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Volume 7 (1963)
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Volume 7, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages Cover6-
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (32K) -
M. Ikai, H. Shibayama, K. IshiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 59-70,1
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1920s, A.V. Hill and his coworkers had introduced an excellent electrical timing method to measure the speed of running. The present authors employed an equipment with Cadmiun-cells connected up in series with a galvanometer near the running track. A runner passed across the beam of the light directed to the Cadmium-cells placed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50,……, 100 meters from the starting point. Each time the subject passed one of the beams of the light, the Cadmium-cell induced a current, which was recorded on the paper of the galvanometer. The stibjects consisted of 407 boys from age 6 to 20, 318 girls from age 6 to 18, as well as 47 male and 6 female sprinters of Japan. Boys and girls from age 6 to were asked to run 50meters, and others 100 meters. The study and the discussion were focused on three points as the followings: 1) Propelling force : The propelling force was calculated directly from the distancetime relation. It was found that the propelling force was improved in advancing of age closely related to the development of the muscular strength. The propelling force of sprinters calculated here coincided fairly with the result by A.V. Hill; and it was double that of ordinary persons. 2) The maximum speed: The maximum speed was found to be closely related to the muscular strength with age. The best record of male sprinters was 10.53 meters per second at the top speed, and that of female sprinters was 8,8 meters per second, while in ordinary boys 8, in ordinary girls 6 meters per second of the same age. 3) Rate of deceleration: The decrease of speed of running was presented by per contage of the maximum speed at the end of running. The speed of thhe last 10 meters of 50 meters running was decreased by l0% or less in boys and girls from 6 to 11. The speed of the last 10 meters of 100 meters running was decreased by l0% or less in boys over 12 years of age, while by 12-14% in girls of the same age.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
N. Hotta, othersArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 71-81,2
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the relationships of three body components to the performance of various sports (b) to analyze the psychological effects of various sports trainings to the body components, (c) to compare the personality of athlete students and nonathlete students, and (d) to analyze the relationships of three body components to the anthropometry and physical fitness tests. For the above purposes, the somatotype methods presented by Dr. Sheldon, the Y-G personality test, the physical fitness test adopted by Sport Institute of Japan Amature Athletic Association and the anthropometrical itemschosed by the same institute, were used. In this article, the report is limited only to the results of somatotype study and personality test, and the other will be reported in the next issues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K) -
K. Takagi, K. Ito, T. Yagi, M. ItoArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 82-90,2-3
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn using the rowing machine, we have examined (1) respitory oxygen need, (2)results of the ECG (3) pulse beat, (4) count of respiration of atheletes before, in midst and after rowing. Results. 1) Atheletis of long training : With the weight resistance of 40 Kgms on the oars, we had them pitch 33, 37, 41, 45, 49 per minut, for 3 minutes. With the increasing of pitche we find that it and the oxygen need are in proportion. With the exception of the pitch 49 per minut no matter how high the pitch, with each stroke whether slow or fast, the oxygen need is equal. 2) With the pitch at 37 per minut rowing for 3 mierutes, from the oar weight resistance 0 Kgm to 70 Kgm we find that the heaver the oar resistance, the need*** of oxygen greater and at 70 Kgm it is at the limit of their endurance. 3) Unexperienced men : The same pitch 37 per minut, oar weight resistance 40 Kgm and far 3 minutes, we find that the individual oxygen intake varies greatly and the pulse beat back to normal beat requires time. After 6 months of training the same men on experimenting the same tests, we find theiroxygen intake has greatly increased and quite need those of long training. 4) We have carefully examined the pitch of interval training and also its distribution at races. These examinations hove given us many worthwhile suggestions to thetraining for the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
T. Mizuno, K. Takahashi, T. KabataArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 91-98,3-4
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe has employed three methods to measure in examining the expanded and moved quantities of live skin: (1) the many-point method that is to write a square at approximately 14 plases on the skin of the whole body and pull each square upwards and sideways with the tip of a forefinger to measure how much each side of it has been expanded and moved than before ; (2) the two-point method that is to write two points every three centimeters lengthwise, totally about 4 places and press down (500g/100mm^2) with apulling machine to measure how much each three centimeter between the two points has been made longer than before ; (3) the one-point method that is to write a point at about 4 places and pull each with a pulling machine to measure the distance of the point moved. The subjects were 12 male students. (20 to 22-years-old) The chief results were as follows; (1) The expanded quantities by the many-point method at normal times ranged from 0.1 mm on palms and soles to 3.0 mm on the navel part. (2) The extension quantity by the two-point method at normal, after-exercise (within 20 minutes) and after-bath 9 within 20 minutes) conditions were compared with. The after-exercise measurement showed the largest quantity on every 4 place, 1.0 mm per 10 mm increase than at normal times. Whereas the normal and the after-bath conditions showed little difference. (3) The moved quantity by the one-point method was 31.0 mm normally, 32.7 mm after exercise and 28.8 mm after bath on the average of about 4 places.View full abstractDownload PDF (803K) -
M. Ikai, S. Ebashi, H. KagayaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 99-106,4
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the first step of a study of selecting the optimal standards for physical fitness of youth, treadmill running time was measured as an index of endurance of 180 school boys and girls aged from 10 to 18. Each subject was asked to run until exhaustion at three different speeds on the treadmill with a 8.6% slope. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Average maximum endurance time on the treadmill was plotted against the speed related to age and sex. A gradual increase of the endurance running time on the treadmill in boys was shown, while in girls it stagnated before 15 years of age. Therefore, there appeared a great difference of endurance running time between boys and girls in advancing age. 2) Average endurance running time of boys aged 12, for example, was found to be about 4 min., 2 min. 8 sec., and 1 min. 21 sec. at the speed of 160 m/min., 180 m/min., and 200 m/min. respectively and exceeded that at girls aged 14. 3) The improvement of endurance running time in advancing age was closely related to the development of physique as height, weight and chest girth. 4) After training of 5 minutes running on the treadmill in every other day for four successive weeks, 5 normal boys of 5th grade of elementary school showed a remarkable increase of endurance running time together with an improvement of general activities in their school lives.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
S. MasaArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 107-115,5
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to obtain some basic informations regardiog present stautus of ward gymnasia in Tokyo in order to facilitate the program for community physical education. Size of gymnasia, total number of open-hours per year, percentage of hours used per month and year, objectives of utilization, and classification of activities were studied for the fiscal year of 1961. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Ratio of utilization was 53.1% ; the figure shows possibility of considerable additional use. (2) Generally, smaller gymnasia showed higher utilization for athletic events, while larger ones for those other than athletic nature. (3) In the use of athletic events, about 70% of the total hours were for the preparatory trainings towards the respective competitions ahead. (4) College students, high school students and employees of medium and larger companies represented the majority of participants, with far less participation on the part of community members. The results serve as an indication of the fact that the management procedures of the present ward gymnasia should be improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
K. Takano, H. FujiyoshiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 116-123,5-6
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSummary: From the view-point of developmental stages the timing-error in striking a movrng mark was observed among ten boys and girls eack from the second-grade to fifth-grrde as the subjects of this study. 1) No grade wise dfferonces both in C.E. (Const ant Error) and V.E. (Variable Error) were found when the response-records were not reported to the subgeicts. 2) The difference was found among boys in the first and secoud ten trials, when the response-recoards were reported to the subgects. 3) It was found that the timing error dependeuds on the starting-time when the timing-action was divided into starting-time and working-time. 4) The starting-time and working time among lower-grades boys and all girls of each grades were more variable when the response-records were reported the vbgects. From the above results, the development of timing ability seems to lie in the adjustment-process by means of knowledge.View full abstractDownload PDF (844K) -
S. Honma, S. Ogawa, S. Katsuta, K. Haruyama, Y. KobayashiArticle type: Article
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 124-127,6-7
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe traditionl "Min-yo" found in various parts of Japan may well correspond to the folk-dance of Western countries. There are over two thousand varieties of "Min-yo", however, scientific studies concerning the "Min-yo" are practically non-existant. In order to study the energy metabolism during performance of the "Min-yo", 38 typical "Min-yo" were selected. The experimental subject who served in this study was an individual with normal healthe and physique who devoted himself to the performance of "Min-yo" for 30 years. He danced all the 38 varieties of "Min-yo" to the tune of music played on records. Respiratory gas was collected and analyzed with the following results. 1) The "Haru-koma", "Hana-gasa-odori", and "Awa-odori" involved intense body movement, requiring 46.86 Cal. (4'06"), 27.70 Cal. (2'36"), and 36.87 Cal. (2'30"), respectively, per one round of record. Those involving light movement were "Nanyatoyara", "Sado-okesa", and "Kiso-bushi", requiring 9.31 Cal. (3'18"), 11.9 Cal. (4'27"), and 14.4 Crl. (5'06"), respectively. 2) In regard to relative metabolic rates, the "Awa-odori" was the highest with 14.4 followed by "Haru-koma" and "Hanagasa-odori" with 11.3 each ; the lowest was "Sa-do-okesa" with 2.5. The 38 varieties were classfied into the following according to the intensity of physical labor; 7 kinds (18.4%) was strong, 21 (55.3%) intensive and 10 (20.3%) strenous. 26.3% (10 varieties). 3) From viewpoint of nature of dance, those which repeat meaningful motions require comparatively more time than those which repeat meaningless motions. No correlation exists betwee the time required for one dance and the relative metabolic rate for it. 4) From viewpoint of the intensity of bodily motion, the "Min-yo" has a very wide range, and physical educational effect may be fully expected, however, in its performance, due consideration must be given to the physical fitness of the dancer, dancing time, and also to the nature of the dance.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages App3-
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
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Article type: Bibliography
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages 1-7
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (286K) -
Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages App4-
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (51K) -
Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages Cover8-
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (28K) -
Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 7 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
Published: December 22, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (28K)
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