Effect of humidity on hardness and disintegration time was examined on 25 kinds of uncoated tablets. Depending on the humidity in storage, hardness of the tablets changed in the following three patterns:(1) Larger in relative humidity (RH) of 30-50% than in drier state, but smaller in RH more than 75%.(2) No marked change in dry state and in RH up to 30-50%, but smaller in RH more than 75%.(3) Largest in dry state, and smaller as humidity increases.
Tablets were prevented from being moistened in low humidity, but not in high humidity. The effect of humidity on disintegration which occurred within one minute was, not noted, since the disintegration time was too short. The disintegration time was reduced in 1 of 5 kinds of tablets which disintegrated in 1-2 min, 1 of 4 in 2-3 min, all of 4 in 3-5 min, and 1 of 2 in 9-11 min.

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Statistical analysis of gustation in sensory evaluation was made for the preparation of syrup at hospital pharmacy. Ten each of male and female tasters were selected from among the persons trained for discrimination of sweetnessand viscosity of syrups. Viscosity was measured with Ubbelohde viscometer, and sweetness by tasters. Sweetness of a syrup judged by taste was varied by individual, indicating that the sensory evaluation depends upon the concentration of syrups. Sense of sweetness of a syrup in the fixed sweetness did not increase in parallel with viscosity, while difference of concentration was well discrimi nated by tasters.

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Arthritis induced in rats by a mycobacterial adjuvant has been usen for the comparative study of efficacy of calcium bucloxate (CB), phenylbutazone (PB), indomethacin (TM) and hydrocortisone (HC). The change in volume of hind-foot joint was measured with a glasscylinder after the arthritic syndrome has developed in the treated animals. On the 20th day of the experiment the arthritic tarsal joints were removed for histopathological study. CB showed strong inhibitory activity on inflammation at the first and second stages. The anti-arthritic effect of CB was better than that of CH and was equal to, or somewhat better than, that of PB. Better therapeutic effect was observed in the group administered 50 mg/kg of CB than in the animals given IM 1 mg/kg.

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A system was developed for effective collection and reference to the increasing information on adverse reactions to drugs used in the hospital. Adverse reaction data collected from the package inserts and those from other documents were fed separately to a computer and sorted out by name and therapeutic category of drugs-, after new or supplementary information Was added. The two groups of data were further processed for rapid referfence Id the information on adverse reactions such as frequency of occurrence, treatment and literature.

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The rate of monthly increase in number of prescriptions and amount of dispensing services was analyzed. The trend curve of prescriptions was drawn on the basis of monthly average which showed a gradual increase with time. Monthly variation sank below zero in January, February and April, and stood above zero in July, October and December. Irregular fluctuations were observed in number of prescriptions filled monthly. Original serial datal were considered to be affected by the trend curve and the monthly fluctuation.

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Hemolytic property of the solutions of various pH values and osmotic pressures were studied. Of these solutions and 280 commercial injections studied, those of pH under or above the range of 4.5-11.0 or the osmotic pressures under or above 0.5-5.0 generally showed hemolytic property. Hemolytic action of most of the commercial injections having low osmotic pressures was reduced or disappeared, when sodium chloride was added to the injections to prepare isotonic solutions. The same phenomenon was generally observed when the injections having the hemolytic effect were mixed with 0.5-3.0ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or with other injections. From these results, manufacture of safe commercial injections by the adjustment of osmotic pressure or the modification of dosage strength was required. Further, data for safe administration of intramuscular injections were obtained.

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In this experiment, the influence of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide on the absorption of minocycline (MC), cephalexin (CEX), chloramphenicol (CP) and ampicillin (AB-PC) from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration to humans and rabbits was investigated. Serum levels of the antibiotics were determined by thin layer horizontal diffusion method with Sarcina lutea PCI-1001 in the test on CP and Bacillus subtilis PCI-219 in others. The absorption of MC was apparently inhibited by the antacids administered simultaneously, but when MC was given 6 hours after the administration of the antacids, the decrease in the absorption was not seen. Even if CEX or CP was given simultaneously with the antacids, the absorption of the antibiotics was not inhibited at all, but the decrease in the absorption of AB-PC was apparently observed after the simultaneous administration of magnesium oxide.

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Seven multiple digestive enzyme preparations in capsule on the market (AC, SE, SV, ST, TE, BZ and PT) were compared with each other in their digestive enzyme activities. Amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase activities were measured in vitro at pH 5.0, 3.0 and 7.0, 7.0 and 4.0, respectively. Six of them were preparations consisting of the gastricsoluble part and the enteric-soluble one, and one preparation (SV) contained gastric-soluble powder only. PT provided strong activities of all of the above four kinds of enzymes, and AC showed the excellent amylase activity and strong lipase activity. BZ had relatively strong activities of the four enzymes except protease activity at pH 3.0. There were some products that showed comparatively low activities in general.

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The dissolution of the digestive enzymes was compared among seven commercial multiple digestive enzyme preparations in capsule (AC, SE, SV, ST, TE, BZ and PT). Activities of amylase (pH 5.0), protease (pH 3.0 and 7.0), lipase (pH 7.0) and cellulase (pH 4.0) in the seven preparations were measured in the solutions at pH 1.2, 3.0, 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5 at fixed intervals. Then, the dissolution curves of the enzymes were drawn. The results are summarized as follows: 1) In the solution at pH 1.2, cellulase of six of the preparations showed a weak activity, and the other enzymes became inactive. 2) In the solutions at pH 5.0 and 6.5, amylase in AC and PT and protease in TE and BZ showed strong and stable activity, and lipase activity of AC, PT and BZ was strong but unstable. 3) In the solutions at pH 3.0, 5.0 and 6.5, protease activity of PT and cellulase activity of PT and BZ were strong and stable. 4) Enteric coating of ST showed: the highest stability in acidic solution, followed by that of SE, TE, BZ, PT and AC, in that order. The enteric solubility was rated in the order of AC=PT, TE, BZ, SE and ST.

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The effect of irradiation on pyridoxal phosphate was examined, The aqueous solutions of pyridoxal phosphate at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 were decomposed by the light with wavelenth less than 480 nm, mainly 400 nm.

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Many digestive enzyme preparations are available on the market. Since none of the products shows the potency on the label or package insert, it is difficult to ascertain the specific properties from the content. In order to know the properties, the authors performed tests with regard to disintegration, weight variation and activation of four enzymes: glucoamylase, cellulase, protease and lipase. The products with the maximal potency indicated on the label or package insert contained a great amount of the intended enzyme constituent or had high potency. Some products, however, showed low potency in spite of high contents claimed. Enzyme content of each product is indicated by mg, and it is difficult to study the change in potency with time. From these facts, it is important that the potency be indicated for each product.

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Bactericidal activity of solutions of phenol, povidone Iodine benzethonium chloride and chlorhexidine, and saponated cresol solution on the following pathogenic microorganisms, all reserved or clinically isolated at the Department of Microbiology, Toho University School of Medicine, were studied in terms of phenol coefficient: Escherichia coli (10 strains), Klebsiella (10 strains), Serratia (15 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa melanin (10 strains), P. aeruginosa mucoid (6 strains).-Degrees of bactericidal activity of the solutions of phenol, povidone Iodine and saponated cresol solution showed a slight discrepancy by genus and and strains of the above microorganisms, while that of the solutions of benzethonium chloride chlorhexidine demonstrated a marked gaps between between the agents. Strains of P.aeruginosa were noted for considerable dispersion of phenol coefficient.

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