕弘原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 77-89
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーAn attenpt was made to examine the "mind and body" transformation mechanism in elderly peopie using an "Onsen" bath, based on Yuasa's theory of mind and body. First, investigations into the actual conditions of elderly people in an Onsen were conducted, using various methods such as participant observations, records of conversations, interviews, questionnaires, and analyses of notes and life-history. Second, the theoretical significance of our findings was considered in relation to Yuasa's theory of three circuit systems. As a result, the following points were clarified: 1) Welfare (health/spa) centers for elderly people, bath houses and travel to Onsens satisfy the needs for health, involvement with friends, and fun of elderly people. The mind and body of elderly people using these Onsens relate mainly to Yuasa's first mind and body (information) system, that is the "external world sense-activity circuit system". 2) The "Onsen habit" of elderly people who live in Onsen areas is deeply internalized as a subconscious level, and use of the Onsen plays an important role in their daily living activities and in life itself. This attitude of mind and body is related mainly to the second information circuit system, i.e. "somesthesis" and "coenesthesis". 3) The sympathetic conformity with Onsen use, and the nature valued by "Toji" (hot spring cure) elderly people are related mainly to the deepest level of mind and body, i.e. the third information circuit system of the "emotion-instinct". This attitude enhances the function of the autonomic nervous system and stimulates their natural healing power through the system. 4) There is an individualistic value related directly to the mind and body of elderly people in the sensation of nature around an Onsen, i.e. the value of "life" or "longevity". This is the most important basic factor for the "raison de vinre" of elderly persons, and the source of that feeling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1689K) -
細田 朋美, 杉原 隆原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 90-99
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリー本研究の目的は, 体育の授業における特性としての目標志向性と有能さの認知が動機づけに及ぼず影響についてDweckのモデルを検証することであった. 特性としての目標志向性には, 課題志向性と自我志向性がある. 対象は, 中学生958人であり, 特性としての目標志向性, 有能さの認知と行動の強度・持続性, 内発的動機づけという尺度を用いて評価した動機づげの調査を実施した. 課題志向性得点, 自我志向性得点を基準に対象を4つのグループに分け, 課題志向性のみが中央値以上を示したものを「課題志向性」,自我志向性のみが中央値以上を示したものを「自我志向性」とした. 各動機づけ尺度に関して2(特性としての目標志向性)×2(有能さの認知)×2(性)の3要因の分散分析を行った. 主要な結果は, 次の通りである. 1) 行動の強度・持続性においては, 課題志向性は, 自我志向性よりも, 有能さの認知の高い 生徒は低い生徒よりも, 男子は女子よりも行動の強度・持続性が高いことか認められた. しかし, 特性としての目標志向性×有能さの認知の交互作用は有意ではなかった. 2) 内発的動機づげにおいては, 課題志向性は, 自我志向性よりも, 有能さの認知の高い生徒は低い生徒よりも, 男子は女子よりも内発的動機づけが高いことが認められた. そして, 特性としての目標志向性×有能さの認知の交互作用は有意であった. この交互作用は, 課題志向性を持つ生徒よりも自我志向性を持つ生徒の方が有能さの認知の影響が大きいということを示していた. すなわち, 自我志向性を持ち, 有能さの認知の低い生徒は, より内発的動機づげが低いということを示していた. したがって, この結果は, Dweckのモデルを支持するものではなかった.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1330K) -
渋谷 賢, 伊藤 政展原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 100-111
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーRecent studies have shown that when different motor tasks are practiced in the same practice session, high contextual interference (random practice) can lead to more effective learning than low contextual interference (blocked practice), as measured by a retention test. In these studies, however, augmented feedback was given after each trial. There is some evidence showing that summary feedback can enhance motor learning. Thus, the benefits of contextual interference may be dependent on summary feedback. The purpose of the present study was to examine the interaction of contextual interferenee and summary feedback in motor learning. Seventy-two subjects learned three movement patterns that had different relative timing (requiring different generalized motor programs) and different absolute timing (requiring different paramctters) in either blocked or random order. There were three summary feedback conditions: feedback after every trial (SUM 1); summary feedback after each block of 3 trials (SUM 3); summary feedback after each block of 5 trials (SUM 5). Retention was measured after a 10-min and one-clay delay under blocked and random sequences of presentation. Analysis of acquisition performance showed that all groups improved with practice, with a tendency for the random practice groups to produce less effective performance than the blocked practice groups. Analysis of retention performance, however, revealed a strong advantage for the random practice group under the SUM 3 condition compared with any of the other groups. These findings suggest that random practice can lead to more effective learning when augmented feedback is summarized than when augmented feedback is given after every trial, but that there is an optiumum number of trials to be summarized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1420K) -
出村 慎一, 松沢 甚三郎, 野田 洋平, 南 雅樹, 郷司 文男, 佐藤 進, 小林 秀紹, 西嶋 尚彦原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 112-127
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーAn investigation was conducted to determine the characteristics of 133 activities of daily living (ADLs) in 1308 elderly people aged 60-88 years, focusing on difficulty of ADL achievement, changes with age, and sex differences. The major findings were as follows: 1) High-difficulty activities included loconaotion, stability, and posture-change systems that belonged mainly to domains II (activities related tcc daily life) and III (creative activities). The achievement of these ADLs was considerably burdensome because they demand physical exertion such as static strength and muscular endurance of the upper limbs and trunk, balance, and flexibility. On the other hand, low-difficulty activities included locomotion and manipulation systems that belonged to domains I (fundamental life activities) and II, which had been performed almost every day and habitually since childhood. 2) Achievement rates for high-difficulty activities, including locomotion, stability, and posture-change systems of domains II and III, were higher in males than in females. Sex differences in physicat fitness were reflected in these achievements. Experience and habit of some ADLs in adolescence and adulthood might have influenced their achievement, and judgment of achievement possibility. Sex differences were not observed in the achievement of everyday and habitual ADLs, which did not require severe physical exertion. 3) The achievement of most activities including locomotion, stability, manipulation, and posture-change systems decreased with age irn both sexes. High-difficulty activities of locomotion and on program and manipulation systems showed a greater decrease with age, suggesting that a decrease in muscular strength and balance is related to These achievements. Some activities demonstrated a marked decrease in achievement from 75 years of age or a decrease at each age-level. Activities that differed with regard to decrease of achievement in both sexes were divided into two groups: those with high difficulty in the locomotion system and those with low difficulty in the manipulation system of the upper limbs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2327K) -
加賀 秀雄原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 128-132
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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Alex F. Roche原稿種別: Article
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 133-151
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーA major focus of the University of Melbourne Child Growth Study and the Fels Longitudinal Study was on the growth and maturation of children. These studies differed in planning, design, logistics and staffing, but each led to exciting analytic opportunities that required longitudinal data. In both studies, there were few publications in the early years, the retention of participants was a major concern, and a balance had to be maintained among the efforts given to the collection, management, and analysis of data. More such studies are needed that focus on particular population groups and topic areas. These news studies should utilize lessons from the past to maximize future success.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2095K) -
廣橋 義敬原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 152-157
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 159-223
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 224-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (53K) -
原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 225-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (229K) -
原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. Cover7-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (37K) -
原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 44 巻 2 号 p. Cover8-
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2017/09/27
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (37K)
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