Stability of six kinds of antibiotics in ultrasonic nebulization (UN) on admixture with and without Alevaire® was investigated in regard to change in appearance and pH, smell and residual antibiotic potency.
In this study, following commercially available injections were used: benzylpenicillin potassium (PC-G), Polymyxin B sulfate (PL), oxytetracycline (OTC), erythromycin lactobionate (EML), lincomycin hydrochloride (LCM) and amphotericin B (AMPH). The potency of PC-G and PL decreased 20 minutes after UN. The residual potency of PC-G, PL, OTC and AMPH in admixture with Alevaire decreased below 90% 20 minutes after UN. Especially, PC-G and PL potency showed a remarkable decrease. PL and EML showed a change in appearance in admixture with Alevaire. LCM produced a bad smell by UN.
It is concluded that UN should be avoided in the samples which showed a decrease in potency, change in appearance and produced a bad smell.

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Levothyroxine sodium injections as hospital pharmacy products were prepared from L-thyroxine sodium and Thyradin-S tablet. An ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of levothyoxine sodium. The recovery rates of levothyroxine sodium injections using L-thyroxine sodium and dissolved by 0.1N NaOH were between 98.0 and 99.9%, but those of products using Thyradin-S tablet were betweeen 9.0 and 11.8%.
Stability of levothyroxine sodium injection products was investigated in terms of their appearance and change of the content in 180 days.
As a result, significant change was observed in some conditions of preservations. Thus, levothyroxine sodium injection that was preserved at room temperature under UV light showed a low residual rate. However, it is considered that the levothyroxine sodium injections be useful if they are preserved in a dark, cold place.

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Vitamin K₂ (K₂) syrup has begun to be administered to newborn for prophylaxis of intracranial hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency. The stability of K₂ syrup (2mg/ml) and its diluted solution (0.2mg/ml) in a plastic bottle with or without an orange bag to exclude light was examined by micro high pressure liquid chromatography.
When light was excluded by the orange bag, regardless of a color of bottle, the concentration of K₂ and storage temperature, the residual rate of K₂ in an ophthalmic bottle (10ml) was more than 90% after 1 month under a fluorescent light (500 lux) shed for 10-12 hours per day. But when light was not excluded by the orange bag, K₂ decomposed to less than 40% and was somewhat more stable in a brown-colored bottle than in a colorless bottle, and in syrup than in its diluted solution. K₂ in a dispensing bottle (30ml) without a light-resistant cover decomposed to 76-85% in only 9 hours under fluorescent light.
Therefore, K₂ syrup and its diluted solution should be administered in light-excluding containers. Photodegradation of K₂ in the plastic bottle was inhibited when stored in an orange bag.

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The advance system (Syva®) in conjunction with fluorescence excitation transfer immunoassay reagents was available for use in determining serum drug levels. We evaluated this system for determination of serum digoxin level.
Within-run CV's were determined to be lower than 3.29% for 10 replicate assays on digoxin spiked sample at 4 concentrations. Between-run CV's were determined to be lower than 3.30% for 10 different days in duplicate assays on digoxin spiked sample over the 14-day period. Hemolysis or bilirubinemia sample showed a substantial interfere on determining serum digoxin level by FETIA with the advance system.
We compared the Syva advance system with 4 commercial based digoxin assays. A linear regression analysis was performed on the data by parallel determination of 100 patient samples with wide range of concentrations. The advance system has been proved highly automated, and its precision and correlation with other methods were practically acceptable.

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Improvement on the physical properties ot the tollowing 4 samples, highly adhesive and agglutinative, was tried: Adsorbin, calcium lactate, Laxatol powder, and yokuinin extract powder. After adding mgnesium stearate to the 4 samples, their packaging errors and recovery of weight after packing were determined with packaging machines having different valves (Konishi KC-747-K Type 12 with a plastic valve type 12 and with a stainless steel valve).
In all the 4 samples, the packaging error was smaller with the machine having the plastic value than with a stainless steel. By addition of 0.4% magnesium stearate, the physical properties, packaging error and recovery of weight of Adsorbin were improved, thus suggesting that the method is usuful for drug dispensing. An improvement on physical properties was also found in the remaining 3 samples, but no improvement on the packaging error and recovery of weight.

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Concentrations of free iodine in dilute solutions of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) gargle and its bactericidal activity were examined during 21 days of storage at various temperatures. Free iodine was reduced a little when 15-30-fold dilute solutions were stored for 21 days in a dark place at 5°. On the other hand free iodine in a 30-fold dilute solution was reduced extremely and its residual rate of iodine was around 50% on 21 days after it was stored in a dark place at 35°. Reduction of free iodine was found to be dependent on temperature. However, the 30-fold dilution of PVP-I gargle stored at 35° kept sufficient bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes and Esherichia coli even after the storage for 21 days. Further, salivary bacteria were killed by 60-fold dilute solution of PVP-I gargle, as well as by 30-fold.
These findings indicate that 15-30-fold dilute solutions of the PVP-I gargle are effective for 3 weeks if they are stored under 5°, and its 60-fold solution has a sufficient bactericidal effect in the mouth.

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In order to complete a collecting and investigating system for adverse drug reactions in our Drug Information (DI) room, we have analyzed 836 (13.4%) inquiries selected from a total of 6261 inquiries sent to the DI room from Sept. 1983 to Aug. 1984. The survey procedures were divided into 3 steps as indicators to clarify the depth of information and difficulty of answers:
Step I: Adequate information can be presented by only package inserts-Solver's judgment is hardly necessary. Step II: Adequate information can be presented by drug handbooks (e. g. AMA-DE, PDR, AHFS, USP-DI, Extra Pharmacopoeia, etc.)-Solver's judgment is necessary. Step III: Adequate informtion can be presented only after original articles are referred to-Solver's judgment as well as the detail information is necessary.
From the analysis of inquiries, the following results were obtained: the inquiries concerning. blood disorder and hepatic disorder were ranked first (more than 20%) according to symptomatic classification, and by pharmacotherapeutic category those concerning cardiovascular agents, antibiotic preparations, agents affecting central nervous system and antitumor agents were rated high. From the analysis of survey procedures, it was found that the inquiries classified as Step I was less than 30% and most inquiries were classified as Step II or Step III. Thus, an accumulation of detailed information and an adequate judgment are required for DI activity.
We think that 3-step procedure for classification of inquiries used in the present analysis is a useful indicator to show depth of information and difficulty of answers.

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The number of prescriptions which may influence the sum spent on medicines was statistically analyzed on the basis of the past 10-year survey. The influence rate (in terms of a square number of correlation coefficient) of the number of prescriptions was 87.0%, which was thought high enough.
Each sum spent on medicines classified by their efficacy was examined according to ABC analysis method on the basis of a 2-year survey. Further, equality of share was examined according to Lorenz Curve and Gini coefficient. Gini coefficients showing the rate of inequality were 0.33 and 0.31, respectively. This indicates that the shares of the classified medicines at our hospital were comparatively inequal.

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