Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages Cover5-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages Cover6-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App8-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App9-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App10-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App11-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Tetsuya Matsuo
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 119-134
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    A study was conducted to elucidate the views of coaches on sports and their presentation of the actual situation, focusing on private sports clubs for children and adolescents constituting the basic actual situations for training athletes, and to elucidate points such as the strategy for reproduction from the viewpoints of education, presentation, and human relation strategies. We also examined the structure of the actual situation and the dynamism of habit formation. The study subjects were 273 full-time contract staff members, full-time staff members, and private free-lance sports club coaches (soccer 83, swimming 111, and gymnastics 79). Survey results for private sports club players obtained previously by the author (2001) were referred to when necessary for comparative analysis. The main results were as follows : 1) With regard to views on sports and presentation in actual situations, a similarity was observed between coaches and players. However, it was found that the players sometimes had a more limited, stronger consciousness and presentation. The dynamism of double transmission was suggested from the similarity and heterogeneity between them. 2) In human relations strategy, there was a tendency for taking the partnership between coaches and parents for granted ; coaches put the players' parents in the position of important partners and the players strongly tended to accept their parents' support as a matter of course. 3) With regard to education strategy, it was suggested that coaches carefully avoided a philosophy of putting supreme virtue in winning by use of a variety of values according to the situations, whereas the players highly valued this philosophy, understanding the true intention of the coaches and making it their habit. 4) With regard to symbolic strategy, school clubs were placed in a relative position and supported by stressing the novelty, specialization, rationalism, and fashionable image of private sporting clubs.
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  • Takumi Tanabe, Seiji Maeda, Jun Sugawara, Takeshi Otsuki, Tetsuji Kaki ...
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 135-146
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    The distensibility of the arterial wall progressively decreases with age, and the aging of the arterial wall may be responsible for the decrease of central arterial compliance and the consequent rise of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the elderly. We hypothesized that an increase in daily physical activity (DPA) might have a favorable effect on systemic arterial compliance (SAC : an index of central arterial compliance) and lower SBP in the elderly. We therefore investigated relationships among DPA, SAC and SBP cross-sectionally in 92 middle-aged and elderly individuals (30 males, 62 fe- males ; aged 64 ± 8 years, mean ± SD). DPA was estimated by using an accelerometer as expended calories. SAC was calculated from the finger pulse pressure waveform recorded by using a Portapres and the stroke volume obtained from the same pressure waveform based on the volume-clamp method. Preliminarily in 37 subjects (17 male, 20 females ; aged 25-97 years), we confirmed a significant negative correlation between the simultaneously measured SAC and aortic pulse wave velocity (r=-0.68, p<0.0001). Correlation analysis and path analysis applied to the hypothetical model demonstrated that SBP was directly affected by both DPA and the SAC which decreased with age, and that DPA had an increasing effect on SAC, i. e. DPA might have a suppressive effect on the rise of SBP not only directly but also indirectly through SAC. These results suggest that an increased level of daily physical activity could improve the age-dependent decrease of central arterial compliance and the rise of systolic blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly humans.
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  • Fumio Takizawa
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 147-158
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    This paper is a reconsideration of the view of "mind-body oneness", which has been the major foundation of physical education, in order to specify the best approach for children in learning about the human body. This considers the view of daily experience using a phenomenological approach based on Husserl's philosophy. First, the term "mind-body oneness" is examined, as presented in the newly revised government guidelines for teaching. Then, there is a consideration of the phenomenological viewpoint of how the relationship between mind and body develops unconsciously in daily life. Furthermore, what actually constitutes a phenomenological viewpoint with regard to the human body is considered. Finally, the necessity for children to learn about the human body is discussed. It is concluded that every individual unconsciously chooses a specific mind-body relationship that fits their life situation. In other words, the relationship of individuality, the mind, and the body changes according to the situation. Therefore "individuality" is difficult to grasp as a living entity through mind-body oneness. However, the present condition is not desirable because most people are unaware of the importance of human body function, which defines individuality and the world of the individual. This function forms the basis of human existence, and everyone needs to be aware of this, as this will create an ideal body-mind oneness. What constitutes the concept of the body for an individual? How does the body produce behavior and sustain bodily cultures? And how should education about the human body be conducted and evaluated? Although the function of the human body is not clear to children, they need to learn and and develop a grasp of it. In other words, teachers must provide children with a desirable view of the body, not as theory but as experience through practice in physical education.
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  • Yasuhiro Suzuki, Mikako Sato, Fumiki Morimatsu, Kaoru Takamatsu
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 159-169
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    The histidine-containing dipeptide carnosine (p-alanyl-L-histidine) exists widely in the skeletal muscle of vertebrates. The biological role of carnosine has not been well established, but it is believed to act as a cytosolic buffering agent. We prepared an extract of chicken breast meat that is an abundant source of carnosine and its related dipeptide anserine (β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of extract (CBEX^<TM>) supplementation on high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Eight male subjects performed two experimental trials (CBEX and placebo treatment). Each trial consisted of two intermittent cycle ergometer sprints separated by a 20-min recovery period. Intermittent exercise consisted often 5-s maximal sprints with 25-s of recovery between each sprint. The subjects were given 190 g of experimental soup containing either 40 g of CBEX or no CBEX 30 min before each trial. Anserine and its related amino acid in plasma were detectable 30 min after CBEX supplementation. However, plasma carnosine was not detectable. In the CBEX group, the subjects exhibited high power during the latter half of intermittent exercise compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that pre-exercise CBEX supplementation improves intermittent exercise performance, possibility by restraining the decrease of intracellular pH and thereby delaying the onset of fatigue.
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  • Kichiji Kimura
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 171-181
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the systems of physical education practiced in the early period after the establishment of the University of Tokyo. The results may be summarized as follows : 1) In 1877, the School of Medicine at the University of Tokyo planned to install gymnastic apparatuses at Hongo Campus to be shared with the Sangakubu (Three Schools of Law, Science and Literature). 2) In October of 1877 the Ministry of Education asked the Sangakubu and Medical School to give their views about the proposed invitation of a foreign teacher to give gymnastics instruction at some governmental schools. While the Medical School recognized gymnastics as a required subject, the Sanngakubu considered that students would become unduly exhausted if rigid gymnastics practice were a required subject, and that this would disturb their study. 3) The centralization of research and instruction in physical education under the Taiso-denshujyo (Normal School of Gymnastics) was intended to suspend the function of the University in order to develop physical education. 4) At first, only dormitory students went to the Taiso-denshujyo to take gym classes, but later, commuting students also did so. Gym classes for the Medical School at Hongo were started only later. 5) In March 1881, the Ministry of Education asked the University to make gymnastics a required subject, and the University replied that they would prefer it to be elective, and mainly for dormitory students. In December 1883, the Ministry again made the same request, and this time the University was obliged to agree, and military drill was adopted. 6) In 1878, the University instituted an annual summer swimming program in the Sumida River under an instructor. Kenjutsu (traditional fencing) instructors were also employed. It may be concluded that in these measures the University intended to train students in traditional martial arts as well as gymnastics and western sports.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 182-186
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 188-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 189-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 190-191
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 191-192
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 193-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 194-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 195-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App12-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App13-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App14-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages App15-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages Cover7-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages Cover8-
    Published: March 10, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    Download PDF (246K)
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