The multi-drug administration in our hospital was studied on the basis of the survaillance of prescriptions.The elderly patients tended to be prescribed the multi-drugs in a single dose. One of the prescriptions which included 12 pharmaceuticals in a single dose was selected, in which Tarivid, Polaramine, Ursosan, Pydoxal, Loxonin, Gaster, Adalat-L, Alfarol, Salazopyrin, Nadic, PL granules and Mucosolvan were described.Dissolution tests of ofloxacin from Tarivid at pH 1.2 or pH 6.8 were performed with or without the co-existence of other drugs.The dissolution of ofloxacin from the tablet was inhibited up to 77.7% at pH 6.8 in the co-existence of other 11 drugs.In the case of this patient, whose pH of inside stomack tends to be neutral with aging, the dissolution of ofloxacin from the tablet may not so be performed as to be found in young patients.
There were no indication of interference with other drugs described in the products information to inhibit the dissolution of ofloxacin from the tablet, but it was suggested that the excipients which were composed of magnesium stearate in Loxonin and Nadic, calcium citrate in Pydoxal and carboxymethylcellulose calcium in Nadic could interfere with the dissolution of ofloxacin.

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Clinical utility of fluorescence polarization immunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (m-FPIA) was investigated in the determination of whole blood ciclosporin (CYA) levels in partial liver transplant recipient.CYA levels determined by m-FPIA were almost identical with the values determined by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody (m-RIA), while they were 35% higher than the levels analyzed by HPLC.The values determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay with a polyclonal antibody (p-FPIA) were not correlated with CYA levels determined by m-FPIA.It was concluded that m-FPIA was accurate and precise method for determination of CYA levels, so that it was reliable and useful one.The most characteristic advantage of this method is that we can obtain the results within only 30 minutes after the blood was taken from patients.

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In the quality test of five brands of plane tablets containing 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 80mg of hoprim (TMP), their dissolution, weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration and hardness were studied.The complementary tristimulus colorimetry (CTS method) which has the advantage of simultaneous determination of two or three components, was applied to the analysis of SMX and TMP of dissolution test.In the CTS method, three wavelengths are settled on the absorption spectra in order to represent the character of components and the absorbances of pure compounds and their mixtures are measured at these wavelengths.
In the dissolution test using the 1st fluid of JP XI of disintegration test by paddle method, 100 rpm was used.Their weight variation was 0.48 to 1.07%, and disintegration time less than 6.72 min, which meet the JP XI requirements.The hardness of these studied tablets were found between 9.9 and 14.9 kg/cm².The content of SMX were 390.8 to 408.2 mg, and TMP 79.7 to 81.8 mg, by USP XXI requirement. Our results indicated that the determination and dissolution patterns of five SMX and TMP tablets were different, and the CTS method is useful in dissolution test of tablet containing two or three components.

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In order to protect dispensing error for outpatients, we constructed the on-lined automatic one-dose packaging system, and its merits in preparing medicines and using frequency were investigated.Dispensings using this on-lined system were about 16% of all administration and they were about 30% of all preparing tablets and capsules.
In this system, dispensing error hardly occurred, because it has functions which we could confirm the dispensing data and registrered at the pharmacy before sending the data to the packaging machine.By means of this system, the decrease of errors in dispensing tablets and capsules were more than 30%.From these results, it was indicated that the more this system was used the less errors in dispensing mediicnes were occurred.

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We investigated the sensitivity of clinical isolates of bacterial strains to antibiotics and the amount of antibiotics dispensed for inpatients in each ward of our hospital.In the surgery ward, Bacteroides sp., E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were frequently isolated, and cephem antibiotics and piperacillin sodium (PIPC) were mainly used, while many isolates were resistant to PIPC.In the neurosurgery ward, frequent isolates were S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, S.epidermidis. In the internal and cardiovascular medicine ward, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae and S.epidermidis were frequent isolates.In these wards, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and cephem antibiotics were mainly used, although most isolates of S.aureus were resistant to these drugs.In the urology ward, Enterococcus sp.and P.aeruginosa were fre quently isolated, whereas cephem antibiotics which were ineffective to these isolates were mainly used.The frequent isolates which were resistant to cephem drugs or IPM/CS probably resulted from the frequent use of these drugs.Considering the present results, choice of antibiotics should be more discussed.

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