体育学研究
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
51 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
原著論文
  • 張 瓊方, 頭川 昭子
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 737-756
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of Chinese classical dance works performed in Taiwan. Twelve dance works performed by dancers ranging from groups of elementary school children to a professional dance troupe in Taiwan were recorded on VTR and analyzed for composition, outer images and inner images. In order to analyze the compositions of the dances, the theme, genders, music, hand props and movements as dance elements were described on the VTR. Also, in order to analyze and measure dance images through a semantic differential method, a questionnaire with 35 scales for outer images and a questionnaire with 46 scales for inner images were applied. Raw data for two experiments were obtained from 60 and 62 university students, respectively, who responded to these scales for each of the dance works. The results were as follows: 1. It was found that the characteristics of “wen wu” and those of “wu wu” existed, but that both of the characteristics were different. In particular, “wen wu” was expressed in terms of lyrical content, the grace of court women, scenery content, and the atmosphere of wall paintings and sculpture in Tunhuang, using hand props made of fabric, stringed instruments, and curved movements using mainly the upper limbs and upper body. The outer images were obtained in numerous directions in three dimensions, involving “kinds of movements, and space-time variation”, “toe balance and turning while standing”, and “non-transfer by the whole body” and in few directions in a single dimension, such as “lifting of a partner”. However, these dimensions were similar to “wu wu”. The inner images were strongly portrayed in a “flexibility” dimension, and in a light “weight” dimension. On the other hand, “wu wu” was expressed through substance of content through shows of force using weapons, hand props such as swords and shields, percussion instruments, and with movements involving turning of the upper body using mainly straight lines. The outer images were obtained differently with “wen wu” in two dimensions, using techniques such as “one-legged balance and jumping”, and hand props. The inner images were strongly imaged in a stiff “flexibility” dimension, and in a wide “spatiality” dimension. 2. It was found that the characteristics of Chinese classical dance were similar to those of dances performed in Taiwan. In particular, both kinds of dance works were similar in composition in that they were performed mainly by women, using concerto music, and with hand props. Also, the outer images of both were similar in four dimensions such as “kinds of movements and space-time variation”, “toe balance and turning while standing”, “no transfer by whole body” and “lifting of partner”, and the inner images of both were similar in that the directions involved two dimensions, such as “esthetic” in the beauty dimension and “harmoniousness” in the harmony dimension.
  • 竹之内 隆志, 田口 多恵, 奥田 愛子
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 757-771
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined the mechanisms and issues that are important for personality development in athletes, and the effect of sports experience on personality development. We hypothesized that experiences of crisis, exploration, and commitment in athletic and daily life events promote personality development. Junior high school athletes (206 boys, 196 girls) and senior high school athletes (217 boys, 163 girls) completed a questionnaire assessing their experience of crisis, exploration, and commitment for four issues in the athletic domain, and for six issues in the daily life domain. Levels of ego development, as an index of individual personality development, were assessed with the Sentence Completion Test. Multiple regression analyses with crisis, exploration, and commitment as predictor variables and ego development as a criterion variable revealed that, for male junior high school athletes, there were significant relationships between predictor and criterion variables with regard to teammates, coaches, athletic performance, studying, and life style/values; for male senior high school athletes, there were significant relationships between predictor and criterion variables with regard to teammates, coaches, athletic performance, and future occupation/life course; for female junior high school athletes, there were significant relationships between predictor and criterion variables with regard to teammates, life style/values, and friends of the same sex; for female senior high school athletes, there were significant relationships between predictor and criterion variables with regard to teammates, coaches, future occupation/life course, life style/values, and friends of the same sex. For all groups, significant relationships between predictor and criterion variables were exhibited for at least one issue in both the athletic domain and the daily life domain. These results provide support for the hypothesized mechanisms of personality development in athletes, and suggest that sports experiences during the junior and senior high school years affect personality development in both boys and girls.
  • 三井 孝, 図子 浩二
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 773-782
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究では, はずみ運動を用いた下肢におけるSSC運動の遂行能力の評価法を作成し, この能力と高齢者が大きな歩幅で歩くための歩行能力との関係について検討した.
    93歳の高高齢者を含む高齢者8名に, 典型的なSSC運動であるはずみ運動とリバウンドジャンプを実施させるとともに, 自由歩行, 大股歩行および最大努力による大股歩行を実施させ, 運動フォームや地面反力の特徴について比較検討した. その結果, はずみ運動は, 鉛直成分の力からみると, 過負荷と安全性の両原則を満足させながら, 高齢者のSSC運動の遂行能力を評価する運動であるとともに, 高齢者が歩行するために必要な下肢の能力も反映する可能性が認められた. これらのことは, 今後SSC運動を用いない運動と歩行能力との関係を検討し, 歩行中の水平成分の力を考慮したSSC運動の遂行能力を検討することによって明らかになると思われる.
  • 池田 達昭, 村岡 誠, 向井 直樹, 高橋 英幸, 高松 薫
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 783-791
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究では, 同一の競技チームに所属し, 日常的に同様な筋力トレーニングを実践している集団を対象にし, 1RMの個人差の小さい等質的な集団であるか否かを確認した上で, (1) 1RMと3種の%1RMにおける繰り返し回数およびI-N slopeとの関係を検討すること, (2) NtotalとI-N slopeの相違を神経―筋機能と筋の組織化学的特性の面から検討することを目的とした. 検討に際して, 1RMの個人差の大きい異質集団を対象とした著者らの先行研究 (池田・高松, 2005) との比較を行った.
    上述の目的を達成するために, 健康な男子大学生サッカー選手 (1年生) 15名 (年齢 : 18.8±0.4歳, 身長 : 174.3±3.4cm, 体重 : 66.1±2.9kg) を対象として, 等尺性最大膝伸展力 (Isom.max) とIsom.max発揮中における力の発揮速度 (RFD), 動的最大膝伸展力 (1RM) と1RMの90%, 70%, 50%での負荷強度における繰り返し回数 (N90, N70, N50), 大腿四頭筋の筋断面積 (CSA) および筋の組織化学的特性を測定した. なお, 本研究における1RMの変動係数は, 著者らの先行研究と比較して低値を示したこと, および, 2つの研究における1RMの分散は異なることが認められたことなどから, 本研究の被験者は1RMの個人差の小さい等質集団であることを確認した.
    本研究における主な結果は以下の通りである.(1) 著者らの先行研究では1RMとN90, N70, N50およびNtotalとの間にいずれも有意な負の相関関係が認められたが, 本研究では1RMとN90との間にのみに有意な負の相関関係が認められた.
    (2) 著者らの先行研究ではNtotalとI-N slopeとの間に有意な正の相関関係が認められたが, 本研究では2つの指標間に密接な関係は認められなかった.
    (3) 本研究では, NtotalとRFDとの間に有意な負の相関関係が認められ, I-N slopeと%Fiber area (TypeI) との間に有意な正の相関関係が認められた.
    以上の結果から, 1RMと3種の%1RMにおける繰り返し回数, NtotalおよびI-N slopeとの関係は, 対象とする被験者の1RMの個人差の大きさによって影響を受けること, NtotalとI-N slopeは, それぞれ繰り返し回数に関わる異なる能力を評価していること, などの可能性が示唆された.
実践研究
  • 荒井 弘和, 中村 友浩
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 793-799
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to examine the influences on the affect of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities through participation in an intensive sport program. Six parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities who participated in a table tennis program as a family (along with the disabled individual) were recruited to serve as participants in this study. The program involved performing three sets of table tennis training, each lasting twenty minutes. Two measures were employed, namely the Waseda Affect Scale of Exercise and Durable Activity (WASEDA; Arai et al., 2003) and the Feeling Scale (FS; Rejeski, 1985). These are exercise-specific affect scales that consider affect with respect to sport bouts. WASEDA measures three types of affect: negative affect, positive engagement, and tranquility. FS is a measure of pleasure/displeasure. This study involved a 2 (condition: participating in the sport with the disabled individual/watching the disabled individual playing the sport)× 2 (time: before/after) repeated measures design. The participants were rated on the basis of WASEDA and FS measurement scales both before and after the program in each condition. ANOVA demonstrated that positive engagement and pleasure were enhanced by participating in the sport program rather than by merely watching it being played. These results suggest that actual participation in table tennis is more beneficial for mental health than merely watching it being played.
  • 遠藤 愛
    2006 年 51 巻 6 号 p. 801-815
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2008/01/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Based on her own experiences, the author (a professional female tennis player) believes that skill in the “rear leg technique in the groundstroke phase” is a factor that determines tennis performance. This study examined the long-term effects of training in order to acquire this technique. Three college female tennis players performed a specific training program in the rear leg technique for 15 months. This program was based on the author's experience and “knack of movement”. Evaluations of this technique and swing motion by the players themselves and the author herself, in addition to the results of a hitting test, were recorded over a 15-month period of training. All players basically acquired the rear leg technique after the training period. They improved their self-evaluation capacity, hitting performance and results at official tournaments. This improvement in their performance is likely due to the fact that acquiring the rear leg technique develops weight transfer ability, body axis stability, and rapid action to the next movement in swing motion. The results of interviews of the subjects revealed several types of acquisition of the “knack”, and indicated that the knack is very difficult to express and shows individual variation. Consequently, the present findings indicate that acquisition of rear leg technique contributes to improvement of tennis performance.
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