There are many factors affecting practicableness of powder preparations for dispensing, such as angle of repose, angle of spatula, compressibility, flocculation, uniformity, particle diameter, specific gravity and porosity. In this study, the practicableness of powders for dividing with Konishi's automatic powder divider or pile packer and for weighing was examined by sensory evaluation. It was found out that there is a significant relationship between practicableness for dispensing and the factors above mentioned. The practicableness was also studied in terms of the powder fluidity index of Ralph L. Carr. Dividing and folding services have become convenient with an introduction of imporved automatic dividers or change of dosage form from powder to granules or fine granules. But there are some problems in dispensing granules and fine granules. Fluidity and other properties concern directly not only with the practicableness for weighing but with mixing and dividing errors and practicablen

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Analyis was carried out on 6 brands of commercial injectable preparations combining glycyrrhizin, glycine and L-cysteine. Inassay, glycyrrhizin was measured by spectrophotometry, glycine by titrimetry and L-cysteine by colorimetry. The particlesin size of 2-60μ were divided into 6 grades and their number was measured. Molecular structureof the preparations was studied by Laser Raman method.
Results are as follows: 1) There was nosignificant difference in contents of glycrrhizin and glycine among the brands. 2) Remarkable shortage of L-cysteine was observed in 2 brands. 3) Significant differences in particle size were observed among the brands. 4) One of the brands showed a large signal around 1000cm^-1 in Laser Raman spectrum.

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Experiments were carried out for the evaluation of mixing properties of some lactose granules with fluidized bed, using powdered lactose, crystallline lactose, cornstarch, and synthetic aluminium silicate. Medicinal powders, group A, were labeled with radionuclide indium-llsm. Five kinds of preparations with different physical properties were used as medicinal lactose granules with fluidized bed, group B. Group A was mixed with B with use of YMQ-type dispensing mixer, 3 times for 5 sec each. A-B mixing ratio was 1: 4, 1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1 and 4: 1.
The results indicated that fluidized bed granulations with the following physical properties showed good mixing with medicinal powders: Apparent density 0.59g/cm³, angle of repose 38°, escapability 13%, degree of decrease in apparent specific volume 0.16. Distribution of particle size: 2.4%(>200 meshes), 26.6%(100-200 meshes), 33.8%(65-100 meshes), 33.1%(48-65 meshes), 4.2%(36-48 meshes).

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As a base of boric acid and zinc oxide ointment, white ointment was admitted to the Pharmacopoeia of Japan, Ninth Edition, to have replaced simple ointment. Major reason for the admission of white ointment is its excellent stability, though simple ointment has been highly estimated among many clinicians in such actions as prevention of drying of wounds, clearing of crust and facilitation of epidermis formation. In this study, the effect of boric acid and zinc oxide ointments having simple ointment as base was compared with that of the same agents with white ointment in the treatment of wounds in rabbits. As a result, the former products brought about more rapid healing, producing better healing ratio, histological findings and other records. Stability of boric acid and zinc oxide preparations having simple ointment base was studied in terms of peroxide value by allowing them to stand in cold place (below 5°) and at room temperature for about 100 days, respectively. The preparations stored in cold place proved stable with their peroxide value increased slightly.

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Pharmaceutical properties of 2 kinds of tablets and 3 kinds of capsules of anti-inflammatory enzyme preparations were compared. All preparations tested passed weight variation test and disintegration test (J. P. IX). In order to test the stability of enzyme in the, solutions of different pH, alkaline protease activity of each preparation was measured at 3 different pH values; 6.2, 7.2 and 8.0. In all preparations tested, the enzyme was more stable at pH 7.2 than at any other pH's. Acid resistance of films of 4 kinds (A, B, C and D) of enteric-coated tablets and granules was tested in accordance with disintegration test (J. P. IX). The enteric-coated films of 3 (A, B, C) of the 4 samples kept satisfactory acid resistance in the 1st fluid (J. P. IX), because maximum activity of enzyme dissolved from each preparation in the 2nd fluid (J. P. IX) was equal to the activity of optimal pH range of the enzyme. In consideration of the pH value in gastrointestinal tract, a pH shift test solution was prepared, and the activities of enzyme dissolved from each preparation into this solution were observed. The result was that the activity curves showed different pattern from each other and especially maximum activity of sample D decreased to the 40% level of that in optimal pH range. Enteric-coated enzyme preparations should, therefore, be perfectly coated with enteric-soluble materials and the pH shift test method in this test must be effective in a quality test of the preparations of such type.

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Dispensing error risk rate (D) tended to rise immediately after acceptance of interns and then decreased gradually thereafter. The period (days) of experience of pharmacists in dispensing was represented by Td (eg, Td=1 stands for November 1, 1967), and the period (days) of training of interns by Ti (eg, Ti=1 stands for the day of acceptance of interns). D showed highly reciprocal relationship with Ti in the presence of interns, and with Td even in the absence of interns. Therefore, dispensing training is one of the erroreliminating factors. On the basis of unusual data which stood outside of the 95% confidence limit of the regression line, it was found that the errors decreased on the last working day of the year and increased in medication for the year-end and New Year vacation. The regression coefficient in the presence of interns was about 3 times as high as the coefficient in the absence of interns.

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Stability of 4 commercial eye drop preparations mainly composed of dexamethasone or betamethasone packed in light-resistant pouches was investigated with Manasul Light which has a wavelength of 3, 650 Å. The method for the quantitative assay was based on the one reported from the manufacturers of eye drops to the Ministry of Health and Welfare. All the preparations kept in black pouches maintained pre-irradiation conditions; while among the products in orange pouches the content of main ingredients decreased in 1 preparation but the balance of ingredients showed no change in 3 preparations. All the preparations kept outside of the pouches were found to have reduced contents of their main ingredients.

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Recently dry syrups (DS) have widely been used as a dosage form of drugs such as antibiotics. Practically, DS preparations are taken in the form of aqueous solution or suspension. Few papers have been reported on the solubility of dry syrups, probably due to the products' specific physical properties. Although it usually takes a long time for the DS solution to be sedimented, the sedimentation capacity can be measured by means of clear boundaries shown by centrifugation between the solid phase and the liquid phase. Sedimentation capacity of DS was plotted on ordinate against concentrations on abscissa. Thus the concentration curve of the sedimentation capacity showing DS solubility was drawn.

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Compatibility of 10% pantethine injection (Pantosin in 2-ml ampule) with 103 kinds of commercial preparations which were frequently prescribed with pantethine injection in our hospital was examined in terms of changes in external appearance and in pH of the mixed solutions.
By thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemical change and residual pantethine were examined after standing for 24 hours. The results showed precipitation in 3 combinations, color change in 2, unknown spot on TLC in 1, and rapid decrease in volume of pantethine in glutathione preparations. These results suggested that careful attention should be paid to the above combinations. However, in all the remaining 95 combinations with other preparations, the external appearance, change of pH and decrease in pantethine volume were very small, indicating excellent stability.

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Drug dust rising from powder preparations while being weighed in the balance often poses question. Special care is required when the drug is powerful drug such as anticancer agent. Physicochemical test and dissolution test were conducted on 6 brands of anticancer agents in fine granule containing 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil so as to compare their equivalency and to observe the possible dispersion of drug dust. Physicochemical test was made with use of powder tester and dissolution test with sartorious solubility simulator. Test fluids used were 1st fluid (pH 1.2, J. P. IX), 2nd fluid (pH 7.5, J. P. IX) and water (pH 5.6). Results: 5 brands out of 6 proved to have dispersion rate of more than 30%, suggesting that a due care must be taken in their handling. In the dissolution test, no significant difference (not less than 5%) was observed among test fluids and brands.

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The structure of crystals which precipitated out from a mixed solution of Bisolvon Solutionand 1% Neodrin S Solution was identified as an intermolecular compound of bromhexine and saccharin by the analytical and spectra 1 (IR, MS) data as well as by the differential thermal analysis.

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