2-(2-Hydroxyethylmercapto) benzothiazole (HMBT) was detected in water filled in disposable plastic syringes (10 ml) of 2 Japanese producers. Identification of HMBT was made by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry, while assay was made by GC. The HMBT concentration was 3.8μg and 9.0μg in 5-ml water after 5 min by GC. It continued to increase up to 90 min at room temperature.

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Theophylline concentration in serum was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay with monoclonal antibody (MC-FPIA). Within-run precision of the MC-FPIA method determined by 10 replicate analyses of 3 control sera gave coefficients of variation of L66, 1.81 and 1.48% for the low, . medium and high control sera, respectively, while between-run coefficients of variation were 3.09, 3.07 and 3.49% for the low, medium and high control sera. The recovery of clinically relevant concentrations of theophylline-spiking drug-free plasma was 98.6 to 101.0 %.
Results of MC-FPIA on serum samples from athmatic patients receiving theophylline were compared quantitatively with the results of high performance liquid chromatography. The correlation coefficient was 0.990.
The cross-reactivity of 3 main human theophylline metabolites and 4 xanthine derivatives was evaluated and, as a results, no significant effect on the study result was noted. We conclude that MC-FPIA is a reliable and reproducible method for clinical theophylline level monitoring.

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Serum levels of 10 epileptic patients (261 samples) receiving in our hospital oral antiepileptic. drugs such as phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate-(VPA) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method.
The correlation between dosage and serum level of PHT was observed (r= 0.554) to some extent. The correlation between dosage and serum level of PB was significant (r=0.740). Fur thermore, in some symptoms subject to the combination with PHT, the serum levels were almost in effective therapeutic range, showing high correlation and high value of linear regression CBZ did not show any, dose dependency, and the slope of its linear regression was as low as 0.082. VPA serum level was not equivalent to the value as reported in the previous papers. Phis is due probably to a reduction of half-life period and an elevation of metabolism resulting from enzyme auto-induction caused by other antiepileptic drugs received. Hence VPA serum. level may be lowered.

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Dissolution patterns of new and old digoxin tablets and bioequivalence of such products following a change in bulk supplier were examined. The untriturated new digoxin powder showed a melting range which was almost the same as that of the old one. The particle sizes of the new digoxin powder as determined by the scanning electron photomicrography were slightly smaller than those of the old one, and the new tablets were found to have higher dissolution rate than the old tablets.
The digoxin concentration in serum and saliva of 6 healthy volunteers were determined by radioimmunoassay after oral administration of digoxin tablets in a 2-way crossover design. The bioavailability of the digoxin tablets was bioequivalent. The power of variance analysis for bioequivalence test in the serum data was higher than that in the saliva data. It can be concluded that both the new and old digoxin tablets have clinically satisfactory bioavailability.

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12 kinds of injectable drugs were investigated for adsorption to polyvinyl chloride intravenous fluid bags. The solutions were assayed by spectrophotometry or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diazepam and prochlorperazine dimaleate in unbuffered aqueous solution, and diazepam, clomipramine HCl, promethazine HCl, prochlorperazine dimaleate, clorpromazine HCl and levomepromazine HCl and levomepromazine HCl in buffered solution (pH 7.4) showed significant adsorption.
In all drugs studied, adsorption increased with time while loss of the drugs were not related to initial concentration. Adsorption also increased in parallel with a rise in temperature. Loss of diazepam was unaffected by pH. On the other hand, the extent of loss was greater at higher pH levels in levomepromazine HCl, promethazine HCl and clomipramine HCl.

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In the quality test of 2 brands of film coated tablets containing 20mg of metoprolol tartrate, their dissolution, weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration and hardness were studied. Their weight variation was 0.8 to 1.9%, content 20.1 to 20.4mg, and disintegration time less than 10.8 min, all meeting the JP X requirements. The hardness was 5.7 to 6.3 kg/ cm².
In the dissolution test with use of the 1st fluid (Disintegration Test, JP X) by rotatory basket method, 50 and 90% dissolution times (T⁵⁰ and T⁹⁰) of the 2 brands were almost the same, while the results obtained by the paddle method were not so different from those by rotatory basket method. In addition, the effect of pH on T⁵⁰ and T⁹⁰ was studied. T⁵⁰ and T⁹⁰ of 2 brands were influenced slightly by pH of dissolution fluid. No other significant differences were observed between 2 brands.

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In order to obtain information on the stability of Domperidone Dry Syrup, we studied its compatibility with commonly used drugs which were used in this test in powder (55 samples) or aqueous suspension (32 samples).
Compatibility of this drug with 55 powder products was studied in terms of changes in appearance by sensory test. Under severe conditions, 49 samples became moistened, while 25 were discolored in 14 days. Under moderate conditions, 10 samples became moistened and 9 were discolored. The residual potency of the syrup under moderate conditions showed no notable changes in 14 days.
In the test using 32 kinds of aqueous suspensions, changes in appearance, pH and redispersibility were checked. 5 samples under severe conditions showed changes in appearance, while all the samples did not change their pH value under severe and moderate conditions. In the redispersibility test, 3 samples showed poor results under severe and moderate conditions.

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Determination of acetone and methanol contents in Chinese medicinal extract granules (CMEG) was carried out for their quality test. 14 products combining 4 kinds of CMEG (Hachimijiogan, Syosaiko-toh, Orengedoku-toh and Kamisyoyou-san) from 4 manufacturers were used in this study.
No significant difference was observed in acetone contents of the 14 products, all in the range not more than 10μg/ g. However, a considerable difference in methanol contents was observed among manufacturers. Methanol in CMEG prepared by wet-molding showed high content, and in CMEG prepared by dry-molding indicated almost no content. This substance was not detected in 3 products of a manufacturer as a result of a change in granulation method from wet-molding to dry-molding. Only a trace of methanol was found in the decoctions of crude drugs for CMEG. This indicates that the high contents of methanol in CMEG are dependent upon the manufacturing process.

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Compatibility of Actosin Injection (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) with 12 preparations including circulatory system agents and diuretics was investigated in terms of changes in appearacne, pH value and residual rate. Changes were tested immediately, and 3, 6 and 24 hours after admixing at room temperature. The following results were obtained:
1. Preparations with satisfactory compatibility: Noradrenaline, Bosmin Inj, Millisrol Inj, Digilanogen C Inj, Lasix Inj, Aspara K Inj, Insulin Novo Actrapid MC.
2. Preparations with unsatisfactory compatibility: Dobutrex, Neophylline Inj, Soldactone, Uronase, FOY.

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The quality test of a commercial propranolol hydrochloride sustained-release preparation (Inderal LA) was conducted from 3 directions: weight variation, content uniformity and dissolution. The weight variation and the content uniformity were tested in accordance with the method prescribed in JP X. The dissolution test was made in the rotatory basket method and the paddle method (JP X) using 4 kinds of fluids:.distilled water (pH 4.0-5.0), 1st fluid (pH 1.2) and 2nd fluid (pH 6.8) in JP X Disintegration Test, and 2nd fluid (pH 7.4) in JP IX. The following results were obtained:
1) The weight variation of the preparation was very small. 2) The mean content was about 100% and the content variation was very small. 3) In all of the 4 test fluids, 50% dissolution time was about 5 hours, 75% dissolution time about 10 hours, and 100% dissolution time about 24 hours, thus indicating that the pH values produce almost no effect on the dissolution rate.

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Writing patients' names by hand on all one-dose packages in our hospital pharmacy has been very time-consuming service. For the time-and labor-saving in the hospital pharmacy, new medication delivery carts with double sided drawer were introduced. The time for the onedose package service and that for the medication inspection were measured before and after introduction of the carts.
The one-dose package service time per nursing unit was greatly reduced from 140-170 min. before the introduction of the carts to 60-100 min. after the introduction. Thus, the mean time required for writing a patient's name in one-dose package service for 7 days (1 min. and 22 sec.) was saved by the introduction of the carts. That resulted in the improvement on the medication services of nurse for inpatients.

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