Sojo University has an outside-school experience program entitled“Early Exposure”whose objectives are to help students realize the importance of 1)taking responsibility for performing duties and 2)having a good attitude.They are also expected to realize the importance of 3)protecting personal information and 4)their studies at the university.The outsideschool experience program is conducted with the cooperation of 37 institutions which include those that have pharmacists working at them,such as hospitals and clinics,and those that do not,such as welfare facilities for children and senior care homes.Based on information on individual facilities,students select the ones they are interested going to and then teachers assign the students to specific institutions in accordance with their interests.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the program,we conducted a questionnaire survey.The results showed that 93.6% of the students were satisfied with it and that early exposure to such institutions made students pay more attention to nursing,welfare,and understanding terms used in welfare and pharmaceutical science.After the early exposure program,there was also an increase in the number of the students who felt cooperation with colleagues is very important.Applying the Wilcoxon's signed rank sum test to the results of questionnaires conducted before and after the program with regard to the above points showed that there were significant differences between them.
Our findings indicate that training giving students early exposure to such institutions increased the interest of students in medical care.The also show that participating in the program enabled students to achieve the attainment targets given in the model core curriculum for pharmaceutical education.

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In the present study,the authors retrospectively reviewed the incidence and severity of hematotoxicity and nonhematotoxicity in 5 in-patients with multiple myeloma who underwent Bortezomib therapy at Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital.
Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.We evaluated the efficacy of Bortezomib therapy at the same time.
As for hematoxicity,severe adverse events defined as grade 3 or 4 in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (CTCAE v.3.0) were observed in all patients.In cases of thrombocytopenia,the platelet count tended to decrease synchronously following injections and return to normal in injection off-periods.
Regarding non-hematotoxicity,the subjective symptoms of insomnia,constipation,nausea,peripheral neuropathy,and dullness occurred at high frequencies.Two patients had the dose of Botezomib reduced since their adverse events included peripheral neuropathy.Previously unknown adverse events also occurred.
Our findings suggested that great caution should be exercised in administering prior therapy as well as to changes in platelet counts related to adverse events which may occur during Bortezomib therapy.Furthermore,based on the M protein values observed and the fact that β₂-microglobulin decreased in all cases,Bortezomib appeared to have high efficacy.

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Since furosemide is unstable when exposed to light,an orange-red PTP is used for commercially produced furosemide tablets.However,there are slight differences in the color of the PTP material among manufacturers and the effect of this on the photostability of furosemide preparations has not yet been clarified.With this in mind,we exposed branded furosemide tablets and generic versions (five 40 mg tablet products and two 20 mg tablet products),either in the PTP or un-packaged,to D₆₅ light for a time and then measured changes in appearance using a color difference meter.
The color difference (ΔΕ*ab) for all the un-packaged tablets after 10 days of exposure increased to around 30,with the surface color of tablets changing from white to yellow.There was also difference in color changes among products in PTPs and for 2 of them the color changed more readily than in the others.
When the furosemide tablets were irradiated with monochromatic light,there was hardly any discoloration above 420 nm but discoloration increased at shorter wavelengths and was particularly remarkable below 350 nm.
We also measured areas under the transmission curve for the PTP of each product and noted that areas in the range 290421 nm indicated furosemide photosensitivity.There was a linear relationship between areas under the transmission curves and the ΔΕ*ab value after 10 days.
The results of this study suggest that the light transmission characteristics of packaging materials play a major role in maintaining the photostability of furosemide tablets.

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When pharmacists provide drug guidance to in-patients,they are often asked about health foods such patients are regularly taking in expectation of anti-cancer effects.However,pharmacists cannot always answer these questions based on scientific evidence.
To further evaluate the efficacy of health foods for this purpose,we did a survey of the literature concerning 5 frequently used health foods said to have anticancer effects using the PubMed and Ichushi search services,obtaining 1,300 papers from the former and 1,142 papers from the latter.However among them,we could not find any providing data from randomized controlled trials and thus there was no clear scientific evidence,though some of the papers noted an improvement in the quality of life of patients.
In conclusion,when pharmacists provide guidance on health foods to patients and their families,it is important for them to collect detailed information and evaluate them on a scientific basis.

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In this study,we evaluated the prophylactic effect of acyclovir against infectious diseases due to the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) after bone marrow transplantation in consideration of the results of 9 randomized placebo-controlled trials.Based on the number of infections during dosing,acyclovir significantly reduced HSV infectious diseases (risk difference[RD],-0.39 ; 95% confidence interval[CI],-0.49 to -0.30 ; P <0.0001)and VZV infectious diseases (RD,-0.18 ; 95% CI,-0.26 to -0.10 ; P <0.0001).From a count of patients with infectious diseases during and after dosing,RDs were estimated to be -0.14 (95% CI,-0.24 to -0.04 ; P =0.0054)and -0.02 (95% CI,-0.14 to 0.10 ; P = 0.7175)for HSV and VZV,respectively.
A cumulative meta-analysis showed that the addition of data from new studies increased the RD of HSV infectious diseases during dosing from -0.50 (95% CI,-0.81 to -0.19)to -0.39.On the other hand,the RD estimated from patients infected both during and after dosing fell from -0.10 (95% CI,-0.48 to 0.28)to -0.14,and with the addition of data from studies published after 1987,the prophylactic effect of acyclovir against HSV infectious diseases became statistically significant.
These findings show that the prophylactic effect of acyclovir against HSV infectious diseases is statistically significant both during and after dosing in bone marrow transplant patients,and that its effect on VZV infectious diseases is limited to the dosing period.

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A questionnaire survey of hospital pharmacists was performed to investigate their awareness with regard to expanding the professional role of pharmacists and the factors which influence this were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis.Three significant factors were indicated,“Physical condition measurements”,“Guidance in medical emergencies”,and “Expansion of existing pharmacist work procedures”.Further,based on the model formula,“Guidance in medical emergencies” was the most influential factor (p=0.00177).
These results suggest that pharmacists are interested in expanding their role,in particular with respect to providing guidance in medical emergencies,and we consider that they will be useful in curriculum development by professional organizations with the aim of expanding the professional role of pharmacists in the future.

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The new formulation of clarithromycin dry syrup (CAMD),whose particles are coated with aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS,came onto the Japanese market in June 2006.The purpose of this study was to compare the bitterness suppression of the new formulation of CAMD with its old formulation.In order to do this,we had the parents of pediatric patients (0 to 7 years old) fill out a questionnaire regarding their children’s compliance.We found that the bitterness of the macrolide antibiotic was a cause of non-compliance among children and that the bitterness of the new CAMD formulation was suppressed even when it was made into a suspension in an acidic beverage (pH 3.5).This is because the dissolution rate of clarithromycin in the new CAMD formulation is suppressed to a greater extent than that in the old CAMD formulation.

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In order to improve efficiency in the preparation of TAXOTERE^® injection for alcohol hypersensitive patients,we investigated its dissolution in warmed saline or 5% glucose solution.Solutions were heated to 3 different temperatures : 25°C,55 °C and 70°C.At 55°C and 70°C,for both warmed saline and 5% glucose,uniform TAXOTERE^® premix solutions were obtained within 1 minute,while 10 minutes or more was required at 25°C.Further,to obtain uniform TAXOTERE^® premix solutions at 55°C and 70°C only gentle mixing was necessary.There was no need for vigorous shaking.
We then investigated the stability of docetaxel hydrate in warmed TAXOTERE^® premix solutions using HPLC.No peak for docetaxel hydrate was observed in the case of heating at 25°C for 24 hours or for heating at 55°C heating for 3 hours,for both warmed saline and 5% glucose.At 70°C,peaks assumed to be those of catabolites of docetaxel hydrate were apparent after 60 minutes.
In conclusion,we consider that the use of warmed saline or 5% glucose solution at 55°C in the preparation of TAXOTERE^® injection for alcohol hypersensitive patients can shorten the preparation time,and greatly raise efficiency in preparation.

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