-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
Cover9-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
Cover10-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App13-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App14-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App15-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App16-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Makoto Chogahara
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
245-268
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The objectives of the present paper were to consolidate current research findings on the physical activities of middle-aged and older adults in an attempt to establish scientific objectives and practical tasks that may assist in the future promotion of these physical activities. Previous research is classified into the following categories : 1) Benefit studies, which explore, both individually and socially, the beneficial effects of participation in physical activities by middle-aged and older adults ; 2) Determinant studies, which explore the individual and social factors that influence participation in physical activity among middle-aged and older adults ; and 3) Project studies, which explore the programs and interventions that effectively facilitate the participation of the middle-aged and older adults in physical activities. Numerous benefit and determinant studies have accumulated useful scientific findings for the promotion of physical activities, while project studies have primarily focused on the evaluation of large-scale promotions, which employed mass media campaigns and counseling strategies at both state and local government levels. The findings of previous benefit and determinant studies should be considered in the design of future project studies in order to promote greater participation of this population in physical activity. Furthermore, scientific information must be provided for promotional activities at the local government level in Japan.
View full abstract
-
Tomohiro Okura, Ryosuke Shigematsu, Yoshio Nakata, Tomoaki Sakai, Dong ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
269-279
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A study was conducted to investigate the influences of diet using supplemental foods and aerobic exercise on segmental body composition, body fat distribution and physical fitness in middle-aged women with intra-abdominal fat (IF) obesity. Twenty-five women were randomly divided into two treatment groups ; a group with a low-energy diet (D) and a group with D combined with exercise (DE). To ensure proper daily nutrition, the subjects were instructed to take every day a well-balanced supplemental food developed for very low-energy diets (170 kcal per pack). In addition to restricting energy intake, subjects from the DE group performed a bench-stepping exercise 3 days/wk for 75 min per session under in-hospital supervision. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and fat- and bone-free mass (FBFM) were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The intra-abdominal fat area (IFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured at the level of the umbilicus using computed tomography. Grip and leg extension strength, and maximal oxygen uptake were measured for evaluation of physical fitness. All assays and measurements were carried out before and after a 14-week intervention period. Weight and FM were significantly reduced in both the D (-7.7 kg and -5.8 kg, respectively) and DE (-8.9 kg and -7.3 kg, respectively) groups. All segmental FBFMs were significantly reduced in the D group, whereas FBFMs in the upper and lower limbs of the DE group remained unchanged. IFA and SFA were significantly reduced in both the D (-35 cm^2 and -48 cm^2) and DE (-32 cm^2 and -51 cm^2) groups. In the D group, changes in SFA were significantly and inversely correlated (r=-0.68) with initial values of IFA, but changes in IFA were not. Grip strength (+17%) and maximal oxygen uptake (+28%) were significantly increased in the DE group. No significant de-creases were found between any physical fitness variables in the D group. These results suggest that (1) the DE treatment possibly diminished the reduction in the FBFMs in the upper and lower limbs, and that (2) less SFA was reduced in the D group with much more IFA at the baseline. Moreover, the D treatment did not induce decreases in physical fitness in response to the weight loss.
View full abstract
-
Yoshihiko Fukugasako, SUROTO SUROTO, Satoshi Komatsuzaki, Kohei Yonemu ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
281-297
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A study was conducted to examine the significance of "momentum" in physical education classes. The term "momentum" means the percentage of learning engagement in the motor learning episodes of physical education classes. A new instrument was developed to assist with the observation of momentum. In order to examine the significance of momentum in physical education classes, the relationship between learning engagement and students' formative evaluation of physical education classes was analyzed. Sixty physical education classes in 16 elementary schools were investigated, and the main results were as follows : 1) The total time of PE content and motor learning episodes showed significant positive correlations with formative evaluation scores. In contrast, the total time of management episodes had significant negative correlations with formative evaluation scores. 2) The percentage of learning engagement, especially motor learning engagement, showed significant positive correlations with formative evaluation scores. Conversely, the percentage of nonlearning engagement, especially off-task behavior, had significant negative correlations with formative evaluation scores. 3) These results suggest that momentum in physical education classes is positively related to students' evaluation. Thus, it is reconfirmed that momentum is one of the most important factors for producing effective physical education classes. 4) It was also confirmed that the observation instrument used in this study is effective for evaluating momentum in physical education classes.
View full abstract
-
Yoichi Hayashi, Tomohiro Okura, Masaki Nakagaichi, Kiyoji Tanaka
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
299-312
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Basing exercise prescriptions on self-selected exercise intensity (SS exercise intensity) has become increasingly popular among exercise professionals. However, because individuals tend to select a low intensity at which to exercise, it is unknown whether exercising at a self-selected intensity provides sufficient health benefits for most of the population. It may be more efficacious to prescribe predetermined loads in combination with SS exercise intensity. To evaluate this premise, this study compared the level of SS exercise intensity following brief sessions of moderate- or high-intensity exercise. Three exercise trials of 20 min were compared in 8 healthy men, aged 24.6±1.8 years. During the first trial (baseline), the subjects performed 20 min of cycling at a SS exercise intensity. The other two trials consisted of 5 min fixed-load cycling at 50% (moderate intensity) or 70% (high intensity) of maximal oxygen uptake (SSFL_<50%> and SSFL_<70%>) followed by 15 min cycling at a SS exercise intensity. The SS exercise intensity (Watts) was higher immediately after both moderate and/or high fixed load exercise bouts compared to the baseline SS trial. However, the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during SSFL_<50%> were similar to the responses during the baseline SS trial. These data suggest that exercising at a moderate and/or high fixed load prior to exercising at a SS exercise intensity will increase the intensity of exercise. Therefore, it is recommended that prescriptions for aerobic exercise include a combination of fixed load and SS exercise intensity.
View full abstract
-
Kenji Tauchi, Sungjin Yoon, Kaoru Takamatsu
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
313-325
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this study was to investigate power output characteristics of the upper and lower limbs in individuals during stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) movement focusing on a comparison between throwers and jumpers. Five throwers, five jumpers and five active males performed purely concentric (PC) and SSC movement for both the upper limbs (concentric throw : CT and rebound throw : RT) and the lower limbs (squat jump : SJ and rebound jump : RJ). The upper and lower limb powers were assessed using Throw-index and Jump-index designed by the author, respectively. Prestretch augmentation (Augmentation) was defined as the ratio of the index of SSC movement to the index of PC movement in each upper and lower limb movement. Shoulder and ankle joint stiffness were calculated as joint work divided by angular displacement during the eccentric phase of SSC movement (Arampatzis et al., 1999). The results were as follows : 1) Throw-index and Jump-index of SSC movement were significant higher than those of PC movements. When analyzing the subjects as one group (n=15), there were no significant correlations between Throw-index and Jump-index (in PC : r=0.175, ns ; in SSC : r=0.l95, ns). 2) Throwers tended to have comparatively predominant upper limb power and jumpers comparatively predominant lower limb power in SSC movement. Moreover, when throwers (n=5) and jumpers (n=5) were analyzed as separate groups, there were high correlations between Throw-index and Jump-index in both the jumper and the thrower groups in SSC movement (Throwers : r=0.838 ; p<0.10, Jumpers : r=0.932 ; p<0.05). 3) There was a negative correlation between shoulder joint stiffness and Throw-index (r=-0.468, p<0.10). In contrast, there was a positive correlation between ankle joint stiffness and Jump-index (r=0.673, p<0.01). 4) Jumpers showed both higher shoulder and ankle joint stiffness than throwers. These results indicate that throwers and jumpers respectively obtained specific upper and lower power output characteristics through years of specific training.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
327-328
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
329-333
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
334-339
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
340-341
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Bibliography
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
342-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
343-344
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
345-346
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
347-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
348-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
349-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
350-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
351-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App17-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App18-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App19-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
App20-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
Cover11-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
Cover12-
Published: May 10, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
