The Japanese Journal of Physiology
Print ISSN : 0021-521X
12 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 橋村 三郎
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 447-459
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. With the single Ranvier's node of frog and toad, the active response in potassium-rich media (nominated here as “K-excess action potential”) was studied.
    2. The active response in the potassium-rich media could be separated in two components with their difference in characters for the time course, refractory, dependence on sodium and potassium ions, sensitivity to cocaine, threshold membrane potential level for firing and the time course of reactivation.
    3. These two processes were the faster component and the slower one, and coincided with the sodium carrier system and potassium carrier system in the ionic theory, respectively.
    4. It was presented that both of sodium and potassium carrier system behaved similarly in many respects except the significantly slow time course of the latter.
    5. From the experimental facts it was concluded that these two components were mutually independent processes.
    6. Some results on the anodal break response were presented and the interpretation was made in the above stated conclusion.
    This work was supported partly by a grant from the Ministry of Education of Japan.
  • 藤下 成周
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 460-466_1
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    1 Iron ion was found in an apparently pure rhodopsin solution, which was extracted from the outersegments of rods of frog retinae.
    2. No demonstration was made of the existence of cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase in the outersegments of rods of frog retinae with Nadi and benzidine reagents respectively.
    3. The organo-iron compound contained in rhodopsin solution was differentiated from heme-proteins such as hemoglobin, cytochrome c and catalase, by a separation technique with a water-alcohol-chloroform mixture.
    4. A rhodopsin molecule seemed to contain at least one iron ion.
    5. Discussion was made of a possibility that the λmax at 500 mμ of the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin was attributable to iron ion.
    The author wishes to thank Prof. Y. HOSOYA and Prof. E. KIMURA for their helpful suggestions and criticism during in finishing the present study.
  • 吉村 寿人, 井上 太郎, 今井 雄介, 吉村 不二夫
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 467-483
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to clarify the secretory mechanism of water through the salivary gland, experiments were carried out, in association with electronmicroscopic observations, on the secretion of human parotid glands and the dog's submaxillary glands with pilocarpine or electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani. Results obtained are as follows:
    1. Electron microscopic observations were made with the dog's submaxillary gland before and after pilocarpine injection. After pilocarpine, the myoepithelium, presented a shape indicating its contraction wide clear spaces of dilated intercellular canaliculi were recognized between the myoepithelium and gland cell, as well as between the neighboring two gland cells, which are usually tightly attached at rest.
    2. The secretion pressure showed a sharp rise to a height of about 150 mmHg immediately after stimulation and fluctuated rhythmically at this level in the range of about 5 mmHg. The count of salivary drops increased parallel with the increase of secretion pressure.
    3. The salivogram was composed of two kinds of waves; i. e., a large negative wave which appeared immediately after the beginning of secretion, and small, rhythmical fluctuations with frequency of 17-20/min. The large negative potential, corresponding to the sharp rise of secretion pressure, is the so-called secretion potential, while the small waves of salivogram corresponding to small fiuctuations of secretion pressure, may be the myograp of the myoepithellup around the gland acinus.
    4. The small waves of salivogram increase their frequency and amplitude after the oxytocin administration, probably due to acceleration of myoepithelium contration.
    5. From the results of the present experiments together with those reported in the previous paper, the following hypothesis on the mechanism of salivary secretion was presented:
    The anion pump is located at the basement membrane of the salivary gland, and it is activated by pilocarpine or nervous stimulation, thus initiating a large negative secretion potential. The transport of anion is necessarily accompanied with cation transport and with osmosis of water in tissue fluid, thus producing the precursor saliva underneath the basement membrane. This precursor saliva, of which the salt composition resembles much tissue fluid, may be compressed by rhythmical contractions of the myoepithelium and forced out through intercellular spaces of gland cells into the acinus lumen and hence into the duct.A part of intracellular water which contains amylase and K in high concentrations is also forced out by this compression and is mixed with the extracellular fluid passed through intercellular space.
    6. By analysing the curves of amylase activity and K concentration in relation to the rate of salivary flow, the ratio of the amount of water passing through the intracellular compartment to that of the total saliva was calculated, under the postulation that saliva is composed of salt solutions originated from the intracellular and extracellular fluids in acinus, and it was found that the minimum ratio is about 19% and the maximum is 45% which corresponds to the rate of the intracellular water secreted at the minimum rate of salivary flow. Consequently, over half the amount of salivary water is produced by passing through the intercellular space.
    7. The precursor saliva produced in the terminal portion of the gland is subjected to the reabsorption of some part of salts and the secretion of bicarbonate, by passing through the striated part of the duct, thus forming the final saliva which is hypotonic and slightly alkaline. The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Dr. M. VISSCHER, chairman of the Travelling Mission of International Union of Physiological Sciences for his valuable suggestion.
  • 尾崎 俊行, 佐藤 謙助, 粟津 俊彦, 三村 珪一, 本多 夏生, 寺本 成美, 北島 和夫
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 484-493
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The microvibration or minor tremor (MT) on the body surface of man and rabbit was recorded under various physiological conditions. The electrocardiogram (EKG) or heart beat and sometimes electroencephalogram (EEG) were also traced simultaneously with the recording of MT to elucidate the physiological significance of the mechanism of the development of MT. In some cases, correlation and frequency analyses were performed on MT to obtain their average time-and frequency-patterns.
    In MT tracings under the relaxed condition, two groups of vibrations corresponding to the first and second heart beats or the R and T waves of EKG were observed. This synchronization was more evident in the crosscorrelogram of the heart beat or EKG and the MT than in the original MT tracing. In the autocorrelograms of MT, a damping of oscillation with a beat phenomenon was clearly shown.In the power spectra of the autocorrelograms, several peaks were recognized in the so-called alpha frequency which confirm the beat oscillation in the autocorrelograms.However, its frequency range was often broader than that of the alpha wave in EEG.
    Even when the radial pulse was suppressed by pressure on the upper arm, the two groups of main vibrations appeared which corresponded to the R and T waves of EKG.This finding suggests that these vibrations are not closely related with the pulse wave and/or other vibrations of the artery caused by the blood flow, but rather related to vibration of the body surface due to the heart beat.
    During sleep and in the awake state, in which the inhibition and acceleration of MT were observed respectively, the same correspondence between MT and EKG as that in the relaxed was also demonstrated.
    It was suggested from the above results that the regulating system of the heart beat in addition to so-called muscle tonus might also play an important role in the inhibition and acceleration of MT under various physiological conditions.
    A part of this (or rabbit) research reported in this document has been made possible through the support and sponsorship (DA-92-557-FEC-35764) of the U. S. Department of Army, through its Far East Research Office. The authors thank sincerely to Dr. Z. KIYASU, K. IBUKI and T. KIMURA for applying the computer MI-B.
  • 今村 護郎, 川村 浩
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 494-505
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 柘植 秀臣, 金山 行孝, 張 輝岳
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 506-521
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of central stimulation of the reticular formations at low intensity which does not induce overt somatic movement has been studied in relation to the food motor conditioned reflex, using the Skinner box for rats. Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation induced the previously elaborated conditioned reflex without introduction of the conditioned stimulus. The neural mechanism of this phenomenon has not been explained satisfactorily as yet, but it is suggested that it may be due to disinhibition.
    In the present experiment, furthermore, it was ascertained that stimulation of the reticular formations at low intensity possesses the character of conditioned stimulus by coupling with food, in either a positive or negative signal for food conditioned reflex, i. e., possibility of changing the signal meaning in the Pavlovian concept.Electrical stimulation which indicated a positive signal in the experimental box resulted in giving rise to a striking movement in the feeding cage, notwithstanding the fact that before coupling no change of behavior had been observed with the same intensity of stimulation. Therefore, it is suggested that the current view of neurophysiology of brain stem reticular formations which is regarded exclusively as the functioning of a diffuse non-specific activating system may be revised to certain extent.
  • 中山 沃
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 522-533
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to study the movements of the small intestine during transport of solid or fluid materials, the mechanogram, action potentials of the intestinal muscle and the outflow volume of perfusion fluid are recorded on the denervated jejunal loop in the dog anesthetized with urethan and morphine.
    1. When the bolus is inserted into the loop, the intestinal movements are abolished over 14cm anal to the bolus: The spike potentials decrease in number and amplitude or disappear completely, these responses continue until the bolus arrives at the recording point. On the other hand, the movements at the region oral to the bolus are accelerated remarkably, and the bolus is transported gradually anad on account of these. When the bolus reaches the recording point, the spike potentials are discharged continuously on the summated slow potentials over ten seconds and followed by the rhythmic discharges of the spike potentials are increased in rate with increase of the spike potentials in number.
    2. Since the excitation above and the inhibition below the bolus described above are abolished after applying 0.1% cocaine solution to the lumen to anesthetize the mucosa, it may be concluded that these responses are produced by the intrinsic mucosal reflex.
    The movements below the bolus are accelerated in a few cases. It shows that the strong contraction waves produced above the bolus propagate to the anal side predominating over the inhibitory state below the bolus.
    3. When the loop is perfused with the saline solution under the intraluminal pressure of about 10cm H2O, one descending wave produces one outflow of the fluid.When the saline solution is replaced by N/40 HCl-solution, the slow potentials are increased in rate, accompanying increase of the spike potentials in number and the lumen grows narrow, with consequent, remarkable decrease in the outflow volume.
    4. From these results it may be concluded that the intrinsic reflexes, especially the intrinsic mucosal reflex, play an important role in the transport of solid and fluid.
    The author is indebted to Prof.T.HUKUHARA for his advice and criticism.
  • 高橋 宏
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 534-544
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    The microsomal fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle was isolated and its ATPase activity was studied, in connection with the physiological function of the microsomes. The following results were obtained.
    1. From its enzymic properties, it was suggested that the microsomal ATPase is the same as the Kielley-Meyerhof one.
    2. The ATPase was activated by several long chain fatty acids, slightly affected by Na+or K+and not inhibited by ouabain.
    3. In the presence of oxalate, the extra splitting of ATP by the addition of Ca++was confirmed. The rate of ATP hydrolysis in the “extra-splitting phase” was decreased and the length of this phase was increased with increase in the amount of Ca++. The extra splitting of ATP was not affected by thepreincubation of the microsomes with ATP. The extra splitting of ATP was scarcely affected by caffeine and ouabain, while DNP modified remarkably this ATP splitting.
    The author wishes to express his thanks to Prof. Dr. T. NAGAI and Prof. Dr. E. MIYAZAKI for their support and encouragement throughout this investigation.
  • 高橋 日出彦, 臼田 貞夫, 江原 貞博
    1962 年 12 巻 5 号 p. 545-559
    発行日: 1962年
    公開日: 2011/06/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Co-treated or Ni-treated myelinated nerve fibres, the effect of various agents on the plateau of the action current was investigated.
    1. Lithium could effect as a substitute for sodium in these fibres, too. Complete replacement of sodium with lithium produced reversibly an increase in the rheobase and only a slight curtailment of the plateau.
    2. By replacement of NaCl with choline chloride, the plateau duration was curtailed. Spike height was reduced proportionally with the reduction in sodium concentration, while the curtailment of plateau duration was saturated under higher concentrated choline.
    3. By replacement of NaCl with sucrose, both the spike height and the plateau duration were diminished linearly with proportion to the logarithm of sodium concentration. The plateau duration was more sensitive to changes in sodium concentration than the spike height.
    4. Co or Ni ion counteracted the depolarizing action of potassium ion. High concentrated potassium prolonged the plateau duration without the depolarization. On the contrary, when it depolarized the nodal membrane, the plateau duration was curtailed. The reduction of potassium concentration did not cause any appreciable change in the plateau duration.
    5. The deficiency of calcium ion in the surrounding media produced decrease in the rheobase, reduction in the spike height and prolongation of the plateau duration. Co or Ni ion augmented the spike height diminished by Ca-deficiency and increased the lowered rheobase. The increase in Ca concentration curtailed the plateau duration.
    6. Narcotics, such as urethane or cocaine curtailed the plateau duration. As Co or Ni ion counteract the reducing effect of narcotics on the spike height, the curtailment sometimes occurred without appreciable change in the spike height under the action of their suitable concentrations.
    7. Catelectrotonus curtailed the plateau duration, increasing its slope. On the other hand, under anelectrotonus its slope became slower, but its duration was not changed.
    8. Brief inward current applied during the plateau abolished the portion of the action potential following the application at a certain strength in all-ornone manner. The threshold intensity depended mainly upon the relative position of the pulse on the action potential. Much stronger pulses were needed in the early stage of the plateau than in its later stage.
    9. During the relative refractory period, the spike height recovered as rapidly as in the normal fibre. However, the plateau duration did not completely recover until the end of the supernormal phase which became apparent after application of these metal ions.
    10. Some characters of the excitation mechanism of the nodal membrane were discussed briefly.
    This work was aided partly by grants from the Ministry of Education of Japan.
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