巻号一覧
32 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
升田 吉雄, 吉田 明夫, 林 文明, 佐々木 健, 本田 良行1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 327-336
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe steady-state ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 7 assisted breath-hold divers (Funado) were compared with those in 7 normal sedentary controls.
Ventilatory response to hypercapnia was measured from the slope of the hyperoxic VN-PETCO2 line, where VN was normalized minute ventilation using the allometric coefficient and PETCO2 end-tidal PCO2. The slope of this line in the Funado (1.48±0.54 liters·min-1·Torr-1) was significantly less than in the control (2.70±1.08 liters·min-1·Torr-1)(p<0.025). On the other hand, hypoxic sensitivity estimated by hyperbolic and exponential mathematical equations was not found to be significantly different between the two groups, although estimated increments in ventilation using the hyperbolic equation exhibited significantly lower response in the Funado than in the control only when PETO2 decreased lower than 50 Torr (p<0.05).
These findings in the Funado were different from our previous observations obtained in unassisted breath-hold divers (Kachido), in whom no obvious attenuations in CO2sensitivity were seen. This difference was assumed to be derived from more hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions produced in the Funado than in the Kachido during diving activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (935K) -
森 滋夫, 榊原 学, 高林 彰, 高木 貞治, 御手洗 玄洋1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 337-349
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーIn order to assess the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on early cardiac responses, cardiac output during rest and work during acute and graded exposure to simulated altitudes of 3, 000, 4, 500, and 6, 000 m, was estimated in 18 healthy male volunteers by impedance cardiography. The subjects were divided into two groups; 6 who had worked mainly at a desk without any accompanying sports activities (Group A) and 12 who had trained daily for their overseas high-altitude expeditions (Group B). The cardiac output (CO) at rest while sitting, at 3, 000 m, showed a tendency toward a decrease for Group A, but not for Group B. At 4, 500 m, the CO change was not significant in Group A, but showed an increase in Group B. At 6, 000 m, the CO increase was about 30 % in both groups. The consistent increase of heart rate (HR) with altitude was accompanied by a reduction of the stroke volume (SV), the remaining CO change being relatively small. The above discrepancy in the CO change at lower altitudes may represent a difference in sensitivity to hypoxia between the groups and may partly clarify the previous disagreement concerning the resting cardiac function at altitude.
A moderate workload at 0 m was still moderate at 3, 000 m, where the moderate HR acceleration was well compensated for a reduction in SV leaving CO unchanged, but the exercise was almost at its maximum at 4, 500 m, since HR approached a ceiling level (150-160 beats/min) which was attained at 6, 000 m and CO increased remarkably.
Of 2 male volunteers (Group C) who slept overnight at 4, 500 m, one showed a depression pattern in CO similar to 0-m sleep, while the other did not. In this CO reduction, the SV change was the determining factor as indicated previously for a 3, 500-m sleep.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1387K) -
岡田 淳一, 三浦 光彦1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 351-361
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーUsing the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique, the central origin of efferent fibers in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) was examined in the cat.
To avoid false labeling due to uptake from the nerve endings in the adjacent tissues of the CSN, the critical amount of HRP was sought, which was estimated at 0.5 mg. Applying 0.5 mg of HRP to the central cut end of the CSN, many labeled cells were found in the petrosal ganglion, but no labeled cells were found in the central structure. The findings of this study indicate that the origin of the most efferent fibers in the CSN is not in the central structure, but that it may be in the extracranial part of the glossopharyngeal nerve.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4546K) -
末広 茂文, 岡田 芳和, 二宮 石雄1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 363-376
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThis study was undertaken to scrutinize the difference in the response of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) and renal nerve activity (RNA) to coronary artery occlusion. The magnitudes and time courses of per cent changes in CSNA and RNA, recorded simultaneously in 22 dogs, were compared with each other during a 1 min occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery under four different conditions. With afferent nerve intact, changes in CSNA and RNA showed similar biphasic patterns comprising initial increases (CSNA, 9±3.1 %(S.E.); RNA, 16±6.4 %, at 20 sec of occlusion) and subsequent decreases (CSNA, -3±4.3 %; RNA, -11±6.5 %, at 60 sec), despite the progressive fall in arterial pressure (from 109±4 to 89±4 mmHg). After carotid sinus denervation, the initial increases in both nerve activities were reduced and the subsequent decreases became more evident. The decreases in RNA (-47±8.0 %) were significantly greater than those in CSNA (-23±5.6 %). After bilateral cervical vagotomy, changes in both CSNA and RNA showed in contrast similar monophasic increasing patterns (CSNA, 18±4.0 %; RNA, 25±5.6 %, at 60 sec), where RNA increased more than did CSNA. After carotid sinus and vagoaortic denervation, CSNA and RNA increased only slightly throughout the occlusion. These results conclusively indicate that the reflex responses in CSNA and RNA during coronary occlusion are quantitatively different, though qualitatively similar, and that RNA is inhibited significantly more than CSNA by the reflex mediated through the afferent vagal nerves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1513K) -
土居 勝彦, 黒島 晨汎1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 377-385
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーHeat production after injection of glucagon and norepinephrine was measured in warm- and cold-acclimated mice. Glucagon and norepinephrine in a dose of 100 μg/ 100 g caused a marked increase in oxygen consumption. Heat production after administration of glucagon and norepinephrine was significantly potentiated by cold acclimation. A significant positive correlation was observed between the increase in oxygen consumption after injection of glucagon or norepinephrine and the weight of brown adipose tissue in warm- and cold-acclimated mice. These findings indicate that glucagon is a calorigenic hormone in mice and its effect is potentiated by cold acclimation possibly due to an activation of thermogenic mechanism (s) in brown adipose tissue.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (933K) -
福田 康一郎, 本田 良行1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 387-398
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーRespiratory neural activities were recorded from the efferent vagal (superior laryngeal (Xsl)), hypoglossal (XII), and phrenic nerves in spontaneously breathing rats anesthetized with halothane. The onset of inspiratory discharges in the cranial nerves was slightly earlier (5-60 msec) but more gradual than that of phrenic bursts. When the anesthesia was deepened by increasing the concentration of halothane or by injection of pentobarbital, inspiratory discharges in the three nerves were well maintained although there was a progressive decrease in respiratory frequency and a prolongation of the delay from the start of Xsl or XII inspiratory activities to the onset of phrenic bursts. Inhalation of CO2 increased respiratory frequency and augmented the peak phrenic activity whereas the peak inspiratory activities in the cranial nerves remained unchanged under elevated end-tidal PCO2. Both in deeper anesthesia and in hypercapnia, changes in respiratory frequency were due mainly to alterations in the duration of expiration. The results indicated that in the rat, 1) overall inspiratory activities in various nerves innervating the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles in the upper airway are quite resistant to depressing actions of halothane or halothane-pentobarbital anesthesia, although the mechanism controlling respiratory frequency is strongly affected, and 2) excitatory signals elicited by an elevated PCO2, via respiratory chemosensors preferentially augment inspiratory activities in the phrenic nerve. Factors influencing the temporal difference in the onset of inspiratory activities in the cranial and phrenic nerves are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1158K) -
楊 雄里, 田内 雅規, 金子 章道1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 399-420
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe types of photoreceptors converging onto L-type external horizontal cells (LEHCs) were identified, and their interactions studied, by analyzing responses recorded intracellularly in live, immobilized goldfish under dark-adapted conditions. Our observations indicate that LEHCs receive inputs from red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones, in that:(1) the response waveform differed markedly when elicited by shorter (<550nm)-, as opposed to longer (>600nm)-, wavelength stimuli;(2) on plotting response amplitude vs. log stimulus intensity, the slope of the curves increased as the stimulus wavelengths were decreased, when the amplitude was measured at times >100 msec after the onset of the flash;(3) the spectral sensitivity of LEHC responses, measured at times >100 msec after stimulus onset, was intermediate between those of red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive cones ; and (4) the amplitude of responses to flashes of mixed wavelengths differed from those predicted by the principle of univariance.
When brief, red (706 nm) flashes were presented simultaneously with, or within 600 msec after brief, green (502 nm) flashes, the amplitudes of LEHC responses were significantly larger than predicted from linear summation of red and green inputs.
Our observations thus indicate not only that red-sensitive and greensensitive cones converge on the LEHC, but in addition, that their inputs interact to enhance LEHC responses. The enhancement might occur, at least in part, presynaptically.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2313K) -
宮田 啓史, 川口 三郎, 鮫島 章郎, 山本 哲朗1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 421-429
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーPostnatal development of the auditory evoked cortical response was investigated in the cat by laminar field potential analysis. Responses were induced by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nuclear complex and by sonic stimulation under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. As is well known, the auditory evoked cortical response in adult cats is a diphasic positive-negative wave in the superficial cortical layers and a negative-positive wave in the deeper cortical layers. By contrast, the cortical response in neonatal kittens was a monophasic negative wave in the superficial cortical layers and a positive wave in the deeper cortical layers (sN-dP wave). After 1 week, the sN-dP wave was preceded by a small wave which was positive in the superficial cortical layers and negative in the deeper cortical layers (sP-dN wave). As animals grew older, the sP-dN wave became dominant over the sN-dP wave to take an adultlike configuration of responses at 3 to 4 weeks of age. The sN-dP wave was separable from the preceding sP-dN wave by double shock stimulation at a certain time interval. Therefore, these two wave components are presumably mediated by two different types of thalamocortical projections. The level of potential reversal in each wave component shifted from the deeper cortical layers to the more superficial cortical layers during maturation. The latency of the response decreased sharply from 44 msec at birth to 11 msec by 3 weeks, and thereafter gradually to 5 msec in adulthood.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K) -
Mao-Tsun LIN, Bal-Ling TSAY, Fen-Fen CHEN1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 431-442
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe cardiovascular responses to intravenous doses of epinephrine were assessed in sham-operated, substantia nigra (SN)-lesioned, and SN-stimulated rats under urethane anesthesia. Activation of nigrostriatal dopamine pathways with SN stimulation, although showing no alteration in the epinephrine-induced hypertension, did produce a significant enhancement in reflex bradycardia compared to the controls. In contrast, inhibiting nigrostriatal dopamine pathways with SN lesions led to a significant reduction in the epinephrine-induced bradycardia. Furthermore, local injection of a dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine into the caudate-putamen complex (CP) facilitated reflex bradycardia, while intra-CP injection of dopamine antagonists such as haloperidol and pimozide inhibited it. Moreover, the enhancement in the reflex bradycardia induced by intra-CP administration of apomorphine could readily be abolished by pretreatment with intra-CP administration of either haloperidol or pimozide. Therefore, the present data indicate that a dopaminergic synapse occurs within the caudate-putamen complex which mediates reflex bradycardia in the rat.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1261K) -
諏訪 邦夫, 田上 恵1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 443-451
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーWe determined the ventilatory volume and pressure required to maintain a Paco2, of 40 mmHg in dogs at between 0.5 and 16 Hz. The ventilator used was that incorporating a powerful, specially made loudspeaker to which a sine-wave signal was introduced. A windmill-type flowmeter measured the minute volume. The tidal volume, expressed per kg of body weight, was 16.1 at 0.5 Hz, decreasing linearly with log f, and reaching a value of 6.1 ml/kg at 16 Hz. The minute volume increased 10 times from 0.5 to 16 Hz. The intratracheal pressure was 12 to 13 cmH2O between 0.5 and 2 Hz, rising to 16 at 4 Hz and finally reaching 77.2 cmH2O at 16 Hz. The PaO2 values were always above 500 mmHg when FIO2, was 1.0. The frequency-impedance data were analyzed for R, I, and C values. The fitting of the data to an R-I-C series model was good, but the R values obtained were considerably higher than those reported using a smaller amplitude of oscillation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (824K) -
升田 吉雄, 奥井 勝二, 福田 康一郎1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 453-457
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーFine spontaneous contractions of the vascular wall were recorded from the isolated carotid artery of the rat. The amplitude and/or frequency of these fine contractions decreased in lower temperature and increased by norepinephrine. It was suggested that there is an important relationship between these fine contractions and vascular “tone” of the artery.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (421K) -
佐藤 俊英, 杉本 久美子, 岡田 幸雄1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 459-462
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーRemoval of Na+ and/or Ca2+ from a normal interstitial fluid results in a remarkable decrease of receptor potential amplitudes in a taste cell for salt stimuli. This suggests that the salt-induced receptor potential is strongly related to an increase in the permeability of the taste cell membrane to Na+ and Ca2+.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
安藤 啓司1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 463-467
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーRecordings of b-wave and ganglion cell activities were made in order to investigate whether hypersensitivity could be observed in the proximal region of the frog retina or not. Increase in the amplitude of the b-wave and shortening of the response latency of ganglion cells were observed after the termination of adequate adapting light illumination, suggesting the existence of hypersensitivity in proximal elements of the retina.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (479K) -
高野 成子1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 469-473
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーBy reanalyzing our previous study (TAKANO et al., 1981) of resting ventilation and PACO2 during the menstrual cycle of eight healthy women, we found that relative to the follicular phase, a 9.4% increase in VA (p<0.05) and a 2.5 mmHg decrease in PACO2 (p<0.001) occurring during the luteal phase, both of which have been reported previously, were attributable mostly to a decrease in VD (-7.2%, 0.05<p<0.1) but not to an increase in VE (+1.9%, N.S.), the latter two changes producing an 8.7% decrease in VD/VT (p<0.01).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (590K) -
吉岡 利忠1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 475-479
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe width of the junctional gap between the cytoplasmic leaflets of the transverse tubule (TT) and the terminal cisterna (TC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was measured at various sarcomere lengths (SL). In spite of extreme stretching, when the overlap of thick and thin filaments was lost, the width of the junctional gap remained constant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4138K) -
三枝木 泰丈, 柴田 利満1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 481-485
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーThe transient length response of the cat papillary muscle in Ba2+-contracture to stepwise tension reduction was found to consist of four different phases. This result is discussed in relation to the transient tension response of the same preparation observed in the previous length-clamp experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (491K) -
林 正男, 永坂 鉄夫1982 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 487-491
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2011/06/07
ジャーナル フリーIn contrast to the decreased metabolism in non-hypoxiaacclimated (CT) rats, acute hypoxia (9.5 % O2) did not change the resting metabolism in hypoxia-acclimated (HX: 12 % O2 for 2 months) rats at 25°C. After β-adrenergic blockade, acute hypoxia greatly reduced the resting metabolism in HX rats. The calorigenic response to norepinephrine (0.4 mg·kg-1) during acute hypoxia was, however, identical with that observed in CT rats. These results suggest an enhanced β-adrenergic stimulation in HX rats during acute exposure to hypoxia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|