体育学研究

原著論文

遊泳プール水における細菌叢の研究

清原伸彦, 小早川ゆり, Lyman H., 長舩哲齊

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 1-9
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.1

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本研究は, 適切な水質管理がなされ健常者が常用している室内外の教育施設遊泳用プール水の細菌叢に着目し, N体育大学の年間におけるプール水の実態を調査したものである. プール水から年間を通じて, 高頻度に分離された細菌はグラム陽性桿菌Bacillus 属, グラム陽性球菌Staphylococcus 属であった. 上記の2属に属するすべての細菌は本質的には, 非病原性であるとみなされた. 屋外および屋内遊泳用プールから検出されたその他の細菌群について, その性状を概観すると, 遊泳用プールから検出されても病原性には問題のない細菌叢であることが明らかになった. すなわち, プールは細菌学的にも適切な水質管理がされていることが示唆された. わが国では法令により, プール水は消毒剤, 次亜塩素酸ナトリウム (濃度0.4-1.0ppm) で適切に管理するように定められている. 本研究で分離同定されたPseudomonas 属とSerratia 属のある菌種は近年, 日和見感染の起因細菌として着目されている. そこで, 今回分離されたP. aeruginosa およびS. marcescens について, 消毒剤として使用されている次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを段階的濃度に含ませたディスクを用いて感受性試験を行った. その結果, 阻止円は, 次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを高濃度 (50ppm) に含むディスク周辺でのみ観察され, プール水から見つかった, これらのPseudomonas とSerratia 属の細菌は消毒剤に耐性を示す耐性菌であることがわかった.

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週1回8週間のサーキットトレーニングが大学生の体力および感情に与える影響

内田英二, 神林勲

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 11-20
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.11

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This study was conducted to clarify the influence of circuit training carried out once a week on the mood state and physical fitness of college students. Thirty-five healthy college students (6 males, 29 females) participated. Students completed an exercise set consisting of six items, and repeated these in sets of three during physical education class once per week for 8 weeks. The effect of the training was evaluated by comparison of the maximal repetition (MR) values in the maximum score test (MST) carried out one week before and one week after a training period. Mood state was determined by Mood Check List-Short Form 1 (MCL-S.1), by which mood state is assessed as a pleasant feeling, a relaxed feeling, and a feeling of anxiety. The students made these assessments immediately before and 5 minutes after every exercise. The influence of the physical fitness level was assessed in female students with high TS values (HG, n=6) and in female students with low TS values (LG, n=6). All of the MR values in the MSTs and the height of a vertical jump were increased significantly after the training period. The results of repeated measures ANOVA performed on data obtained from all of the students showed that the pleasant feeling score increased significantly after the exercise (p<0.05), whereas the relaxed feeling and the feeling of anxiety scores did not change. The mood state scores before and after exercise did not show a significant difference between the HG and the LG. The pleasant feeling scores for both groups were positive in both the HG and LG, indicating that the exercise resulted in a desirable mood state. These results showed that the circuit training program was effective for increasing the level of physical fitness and that it improved the pleasant feeling of individuals, regardless of their physical fitness level.

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球技スポーツ競技者における個別性の原則を考慮した体力トレーニングの効果

坂井和明, 伊藤竜兵, 大高敏弘, 高松薫

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 21-32
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.21

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本研究では, 大学男子バスケットボール部員14名を用いて, 被験者を無気型群と有気型群とに分け, 両群に同一トレーニング (8週間) を実施した後に, タイプ別トレーニング (8週間) を実施し, 間欠的なハイパワー発揮能力に対するトレーニング効果を検討した. 被験者は, トレーニング前, 同一トレーニング後およびタイプ別トレーニング後に, 全力での方向変換走を用いたインターバルテスト (20セット, 計8分間) を行った. 主な結果は以下の通りである.
(1) 同一トレーニングでは, 両群ともに有気的能力のみが改善された. 両群ともにインターバルテスト後半のパフォーマンスに改善傾向が認められたが, 両群間の間欠的なハイパワー発揮能力の差に変化は認められなかった.
(2) タイプ別トレーニングによって, 両群ともに無気的能力と有気的能力がトレーニング目標に達した. 両群のトレーニング課題が解決された結果, 無気型群はインターバルテスト後半, 有気型群は前半のパフォーマンスが改善され, 両群間の間欠的なハイパワー発揮能力に差が認められなくなった.
上述の結果から, 体力トレーニングを行っていく際には, 個人の体力特性に応じたトレーニング課題を設定してトレーニング処方することの重要性が示唆された. 本研究の知見は, 球技スポーツの体力トレーニングに個別性の原則を適用させる際の有用な知見になると考えられる.

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「撃剣」「剣術」から「剣道」への移行に関する史的考察

木下秀明

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 33-48
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.33

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This paper attempts to clarify the process of change from Gekiken and Kenjutsu to Kendo at the beginning of the 20th Century. The former two terms were widely used to mean swordsmanship with a bamboo sword. However, only the latter term is currently employed, despite the fact that it had been scarcely used at the time of the former two. At the end of the 19th Century, Gekiken was disliked by intellectuals because it marked a change from a real martial art to competition with a bamboo sword, and Kendo began to find favor instead of Gekiken even though the principle of Kendo had not been properly defined. In 1908, Shizuo Sakaguchi, a student, suggested that the concept of Kendo should consist of not only Kenjutsu training but also the mental discipline that is required for swordsmanship. However, his ideas did not gain immediate acceptance. In 1909, the Tokyo Higher Normal School changed the term Gekiken to Kendo, thus following the mainstream trend of adopting Kendo without any set idea of its content. Although in 1911 the Ministry of Education permitted Gekiken to be taught in secondary schools, the School intended to retain the term Kendo as a descriptor, and therefore it became necessary to properly define its content. Accordingly, Michiaki Nagai, the only professor of gymnastics at the School, emphasized the mental aspects of Kendo, as the suffix “-do” means “the way” for perfection of swordsmanship, as opposed to Gekiken and Kenjutsu, as the terms mean literally “hitting with” and “handling” a sword. The first special school for swordsmanship instructors was set up by the Ministry in 1911, and thereafter use of the term Kendo spread to all schools. The final aspect of this change of thought was the adoption of the term Budo instead of Bujutsu, meaning “martial art”, by the Great Japan Martial Virtue Association in 1919.

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運動部活動への参加による目標設定スキルの獲得と時間的展望の関係

上野耕平

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 49-60
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.49

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Previous studies on the acquisition of life skills through sport have paid attention to the relationship between the acquisition of skills and behavior modification, while few studies have examined the relationship between skill acquisition and psychological aspects. This study focused on the relationship between goal-setting skill (GS), which can be acquired by participation in athletic clubs, and time perspective (TP). The aim of this study was to clarify (1) the influence of GS acquired by participation in an athletic club on TP, and (2) instructions that can promote the development of TP. In study 1, a service program for acquiring GS through participation in an athletic club (SPG) was introduced to 15 members of a technical college soccer club. The program consisted of 5-hours of lectures and practices in goal-setting in both sport and daily life. The results showed that the SPG was mostly useful. In study 2, a service program for acquiring GS and TP through participation in the athletic club (SPGT), which was developed from the SPG in study 1, was introduced to 53 members of a junior high school soccer club. The program consisted of 4-hours of lectures and practices in goal-setting through the perspective of both sport and daily life. From the results of study 2, it is clarified that (1) acquisition of GS through participation in an athletic club is possible, (2) acquisition of GS affects the development of TP, and (3) instructions that are based on a scheme for the formation of TP have a limited affect on the development of TP. Consequently, it is considered that GS acquired through participation in an athletic club promotes the development of TP.

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テニスのゲームを取るために重要なカウント

高橋仁大, 前田明, 西薗秀嗣, 倉田博

2006 年 51 巻 1 号 p. 61-69
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.51.61

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Tennis has a peculiar scoring system. The purpose of this study was clarify the importance of counting one game in tennis matches by studying data from actual games, comprising 42 men's singles matches (907 games) during the Kyushu collegiate tennis championships held in 1997 and 1998. The main criterion for the analysis was the relationship between point-winning at each score and game-winning. It was found that (1) the rate of point-winning by game-winning players was 67.0%, and that the rate of point-winning by opponents was 33.0%. The game-winning players obtained 2/3 of all points. Furthermore (2), the rate of point-winning by players with a leading score was comparatively high at the time of either leading, such as in an up count or a down count, as well as when there was a difference in points at game-point. In particular, the rate of point-winning by game-winning players was significantly high on 0-15 and 15-30. (3) At scores of 30-30 and deuce (i.e. even count), the rate of point-winning by game-winning players was significantly high. These scores led an even count to game-point. These scores also showed a high frequency, and were the key to winning the game. These results suggest that scores of 30-30 and deuce are keys to game-winning, when gaining one point can lead to victory.

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