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25 巻, 4 号
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西島 好章, 酒井 豊1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 401-415
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーWithin and near the rostral half of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus of an unanesthetized chronic cat, properties of units which responded to stimulation of the ipsilateral upper canine tooth pulp were studied. In total 75 responsive units were recorded by 192 microelectrode penetrations.
Discharge patterns of these units to pulp stimulation were classified into 3 types: single spike response (4 units), short burst response (66 units) and prolonged response continuing up to several hundred msec (4 units). Spontaneous activities of one exceptional unit were depressed for 200-300 msec after pulp stimulation.
These units were scattered in the explored cortical area, indicating that the SII somatotopically organized area may also receive nociceptive inputs. Most of these units responded to some modalities of mechanical stimuli applied to various parts of the body surface including face and head. This result suggests that they may correspond to the neurons unspecific with regard to modality and place observed in the anesthetized cat.
Few units activated by pulp stimulation were encountered in the rostral portion of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus, where MELZACK and HAUGEN (1957) recorded the evoked potential by pulp stimulation.
Five tooth pulp-sensitive units which were excited only by pin pricks and/or firm pressure were encountered on the dorsal bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus, the non-somatotopically organized area of SII.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1557K) -
中島 祥夫1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 417-433
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーDischarges of single afferent fibers from the primary endings of the soleus muscle spindles were recorded from thin dorsal root filaments in cats anesthetized with urethane and chloralose. The distal cut end of the ventral root was split into fine filaments to obtain functionally single fusimotor fibers. The fusimotor fibers obtained in this study were of the static type. The soleus muscle was sinusoidally stretched at 70Hz with various amplitude concurrently with 100Hz electric stimulation of fusimotor fiber. The spindle afferent discharges were analysed by compiling inter-spike interval histograms and cross-correlograms between the afferent spikes and the stimulus pulses applied to the fusimotor fiber. The same analysis was also made between the afferent spikes and peak extensions of muscle yielded by vibratory stimulation.
One-third of the fusimotor fibers were capable of driving the spindle afferents. The driving by fusimotor stimulation was replaced by driving by muscle vibration of more than 10μm amplitude applied concurrently with fusimotor stimulation. The remaining two-thirds of the fusimotor fibers could not drive the spindle afferents. In this case, the driving by muscle vibration was obtained when vibration of more than 5μm amplitude was applied concurrently with fusimotor stimulation.
It was suggested that f simotor fibers which produced driving of the spindle afferents would terminate on nuclear chain fibers and those not producing driving on nuclear bag fibers, or the latter would terminate relatively distant from the primary ending as compared with the former.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2027K) -
望月 政司, 中島 進, 小山 富康1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 435-451
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThis method of system analysis is based on O2 and CO2 concentration curves obtained simultaneously from expired air during constant flow expiration. First, theoretical equations for alveolar O2 and CO2 curves were derived by using a simple gas exchange model. By substituting them with the measured data on alveolar gas concentrations and volume, such parameters as O2 uptake VO2, pulmonary blood flow Q and venous PCO2, were estimated. Expired air was continuously analyzed by means of a glow discharge gas analyzer and the alveolar gas volume was measured immediately after the gas analysis using a body plethysmograph. The estimated Q value showed a dispersion of about 14% average standard deviation in each subject, but other parameters showed no large variation. The average Q values of several measurements, however, corresponded with those obtained by an acetylene inhalation method. The VO2 also corresponded well with that measured by spirometry. This coinciding data seemed to reveal that the model was reasonable for the analysis. CO2 output, by virtue of the Haldane effect, was examined through the analyses in both normoxia and hypoxia in 9 normal subjects. No significant effect was observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1805K) -
高田 充, 伊東 啓八郎, 河村 洋二郎1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 453-465
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe synaptic linkage of jaw-opening muscle afferents with the retractive and the protrusive motoneurons (R-Mns and P-Mns) in the hypoglossal motor nucleus was explored in anesthetized cats. It was found that stimulation of low-threshold afferents arising in the jawopening muscles (m. mylohyoideus and m. digastricus) evoked IPSPs in both R-Mns and P-Mns with about 10 to 15msec latencies. By injecting Clions into R-Mns or P-Mns, the hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potentials evoked by jaw-opening muscle afferent impulses were reversed to depolarizing potentials. The lingual-IPSPs of hypoglossal motoneurons were concluded to be dependent on increase of Cl conductance.
Stimulation of low threshold lingual afferents evoked a reflex discharge in the retractive nerve fibers with a 6.0msec latency and in the protrusive nerve fibers with a 5.5msec latency. Inhibition of the linguohypoglossal reflex by stimulation of the jaw-opening muscle afferents was completely removed by an intravenous injection of strychnine (0.1mg/kg) or picrotoxin (6mg/kg).
It is concluded that the low threshold afferents arising in the jaw-opening muscles are connected to both R-Mns and P-Mns through inhibitory synapses via a polysynaptic pathway.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1390K) -
福田 康一郎1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 467-479
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe calcium content and inulin space of the atrial and ventricular muscle were determined in isolated perfused heart of the toad, bullfrog, guinea pig, rat, and cat. In all species studied, the total and “cellular” calcium content of the atrium were higher than those of the ventricle. A high calcium content of the atrial muscle was also observed in fresh unperfused hearts. The total calcium content of atrial and ventricular muscles increased when extracellular phosphate concentration was increased. When severe ventricular arrhythmia such as fibrillation occurred during perfusion, the total calcium content of the ventricle increased. The decay of tissue calcium content with calcium washout was examined in the toad, guinea pig, and rat heart. It was revealed that about 80 percent of total calcium existed as “exchangeable” calcium in both atrial and ventricular muscles.
When the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca] o) was altered in the toad, guinea pig, and rat heart preparation, the cellular calcium content of atrial muscle varied in proportion to [Ca] o whereas that of ventricular muscle remained fairly constant at a higher [Ca] o value. The development of contractile tension in the atrial and ventricular muscles at various [Ca]o values corresponded well to these changes in the cellular calcium content except for the rat ventricle in which the contractile tension was almost proportional to [Ca] o. The relationship between the development of contractile tension and the level of cellular calcium content or [Ca] o was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1544K) -
久保田 競1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 481-493
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーIn order to examine whether or not the single unit activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey activated during delayed-response task is involved in a delayed-alternation task, the same prefrontal single unit activities were recorded extracellularly using tungsten electrodes while the monkey was performing the two tasks alternatively. Visual signals were given to two different locations (left and right) as visual cues and response cues.
A total of 95 units were recorded. Two-thirds of them were activated during visual and response cue phases and were regarded as the visuokinetic units as defined in a previous paper (KUBOTA et al., 1974). Visuokinetic units with no different discharge rate between left and right trials of delayed-response did not show a difference in delayed-alternation. Visuokinetic units with a differential rate in delayed-response trials did not necessarily show a difference in delayed-alternation. Visuokinetic units with no spontaneous activity in the intertrial interval time were considered as the E unit activity of delayed-alternation in a previous paper (KUBOTA and NIKI, 1971). Remaining one-third of units were activated or depressed during visual cues or during response cues and their activities were not different from each other between two tasks. No differential activity was found which could be correlated to the alternative choice of the reward in delayed-alternation.
Discussions were made on possible mnemonic functions relevant to previous studies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1464K) -
竹田 公久1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 495-506
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe membrane site responsible for anomalous rectification was determined in frog sartorius muscle fibers. The total currentvoltage relation of glycerol-treated fibers which represents mainly the properties of the sarcolemma was linear for membrane potentials between about-90 and-50mV. Thus moderate depolarization-induced anomalous rectification in intact fibers represents a property of the sarcotubular system. The absence of slow hyperpolarization in glyceroltreated fibers was caused by the abolition of early conductance increase, and the sarcotubular system is responsible for the inward rectifier. Picrotoxin selectively inhibited both moderate depolarization-induced anomalous rectification and hyperpolarization-induced early conductance increase. This suggests that the same component in the sarcotubular system is responsible for these conductance changes. The inhibition with picrotoxin of moderate depolarization-induced anomalous rectification suggests the possibility that it is caused by an electrogenic effect rather than a decrease in K conductance. A sarcolemmal hyperpolarization-activated slow conductance increase was revealed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (967K) -
竹田 公久1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 507-513
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーTotal current-voltage relations were analyzed on nine glyceroltreated surface fibers of frog sartorius muscles in tetrodotoxin-containing isotonic normal Ringer solution. The results indicate that delayed rectification occurs in the sarcolemma on large depolarization and that delayed rectification is only partially inactivated during 1sec of depolarization and not converted into anomalous rectification. The time to peak, the time course of inactivation and the potassium activation potential determined in glycerol-treated fibers were comparable to those analyzed previously in intact fibers. The value of the conductance increase during delayed rectification in glycerol-treated fibers appeared to be smaller than that in intact fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (729K) -
竹田 公久1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 515-524
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe properties of the hyperpolarization-activated sarcolemmal slow conductance increase in frog sartorius muscle fibers have been investigated using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and propionate Ringer solution. More than 1sec was required for maximum activation of the sarcolemmal slow conductance increase. It is suggested that, although the sarcolemmal slow conductance increase was affected by deterioration, the conductance increase is not a direct product of deterioration but it represents a property of the sarcolemma which is encountered in physiological range. The sarcolemmal conductance increase was rather insensitive to the change in pH of Ringer solution. It is inferred that the absence of bellying in newly penetrated intact fibers at neutral and alkaline pHs is caused mainly by the shunting effect of large parallel conductance. Apparent augmentation with EDTA of the sarcolemmal conductance increase infers that Ca ions affect the conductance increase. The conductance increase occurred also in the EDTAcontaining, Cl-deficient solution. The sarcolemmal slow conductance increase has been compared with the change in Cl conductance reported by Hutter and Warner, and Warner.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (824K) -
小川 徳雄1975 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 525-536
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーSweat rates on the forearm and on the palm were simultaneously recorded by resistance hygrometry and the mode of sweating in these areas in response to thermal and non-thermal stimuli were compared with each other.
In Series A, periodic infrared irradiation (1min on, 1min off) was done to the back of the trunk, and reflex responses in sweat rate were recorded on both test areas. A high correlation was noted between the mean changes in the palmar sweat rate and those in the forearm one during the irradiation cycle in a majority of cases. However the magnitude of the sweat response was much less on the palm than on the forearm. These observations reveal that the central mechanism of palmar sweating may be affected to some extent by the thermoregulatory mechanism.
Series B was concerned with the pattern of response in forearm sweating to various non-thermal stimuli. Careful observations showed that the forearm sweating responded diversely to various mental stimuli, unlike the palmar sweating whose response was always an increase. Mental arithmetic, mental testing and physical exercise caused an immediate increase in the palmar sweating but often elicited a transient decrease in the forearm sweating, whereas pain, noise, and emotional stimuli consistently provoked an increase of sweating on the forearm as well as on the palm. These observations suggest that the activities of higher centers, presumably involving neocortex and limbic cortex, exert various influences on the central mechanisms of palmar and generalized sweating.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1344K)
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