巻号一覧
51 巻 (2006)
- 6 号 p. 737-
- 5 号 p. 611-
- 4 号 p. 399-
- 3 号 p. 229-
- 2 号 p. 103-
- 1 号 p. 1-
51 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
総説
-
出村 慎一, 佐藤 進2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 103-115
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリーThe aims of this review are to (1) outline the course of quality of life (QOL) studies in Japan, (2) clarify the concept and scale of health-related QOL and subjective QOL, (3) clarify the problems in the Japanese version of subjective QOL scales and the characteristics of subjective QOL in Japanese elderly, and (4) propose a direction of QOL assessment for the aging society in Japan. Since the 1970s in Japan, QOL has been studied in several fields, such as medical science, social psychology and gerontology, but a unified concept or definition of QOL has not been established. Health-related QOL, developed in the field of medical science, evaluates the individual condition from multiple dimensions including physical, psychological, social, functional and spiritual aspects. Since the aging society in Japan is largely composed of healthy elderly, comprehensive health-related QOL scales, which can provide continuous assessment from the disabled to healthy elderly, have a high degree of availability. Subjective QOL scales measure individual subjective evaluations of all aspects of daily life. Subjective QOL has mainly been assessed from the viewpoint of life satisfaction or morale. However, it has been reported that the existing scales have certain problems, and that subjective QOL is influenced by culture and individual values. In the aging society of Japan, it will be important to evaluate QOL in the elderly from the aspects of both health-related and subjective QOL to clarify the criteria for “successful aging”. In addition, ikigai (“something to live for”), which is unique to Japan, will be an effective measure for evaluation of QOL.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K)
原著論文
-
森丘 保典, 持田 尚, 内丸 仁, 青野 博, 雨宮 輝也, 伊藤 静夫2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 117-124
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリー本研究の目的は, 十種競技者を対象に間欠的な漸増負荷走行テスト (MART) を行い, La動態と走能力との関係を検討することであった.
結果の要約を以下に示す.
(1) V400m, V1500mおよびTPRとVmaxとの間にそれぞれ有意な正の相関関係が認められた. また, V400mとPBLaとの間に有意な正の相関関係が認められた.
(2) 十種競技者の走能力 (V100m, V400m, V1500m, TPR) は, VRLaとの間にVALaよりも高い有意な正の相関関係が認められた.
(3) VRLaは, 無気的能力の向上 (最大下のLa濃度およびPBLaの増加) によるLa動態の変化を, トレーニング効果として評価することができた.
以上のことから, MARTが十種競技者の走能力を反映したテストであること, また, PBLaおよびVRLa (V20%La, V40%La, V60%La) が, 個々の競技者の生理的特性やトレーニングによる無気的能力の変化を考慮した, 十種競技者の走能力評価の指標として利用可能であることなどが示された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (312K) -
吉田 毅2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 125-138
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリーA study was conducted to identify the most important factors involved in the way that athletes overcome troubles common among athletes. Most previous studies have tended to examine this problem from the viewpoint of the subjective socialization theory. However, this theory has limitations for investigating this issue. We therefore examined this problem using a different approach. We studied the “life histories” of two members of a yacht racing team trying to qualify for the America's Cup race, on the basis of data recorded during interviews. This study focused on how they overcame their troubles by means of transfer. One of the subjects had experienced troubles regarding the limits of his competitive ability as a soccer player when he was a university student, before he became a yacht racer. The other subject had experienced serious occupational troubles after getting a job, due to insufficient preparation for performing the job. Both individuals overcame their troubles by means of transfer. The main findings of this study were that both subjects overcame their troubles by chance. That is, the most important factors determining whether they were able to succeed were based on information regarding transfer obtained by chance from acquaintances, and this information had raised their hopes and prompted them to change their jobs (activities). In other words, this information allowed them to exercise their subjectivity (autonomy) to overcome their troubles. This method of conflict resolution contrasts sharply with the methods reported in previous studies, in which athletes tended to use their subjectivity to overcome their troubles by obtaining emotional support from “significant others” (i.e. family, coaches or teammates). On the other hand, the two study cases were able to use their own subjectivity to overcome their troubles through the aid and support of others. This method of resolution was the same as that reported in previous studies. Our findings suggest that athletes overcome their troubles in various ways, and that help and advice from other individuals, including family, coaches and even casual acquaintances, can play a very important role in such problem-solving.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (544K) -
高橋 豪仁2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 139-150
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリーMass audiences can now commonly congregate in stadiums due to factors such as advanced transport, increased leisure time, and the growth of the mass media, which has improved spectator sports to create a vibrant and exciting atmosphere produced by the cheering of large numbers of fans who wish to watch players performing. Cheering is a critical component of spectator sports culture. In Japanese professional baseball there are private fan clubs that are central for the generation of cheering within the stadium during the game. The present study focused on the subculture of professional baseball fan clubs that are organized voluntarily by mass sports fans. This paper not only deals with the pattern of action and the value standards peculiar to such fan clubs, but also clarifies the dominant/parent culture that is central to the subculture, and how the subculture is created by adopting the dominant/parent culture through negotiation or conflict between members or groups based on the power resource of the subculture typical to their own. The data were collected through participant observation of private fan clubs of the Hiroshima Carp. It is inferred from descriptions about conflict and power relationships among the members or groups that the social resources are demo-commitment in the stadium and closeness with the baseball team and players, and that “flag-waving” and “leading”, which are the typical forms of cheering behavior in stadiums, serve a ritualistic function of symbolizing the social power of the fan clubs. Furthermore, bureaucracy and yakuza's quasi-family institution are adopted into these distinctive patterns of action and value standards. The former is a dominant culture taken from the mainstream of modern society, and the latter is a parent culture located at a lower level of society. Multiple strata are evident in the subculture of fan clubs. This does not simply mean that the fan clubs have the characteristics of bureaucracy and yakuza's quasi-family institution, but illustrates that the subculture of private fan clubs is created by domesticating bureaucracy and the quasi-family institution to their own values standard and pattern of act about cheering.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (497K) -
木下 秀明2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 151-163
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリーMichiaki Nagai, the only professor of gymnastics (now known as physical education) at Tokyo Higher Normal School, was the only person who maintained that the aim of kendo (swordsmanship) should be not simply to advance its techniques but to build up spiritual ability through swordsmanship practice, taking the place of gekiken, a part of kenjutsu (swordsmanship), which was hitting practice with a bamboo sword. He first suggested this idea at the first special school for swordsmanship instructors selected from middle schools across Japan, held by the Ministry of Education in 1911. The aim of this article is to clarify when Nagai decided to change the name from gekiken to kendo by researching all of his articles and books describing martial arts, including swordsmanship, published from 1909, when he returned from abroad study, to 1915, when he wrote the foreword for kendo, the first great reference book for instructors, written by S. Takano, the swordsmanship instructor of the School. It is concluded that because Nagai did not have any idea about the name for swordsmanship with a bamboo sword at the beginning of his research, he used gekiken as the subject name for the School. However, he decided to use kendo instead of gekiken in August 1910, when the School adopted kendo as the subject name. As soon as the Ministry adopted gekiken as the official term for the school subject in July 1911, he acted publicly to use kendo for the School, in spite of the decision of the Ministry.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K)
研究資料
-
加藤 謙一, 宮丸 凱史2006 年 51 巻 2 号 p. 165-175
発行日: 2006年
公開日: 2008/01/25
ジャーナル フリー本研究の目的は, 15歳から17歳までの男女高校生を対象に疾走能力および疾走動作の発達を横断的に把握し, この時期における疾走動作の特徴を明らかにすることであった. その結果は以下のように要約される.
男子は疾走速度が15歳と17歳間, ピッチが15歳と16歳および15歳と17歳間でそれぞれ有意に増大したが, 女子は疾走速度やピッチなどの疾走能力に関して有意な変化は示さなかった. 男女とも15-17歳の全年齢において疾走速度と有意な相関関係がみられた動作要因は, 脚全体の最大スウィング速度のみであった. また脚全体の最大スウィング速度は, 男女とも17歳が15歳よりも有意に大きい値を示した. 脚全体の最大スウィング速度に関係している動作要因の男女の特徴は次のようであった. すなわち, 男子では股関節の最大伸展角速度は, 17歳が15歳よりも有意に大きいものであり, 接地中の膝関節の最大伸展角速度は15-17歳の間で有意な変容がみられなかった. このことから, 男子の疾走動作は, 17歳の方が15歳よりも股関節の伸展速度を有効に脚全体の最大スウィング速度へ変換したものであったと考えられる. 一方女子では, 接地中の膝関節の最大屈曲角度は15歳が17歳より有意に小さく, その最大伸展角速度は17歳が15歳よりも有意に大きいものであった. このことから, 女子の疾走動作は, 接地中の膝関節の伸展動作が大きいものであり, 脚を十分に固定できず脚全体の最大スウィング速度の原動力となる股関節の伸展速度を効果的に利用できなかったと考えられる. また, 接地中の膝関節の最大屈曲角度は女子が男子より有意に小さく, その最大伸展角速度は女子が男子より有意に大きい値であった.
以上のことから, 15歳から17歳にかけて男子では疾走速度を高めるような疾走動作の変容がみられたのに対して, 女子ではみられなかったことが示唆された. また, 女子は男子よりも接地中の膝関節の伸展動作が大きく, 上下動の大きい疾走動作であることが示唆された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|