Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
Online ISSN : 1882-0484
Print ISSN : 0031-9473
ISSN-L : 0031-9473
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Volume 84, Issue 4
Remark on 100th of JJP Series 8
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Host recognition and infection mechanism by parasitic Orobanchaceae plants
    S. YOSHIDA, K. SHIRASU
    2018 Volume 84 Issue 4 Pages 267-274
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.84.267
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Striga spp. are noxious parasitic weeds that attack important crop species such as rice, maize and sorghum. Estimated yield losses can reach 1 billion US dollars annually. Striga belongs to the Orobanchaceae family, which contains approximately 90 genera of parasitic species. The degree of parasitism varied among species, from facultative parasites that can set seeds without host plants, to obligate holoparasites that cannot photosynthesize and thus completely depend on their hosts. The obligate parasites (e.g., Striga and Orobanche) germinate only when host plants are close by, via recognition of host-secreted strigolactones. The germinated parasitic plants develop an invasive haustorium on their roots. The haustoria penetrate host roots and establish vascular connections between hosts and parasites to absorb water and nutrients. Induction of haustorium is provoked by host-derived small compounds, named haustorium-inducing factors, including quinones and flavonoids. Diversity of germination stimulants and haustorium-inducing factors is likely to contribute to host recognition by parasitic plants. On the other hand, host plants respond to parasitic plants by activating plant immunity. This review focuses on the interaction between the parasites and their hosts.

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  • Distribution of Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis, causal fungi of wheat eyespot, their sensitivity to DMI fungicides, and control by DMIs in wheat fields of Hokkaido
    T. TAKEUCHI, A. SUMINO, F. TANAKA
    2018 Volume 84 Issue 4 Pages 275-281
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.84.275
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We collected 1017 and 1931 isolates of wheat eyespot pathogen from 555 fields in various regions of Hokkaido in 1989 and 1992, respectively. Of these, 52.3% in 1989 and 43.7% in 1992 were identified as Oculimacula acuformis based on mycelial growth and culture morphology. The others (47.7% in 1989 and 56.7% in 1992) were O. yallundae. The 2-year data showed that O. acuformis was widely distributed in Hokkaido and was the dominant species in the northern and eastern regions. The susceptibility of O. yallundae and O. acuformis to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides was tested. The EC50 values for propiconazole ranged from 0.16 to 0.32 ppm and 1.0 to 4.5 ppm, and those for prochloraz ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 ppm and 0.04 to 0.18 ppm in O. yallundae and O. acuformis, respectively. The 2-year results indicate that the susceptibility of O. acuformis to propiconazole was relatively low. Efficacy of propiconazole and prochloraz on wheat eyespot was investigated in the fields where the proportion of O. acuformis was different from 5.0 to 100%. Propiconazole was effective in the fields dominated by O. yallundae, whereas the effect was not observed in those dominated by O. acuformis. Prochloraz had a stable effect in all the fields tested.

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Disease Note
Feature article for 100th anniversary of Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
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