Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), which had been designed by Zung in 1965,was first translated into Japanese and fully studied by Fukuda in 1973. After statistical examination of the results, Fukuda concluded that SDS would be also useful for Japanese people.The author, translated SDS into Japanese by himself and has applied it, since 1970 at Toyosato Hospital to 54 out- and in-patients who were in neurotic and/or depressive state. As the result, it was found that the mean values of raw depressive score were almost identical to Fukuda's results in normal control subjects as well as in the patients mentioned above. Statistically no significant difference was found in the results between the author and Fukuda as far as the raw scores were concerned.The raw scores in the normal control group were significantly lower in both the author's and Fukuda's results as compared with those of Zung. A possible explanation of hte difference found in these normal subjects between U.S.A. and Japan, was made by the author exclusively from the transcultural viewpoint. He pointed out that the questions # 17 and # 20 in this scale were not adequate to the Japanese in detecting depressino and that these seemed to be a great difference between Japanese and Ameriacn with regard to their response to the wording such as "enjoy sex" and "suicide" due to their different backgrounds. Furth-ermore, after having madeseveral examinations of his results, the author considered that it was necessary to have a kind of reliability score in SDS such as was generally included in personality inventory.Thus the author concluded that, on the contrary to Fukuda's opinion, the current SDS seemed to be of little use for the Japanese and that a new Self-Rating Depressino Scale should be originated which was more fitting for the Japanese.

抄録全体を表示

300 mg of γ-Oryzanol a day was administered to 21 patients who complained of autonomic instability including gastrointestinal symptoms, and they were observed for 2 weeks.The results were as follow : 1) An improvement was observed in our subjects with regard to their gastrointestinal symptoms and other complaints. Particularly, in those patients whose symptoms were considered to be mild according to our check for autonomic functioning showed better improvement as compared with those whose symptoms were more serious.2) As for the effectiveness of γ-Oryzanol, our result showed that it was markedly effective in 8 cases, effective in 5 cases, slightly effective in 5 cases and non-effective in 3 cases, indicating that it was either markedly effective or effective in 62% of the subjects.3) In the total assessment, the effectiveness of γ-Oryzanol in the less seriously ill group was greater than that of more seriously ill group. γ-Oryzanol was more effective in the patients who were over 40 years old than those who were less than 40.4) No side effect was observed in any patient.

抄録全体を表示

As an attempt to analyze the side-effects of antianxiety drugs in various psychological functions, 20 mg of medazepam, 6 mg of diazepam and inactive placebo (luctose) were orally administered to ten male and female student subjects (paid volunteers). The author's discussion was concerned with the effects of these drugs upon self-rating for sleepiness and emotional-somatic condition as well as upon visual and visual-motor functions.In the self-rating scale, the degrees of sleepiness (1 scale) and emotinoal-somatic condition (10 scales) of the subject were measured according to 7 degrees of rating.Eight visual tests were given : (1) flicker, (2) figure-groudnd reversal, (3) digits recognition, (4) reaction time, (5) time estimation, (6) visibility of Landolt's ring. (7) tri-dimensional appearances in plane figure and (8) figure tracing.According to the results obtained, no statistically significant differences on these self-ratings and visual tests were shown between the two drugs with the exception of their reaction time.On the self-rating of emotional-somatic condition, it was found that the subject tended to be calm and loose in his emotional state and dull in his somatic condition, after administration of medazepam and diazepam (but statistically not significant).Reaction time increased after administration of medazepam and decreased after administration of diazepam under this condition. An interesting fact was that, in diazepam condition reaction time decreased to 100 msec. or less in many subjects.At present we are investigating the effect of dasage variation on reaction time, temporal change after drug administration on it, and so forth.

抄録全体を表示

Four studies were undertaken in order to test the hypothesee concerning the relationship of the definiteness of the body image boundary to the patterns of sensations from exterior and interior body regions. The boundary definiteness was measured by the barrier scores which is derived from the responses to inkblots.In Study I, subjects were asked to report body sensations occurring in two outer (skin, muscle) and two inner (heart, stomach) body sites during a five minute period. The barrier score was, as predicted, positively and significantly related to the excess of exterior over interior sensations.In Study II, subjects were also asked to report body sensations that occurred in two outer and two inner body sites in retrospective recall of a variety of emotional states. It was demonstrated that persons with high barrier scores showed the excess of exterior over interior body sensations in this retrospective situation, although these two were not proven to be statistically significant.In Study III, the barrier score was significantly related to the excess of exterior over interior symptoms or sensations experienced by subjects who swallowed a placebo, which was given as harmless drug with an explation that it would affect one's body in various ways.Study IV was based on the assuption that if selective perception of exterior versus interior body sensations occurs, chronically, there would be an equivalent selectivity in one's recall of a series of verbal references to exterior and interior body sensations which had been learned. As the result, a trend, though not statistically significant, was found that high-barrier persons were inclined to recall verbal references to exterior than interior body sensations.The over-all results indicated a spectrum of inter-relations between barrier score and body experience variables. They support that body image boundary definiteness leads to the shift of predominantly proprioceptive-enteroceptive cathexis toward sensoriperceptive cathexis of the periphery. This means that, in growing body image boundary definiteness, a progressive displacement of libido has to take place from the inside (particularly from the abdominal organ) to the periphery of the body.

抄録全体を表示

The patient was a 24 year-old female having hyperventilative attacks which were accompanied by arrhythmia. She was diagnosed as hyperventilation syndrome with premature beats which were precipitated by an emotional stress caused by the death of her lover.Her premature beats as well as hyperventilative attacks, were recorded under a stress interview.These results indicate that such an emotional stress could play an important role in the development to hyperventilative attacks with arrhythmia.

抄録全体を表示

A 42-year old man had a complaint of palpitation and was admitted to our hospital for the purpose of further examination with regard to labile hypertension.His blood pressure was high and it fluctuated on different days. He had no organic disease such as symptomatic hypertension and cardiac failure. In this patient, hyperresponsiveness to isoproterenolo as well marked positive response to beta-blocker were also observed. Therefore we diagnosed him as a hyperdynamic beta-adrenergic circulatory state.Before treatment vegetative dysfunction was observed in the microvibration record However, after the administration of propranolol, the abnormal microvibration pattern disappeared.

抄録全体を表示

わが国の心身医学の黎明期に, 一つの有力な方法として, 催眠法が注目され, 本法による特殊な意識状態に対して, 催眠性トランスという表現がよく用いられたものである。今日では, 催眠は, 心身医学の領域でも, しだいに忘れられつつあるが, 近年米国を中心にしてASC(altered state of consciousness)に関する科学的な研究が, しだいに活発化してきている。ASCというのは, 催眠性トランスのみでなく, 自律訓練法, TM(超越的瞑想), 禅やヨーガなどによる特殊な意識状態を包括する表現である。このASCが, 生理的なホメオスターシスや心理的なセルフ・コントロールの回復にもつ意味の大きいことが, 国際的に注目されるようになり, これが, 今日, 海外で禅やヨーガなどの東洋的なアプローチが, 人気をよんでいる主な理由でもある。この特別講演で, A.K. Tebecisは, 今日までに開発されているASCについての生理学的なデータを, 最新の知見を組み入れて, 手際よくまとめている。なにしろ, 人間の最高度の精神生理学的な営みを, 科学的に探ろうとするものであり, その方法は, きわめて限られたものであり, その研究成績も、きわめて初歩的な段階のものであることは, 彼が強調しているとおりである。とにかく, ASCのベースをなすものは, trophotropic(走養素性)と呼ばれる状態であり, これが, 心身両面でのホメオスターシスを促すものであることは, 諸種のデータによって, ほぼ類推されるところである。ところが, 自律訓練法, TM, 禅やヨーガにおけるASCの究極の姿として, "meditative concentration", "restful alterness", "relaxed awareness with steady responsiveness", "feeling of great bliss"などとよばれる状態は, 単なるtrophotropicな状態をこえたものである。ここにおいて, 人間のbodyとmindをこえた, フランクルなどのいうspiritとしての精神機能が発現することが, その道の専門家たちによって示唆されており, Tebecisも同じ意見のようである。そこで, 彼は本講演の結びの言葉として, 心身医学は, boryとmindだけでなく, spiritをも包括する学問でなければならないと提言している。しかも, このspiritは, 客体を分析するといった科学的アプローチによってではなく, 研究者が自ら主体的に体験することによってのみ, 真に理解されるものであると述べている。本稿は医学的療法としての自律訓練法と禅, ヨーガなどとの関連をふまえて, この種の療法の基本的メカニズムの理解を助け, 心身医学の研究に一つの新しい示唆を与えるものとして興味深い。Tebecisは, もともとオーストラリアのキャンベラ国立大学で脳の伝達物質の研究をしていた神経生理学者である。それがふとしたことから, ASCの研究に興味をいだくようになり, A. Mearesのすすめで, 九大心療内科に留学すること(日本学術振興会の交換研究員)になったものである。(九大 池見)

抄録全体を表示

われわれの見解では, 心身医学は他の医学分野における専門または専門に準ずる分野ではない。心身医学の臨床は, 伝統的な器官病因論的医学の道案内に従って行けば, それ自身の目標を見失ってしまう。他方において, 人々が自分たちがやっていることややっている方法に満足し切っているような, 伝統的な方法で構造化されている多くの病院においては, 不安が欠乏しているように思われる。こういった事情が続く限り, 改革への動機づけはほとんど期待できない。病院における心身医学を現行の器官中心的な目標や構造に従って組織化しないという決意は, われわれの見解では正しいものであることが証明されてきた。その代りにわれわれは, 心身医学的アプローチに則って, また基本的な精神分析的な概念の意味するものをつねにもち続けることに従って, 特異な臨床の分野の発展を促してきた。治療上のセッティングや病院の管理という一面を心身医学的療法の宣言された目的というもう一面に適合させることが達成されなければならない。心身医学の次元を十分に統合するためには, 治療的なニードに一致しないような伝統的に継承されたヒエラルキーの構造や, 主導的な権限は廃止されなければならない。最高度の権限は, 患者と彼の主治医が負わねばならないであろう。この両者は病院の保護された領域の中で出会うものであり, 両者は近代的な, 病院のもつあらゆるコンサルタントや, 補助的な機能を従来の方向に押し流されることなく, またそういった領域から否定的に妨げられることなく利用できることを知っている。しかしながら, なお多くのなすべきことが残されていることも明らかである。

抄録全体を表示