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Volume 53 (1987)
- Issue 5 Pages 577-
- Issue 4 Pages 449-
- Issue 3 Pages 275-
- Issue 2 Pages 141-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 53, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Kunihei KISHI1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 275-278
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Etsuji HAMAYA1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 279-281
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Tsutomu IIJIMA1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 282-284
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiroshi ISHIZAKI1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 285-287
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Yoshiaki CHIKUO1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 288
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Teruo SANO1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 289
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Takashi TSUGE1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 290
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Hiroyuki MUKOBATA, Takahito SUZUI, Kiyonobu NAHATA, Takashi YAMAMOTO1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 291-300
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report deals with morphological, physiological and pathological characteristics of Phytophthora sp. causing a new disease of tulip in Japan. The disease occurs most conspicuously in the field from late-April to mid-May after rain. On the young plants, the symptoms appeared at the basal part of the plants to whole plants within four or five days. In adult plants, the first leaf axil and stem were usually infected. The diseased stems changed to yellowish-white in color and shrunken. The infected bulbs showing the symptom of dry rot with black color could hardly be observed. The causal fungus was isolated and identified as Phytophthora cactorum Schröter, the pathogen of tulip blossom blight. The fungus was transmitted to the tulips via soil, but not by bulbs even if they were obtained from heavily infected plants. The fungus is pathogenic to the other bulbous plants such as Allium and Hyacinthus but not to Lilium.View full abstractDownload PDF (3441K) -
Masaharu NAKAYAMA, Mamoru HORIKOSHI, Kazuyuki MISE, Naoto YAMAOKA, Pyo ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 301-309
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe replication site of brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA was investigated in BMV-infected barley cells. Subcellular fractions were separated from protoplast lysates by differential centrifugations and Percoll gradient centrifugation. The activity of RNA synthesis was assayed in the each fraction in the presence of actinomycin D. The RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity was detected in a purified chloroplast fraction and the activity per chlorophyll increased with purification of chloroplasts. The existence of RNAs hybridized with cDNA of BMV RNA was detected in the purified chloroplasts in the dot blot assay. Replicative forms were synthesized in the in vitro RNA synthesis system adding chloroplasts isolated from BMV-infected cells instead of enzyme fraction. By the microautoradiographic observation, the silver grains were observed on the thylakoid when the purified chloroplasts isolated from BMV-infected cells were added to the reaction mixture and incubated in the presence of actinomycin D and 3H-UTP. These results strongly suggested that at least BMV RNA can replicate in chloroplasts of BMV-infected barley cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (3145K) -
Kohei TOMIYAMA, Hisashi OKAMOTO, Kiyoshi KATOU1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 310-322
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSlicing of potato shoot tissue depolarized very soon (possibly almost instataneously) the membrane electropotential (Em) of their cells. Once depolarized Em (about -70--80mV at first) was, however, restored and repolarized up to about -120mV in average in the first several or 1-1.5hr, when measured by inserting microelectrode into the cut surface cell or into inner cell of slice tissue, respectively. This transient depolarization and restoration of Em was mostly due to change of the respiration dependent component (Ep) of Em, which decreased at first and then increased in absolute value. The passive component (Ed) of Em was almost constant (measured with surface cells) or slightly decreased (measured with inner tissue cells) in its absolute value. Several hr after slicing, Ed began to increase in its absolute value up to nearly about -100mV within a day, while Ep, instead, decreased again, resulting in maintenance of nearly constant level of Em with small fluctuations (about -120--130mV for at least one day). The time when Ed began to increase coincided with the time of initiation of wound-responding physiological processes which need precedent activation of genetic system and protein svnthesis. The time when the hypersensitivity potential of potato slice against the infection by an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans began to rise after slicing, also coincided with this time. The electrophysiological response of potato cell to infection by the incompatible race was roughly classified into rapid and slow types response. In both types, absolute value of Ed began to decrease almost simultaneously with the penetration by the parasite and continued to decrease to -56--57mV in average. The rapid and slow types differed in the response of Ep to the infection. In the rapid response, the infection had little effect on Ep at first, but later gradually decreased its absolute value. In the slow type, Ep increased at first (later decreased) and appeared to compensate the decrease in Ed, resulting in slowing down of depolarization of Em. Electric coupling between a cell infected by the incompatible race and adjacent uninfected cells appeared to be shut off in early stage of infection. The results suggested that plasmodesmata between the infected cell and its adjacent uninfected tissue might be shut off in early stage of infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
I Effect of Nitrate Nitrogen on Disease OutbreakKazutaka AKASHI, Kaname MAEDA, Akira OGOSHI1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 323-328
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was recognized from surveys in 30 fields around Sapporo city that soil pH values were neutral (6.5-7.5) and nitrate nitrogen was deficient (less than 50ppm) in fields where Aphanomyces root rot of spinach was severe.
The effects of applied nitrate nitrogen and decreased pH on the root rot severity were examined. Disease severity was remarkably decreased at more than ca. 200ppm of nitrate nitrogen in soil solution. The effect of soil pH on the severity was not significant at high inoculum potential. It was elucidated from these results that nitrate nitrogen is more closely related to the outbreak than soil pH, and the severe outbreak occurs when nitrate nitrogen is deficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
(II) Effect of Nitrate on Zoospore Infection and Its MechanismsKazutaka AKASHI, Takahito SUZUI, Akira OGOSHI1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 329-334
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were undertaken to elucidate the cause of reduction of spinach root rot by nitrate nitrogen application. It was confirmed in vitro that nitrate as Ca(NO3)2⋅4H2O has an effect on the inoculum potential of the pathogen rather than on susceptibility of the host.
Accumulation of secondary zoospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides and infection of hypocotyls of host plants were observed in nitrate solutions at nitrogen levels of 0-200ppm, but not at levels of more than 300ppm. This phenomenon at high concentration of nitrate was the result of encystment and death of secondary zoospores. Inhibition of zoospore production from mycelia was also observed at high concentration of nitrate. Encystment and death at 0.75bar (N: ca. 300ppm) and 1.00bar (N: ca. 400ppm), respectively, were observed in nitrate solutions, but not in controls of sugar solutions, suggesting that nitrate toxicity is more closely responsible for the motility of secondary zoospores than increased osmotic pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
P. VENKATASUBBAIAH, Keisuke KOHMOTO, Hiroshi OTANI, Takashi HAMASAKI, ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 335-344
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral isolates of Stagonospora sacchari causing the leaf scorch disease of sugarcane were found to produce at least two phytotoxins (toxin I and II) in cultures as well as in spore-germinating fluids. Toxin I and II were isolated and chemically determined to be 6-methylsalicylic acid and (+)-epoxydon, respectively. Their threshold concentrations inducing leaf necrosis on susceptible cultivars of sugarcane were 30μg/ml for toxin I and 25μg/ml for toxin II, whereas resistant sugarcanes and many nonhost plants, except maize and sorghum, were more tolerant to the toxins. The toxins caused a rapid increase in loss of electrolytes from leaf tissues. Potassium was the prominent cation species in the leaked electrolytes. There were significant correlations between susceptibility to the leaf scorch and toxin sensitivity with toxin I and II among sugarcane cultivars examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
C.J. CHANG, C.E. YONCE1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 345-353
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolation of xylem-limited bacteria (XLB) on CS20 agar medium was used to assess bacterial survival in plum trees. Thirty to forty twigs were randomly sampled monthly from each of the three trees with plum leaf scald from October 1982 to October 1984. From December 1983 to May 1984, 16-24 roots were also sampled from three other trees and plated on CS20BN agar medium. Sap obtained by squeezing each surface-sterilized twig or root with pliers was immediately placed on the surface of CS20 or CS20BN agar. Plates were incubated at 30C and examined weekly with a microscope (50×) for bacterial colonies. Bacteria were isolated each month, except May 1983 and April 1984, from cultivar “Santa Rosa”; each month, except May 1983, February and April 1984, from cultivar “Burbank”; each month from July to December 1983 and August to October 1984 from cultivar “Ozark Premier”. XLB were isolated from root samples of each tree from November 1983 through May 1984. Results demonstrate that XLB can survive through winter at Byron, Georgia, and suggest that the XLB may be transmitted to healthy trees anytime vectors are present.View full abstractDownload PDF (2020K) -
C.J. CHANG, C.E. YONCE, D. GARDNER1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 354-359
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxytetracycline (OTC) suppressed leaf scald symptoms in plum following trunk injection. Tools required were a cordless drill, a 28/163cm drill bit, a hammer and J.J. Mauget's OTC capsules. Two injection schedules, one in late April or early May and the other in mid October, were selected for the best effect. Two capsules, each containing 0.16g of OTC in 4ml solution were injected into each tree each time and two capsules of carrier solution were injected in control trees. After the first, third, and fifth injection in April, 1984, May, 1985 and May, 1986, respectively, OTC caused 61.5-100%, 73.3-100%, and 76.9-100% symptoms suppression recorded in August, 1984, 1985, and 1986, respectively. In May, 1985, after the second injection was administered in October, 1984, treated trees showed much less twig dieback than control trees.View full abstractDownload PDF (1637K) -
Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 360-363
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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Production of Antibacterial Substance(s) by a Bacterial Strain, E-14, Isolated from Rice PhylloplaneKazuyuki HIRAYAE, Satoshi WAKIMOTO1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 364-367
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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1987 Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 368-436
Published: July 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
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