Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
Online ISSN : 2189-5996
Print ISSN : 0385-0307
ISSN-L : 0385-0307
Volume 37, Issue 5
Displaying 1-50 of 56 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages Cover1-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages Toc1-
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 308-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 308-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 310-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • J.Kirmayer Laurence, [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 311-319
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    Somatization refers to a process of expressing emotional or psychological distress through somatic symptoms. In psychiatric nosology, the somatoform disorders are characterized by medically unexplained somatic symptoms and may include many patients with functional somatic syndromes due to physiological disturbances. The cross-cultural applicability of the concept of somatization and its relationship to mood and anxiety disorders are discussed. In many cases somatic symptoms form parts of cultural "idioms of distress" ordinary ways of talking about the body and social problems that may not be pathological. When somatic symptoms intensify and persist, however, they become problems in their own right. An integrative model of persistent somatization is outlined in which constitutional, cognitive and social factors amplify bodily distress and lead to help-seeking and disability. Symptom attributions which are influenced by cognitive style, previous illness experience and cultural models of illness behavior and disease have been shown to contribute to somatization. Viewed in social and cultural context, somatic symptoms have multiple levels of potential meaning. This sociocultural perspective leads to innovative clinical strategies for alleviating somatic distress.
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  • Atsushi Fukao, Hajime Tamai, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Osamu Tsuchida, Sunao ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 321-326
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    In order to evaluate the gastric function of patient with eating disorder, serum concentrations of Group I pepsinogens (PG I ) and II (PG II ) have been measured by radioimmunoassays in patients with eating disorder. Forty-four female patients with eating disorder were studied. Twenty of them were patients with the restricting type of anorexia nervosa (AN-R) , fifteen were patients with the bulimic type of anorexia nervosa (AN-B) , and nine were patients with normal weight bulimia nervosa (BN) . Eleven healthy females were also studied as the control group. Serum PG I Ievels were significantly higher in groups AN-R, AN-B than those in groups BN, control and the serum PG I Ievels were also significantly higher in the group AN-B than those in the group ANR. Serum PG I Ievels in groups AN-R and AN-B decreased after treatment. Serum PG I /PG II ratios were inversly correlated with durations of illness in patients with eating disorder, particularly in BN. Although the results suggest the gastric hypersecretion in AN patients, this conclusion is not compatible with previous suggestions (McCallum W, et al) about gastric hypofunction in eating disorder patients. It may be consisted that there is another mechanism of high serum PG I Ievels in AN.
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  • Yoshimi Suzukamo, Hiroaki Kumano, Yuichi Yamauchi
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 327-336
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among type A behavior pattern job stress (defined by Karasek's D-C-S model) and life style, based on the hypothesis that the person with type A behavior pattern has an increased risk of mental and physical illness when they are under high j ob strain. Six hundred and forty-nine employees (442 men and 207 women) from 2 worksites answered "Job Content Questionnaire", "Maeda Type A Behavior Checklist", and questionnaires to answer the distorted life style (lack of exercise, alcohol abuse, smoking habit, and abnormal eating pattern) . The relationship between job stress and type A behavior pattern was examined by t-test and ANOVA. The causal model including demographic variables was tested by path analysis. Favorably, type A behavior score was positively related to activity level, but on the contrary, the score was also positively related to the level of job strain. Both the level of activity and job strain positively correlated with the distortion in life style. They also, however, correlated with the degree of desirable change in life style such as increased amount of exercise. Thus, high activity level and high j ob strain may both be regarded as stressors, and may bring about desirable coping -behavior at the same time. On the other hand, social support seemed to reduce j ob strain and increase the activity level. It was also indicated that social support from the supervisor differentially affected above factors as compared to the support from coworkers.
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  • Kenshi Kawahara, Haruyoshi Yamamoto, Shoichi Ebana, Kaname Tsukui, Ats ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 337-346
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    Psychological indices of 48 adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) subjects were compared among the groups classified by its severity, clinical course, differences of family history, and complication. First, the scores of psychological tests in all subjects were evaluated. Adult patients with AD had high anxiety, depressive mood, and neuroticism, consequently. Moreover, they had low self-efficacy and a tendency to overadaptation. Second, the 3 groups classified by its severity (mild, moderate, severe) were compared by using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). "A" (adult) score of Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) of the severe group was significantly lower than that of the mild group (p<0.05), so that reality testing of the severe group was more disturbed than that of the mild group. Moreover, the 3 groups classified by its clinical course (child onset type, temporarily remitted but exacerbated type, adult onset type) were also compared by using one way ANOVA "E" (musculoskeletal), "F" (skin), "I" (fatigue) , and "A〜L, total" (physical symptoms, total) scores of CMI (Cornell Medical Index) and state anxiety score of State-Trait Anxiety Inventry (STAl) the temporarily remitted but exacerbated type presented were significantly higher than those the other types did (p< 0.05) . We claimed that the temporarily remitted but exacerbated type has most psychosomatic complaints. On the other hand, the scores of many psychological items of patients accompanied with bronchial asthma (BA) and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) were evaluated. The results show that the scores of many psychological items of patients accompanied with AR were significantly higher than those of patients not accompanied. So that, physical and psychological symptoms patients accompanied with AR presented were greater. We concluded that it's important we take account of its severity, clinical course, and the presense of AR when we study and treat adult patients with AD.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 346-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Kayoko Takashima, Mitsuo Yatushi, Mariko Makino, Koji Ttsuboi, Sueharu ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 347-353
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    The purpose of this study is to validate and evaluate the sleep evaluation questionnaire developed by Parrot and Hindmarch. SEQ comprises 10 self-rating 100-mm-line analogue questions which are concerned with uarious aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour. SEQ is divided into 4 domains including GTS (The ease of getting to sleep. 3 questions.), QOS (The perceived quality of sleep. 2 questions.) , AFS (The ease of awakening from sleep. 2 questions.) and BFW (The integrity of behaviour following wakefulness. 3 questions.) In this study, we selected 313 healthy adult subjects and analysed them with varimax rotation. There exists positive correlation between GTS and QOS and also exists positive correlation between AFS and BFW. This is exactly the same as the result of Parrot and Hindmarch. The result suggests that translated version of SEQ will be reliable, valid and useful for assesing QOL in sleep condition.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 353-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Hideaki Itogawa, Yoshiro Ono, Fumio Yosimasu
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 355-361
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    To elucidate the factors affecting the outcome of patients with depression, we investigated the patients who had been treated in the general (non-closed) ward with special reference to the level of functioning 1 year after discharge. The subjects were 1 14 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for depressive disorders or bipolar disorder, depressed, admitted to the general ward of Wakayama Medical College Hospital from 1989 to 1993. According to the medical records, age, gender, occupation, history of past depressive episodes, physical complications, maximum daily dosage of antidepressants (imipramine equivalent), severity of the illness and length of hospitalization were recorded for each patient. The subjects were divided into four groups by the reason for a need of hospital care. The criteria of those groups were as follows : (1) group I : Iess improved or prolonged cases by the ordinary outpatient treatment, (2) group 2 : cases with difficulties in being quiet at home, (3) group 3 : cases with a need to unload stress related to job, and (4) group 4 : cases with a need to treat physical complication along with a treatment for depression. The outcome of the subjects at the time of discharge and the level of functioning at I year after discharge were judged as good, poor and drop-out. The result showed that 91.20% Of the subjects were improved at discharge but only 38.6% of the subjects remained to be on the good level of functioning at I year after discharge. No factors but the history of past depressive episode showed a significant relation to the poor outcome at I year after discharge. The length of hospitalization was variously related to the level of functioning after discharge depending on the reasons at hospitalization. That is, for the subjects in the group I who were less influenced by socio-environmental factors, the mean period spent in hospital of those who had a high level of functioning after discharge was significantly longer than those who had a poor level of functioning. Whereas, for the subjects in the groups 2 and 3 who were considerably influenced by socio-environmental factors, the mean length of hospital stay was not different between the subjects who had good or poor level of functioning after discharge. To elucidate the factors affecting the outcome of patients with depression, we investigated the patients who had been treated in the general (non-closed) ward with special reference to the level of functioning 1 year after discharge. The subjects were 1 14 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for depressive disorders or bipolar disorder, depressed, admitted to the general ward of Wakayama Medical College Hospital from 1989 to 1993. According to the medical records, age, gender, occupation, history of past depressive episodes, physical complications, maximum daily dosage of antidepressants (imipramine equivalent), severity of the illness and length of hospitalization were recorded for each patient. The subjects were divided into four groups by the reason for a need of hospital care. The criteria of those groups were as follows : (1) group I : Iess improved or prolonged cases by the ordinary outpatient treatment, (2) group 2 : cases with difficulties in being quiet at home, (3) group 3 : cases with a need to unload stress related to job, and (4) group 4 : cases with a need to treat physical complication along with a treatment for depression. The outcome of the subjects at the time of discharge and the level of functioning at I year after discharge were judged as good, poor and drop-out. The result showed that 91.20% Of the subjects were improved at discharge but only 38.6% of the subjects remained to be on the good level of functioning at I year after discharge. No factors but the history of past depressive episode showed a significant relation to the poor outcome at I year after discharge. The length of hospitalization was variously related to the level of functioning after discharge depending on the reason
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 361-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Koichi Kitami, Satoshi Okuse
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 363-369
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    We had recently reported 40 patients who were chronically annoyed with pain, together with analyses of their physical conditions and psychological backgrounds. They had been divided into 3 groups : namely those who found responsible organic lesions (group A) , those who had indifferent organic lesions (group B) and those who found no organic lesions (group O . Results had shown their neurotic tendencies and mostly poor rationalizations regardless of the existence of organic lesions. As an additional report, this study was undertaken to evaluate and compare relative benefits of various therapeutic methods (both physical and mental)which were actually performed in 37 chronic pain patients (average age : 42 years, mean pain duration : 27 months)between 1989 and 1995. Nerve blocks were the first choice for all patients in group A (11 patients) , spinal cord stimulation was added in 6 patients and neurosurgical procedures were performed in 3 patients as physical treatments. Psychological therapies of group A consisted of Balint therapy in 6 and Operant technique in 5 patients. In group B and C (26 patients) , physical managements were aimed at the regression of myofascial pains. Among each multimodal treatments, physical therapy was mainly performed in 9 patients, exercise quotas in 6,Iow power laser in 6,nerve blocks in 3 and medication only in 2 patients. Psychosomatic approaches of group B and C were as follows : behavioral therapy (combination of EMGbiofeedback and muscle relaxation technique) in 15 patients, Morita therapy for outpatient in 5,Balint therapy in 3 and Operant technique also in 3 patients. Evaluation period for the efficacy of these treatments was, on the average, 15 months. Four patients resulted in marked improvement, 20 patients in improvement, 8 patients in no improvement and 5 patients failed to complete their programs. These results suggested that multimodal therapies listed above, covered from physical to mental problems, have certain clinical good effects in the course of chronic pain patients, even if they have apparent organic causes or they have actual psychological problems with poor body findings. Non effective patients have revealed poor patient-therapist relationship which could be the cause of unsuccessfulness of these treatments.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 369-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • Sunao Matsubayashi, Yutaka Higashi, Susumu Koyama, Toshio Mukuta, Tets ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 371-376
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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    A 10-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa visited our outpatient clinic because of appetite loss, weight loss and headache. At the initial stage, her maladjustment to school life and/or a conflict with her brothers might cause her anorexia, and an over-interference from her mother with her eating might be a factor to prolong her anorexia. She was admitted to our hospital accompanied by her mother and received a tube feeding in order to restore her weight. Furthermore, her mother accepted a psychological education, particularly in relation to her interference with the daughter's eating. During 3 months of admission, She recovered her weight and became able to eat by herself. Then, she was discharged from the hospital : however, she was not able to go to school nor to eat. She was admitted to our hospital again, not accompanied by her mother this time, because her mother's interference might cause her symptoms, However, her symptoms did not improve. At this point of treatment, a family dinner session. originated by Minuchin, was applied. After that, she recovered her weight and, was discharged from our hospital, and since then she has been going to school. After the dinner session, she disclosed her family secret of her father's alcoholic problems. Sometimes therapeutic hypotheses set up by the physician might cause the prolongation of the disease and the opening of secret on the part of the patient might mean the working out a solution for his problems.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 377-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 377-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 377-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 378-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 378-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 378-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 378-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 379-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 379-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 379-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 379-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 379-380
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 380-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 380-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 380-381
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 381-
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 381-382
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 382-
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 383-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 383-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 383-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 383-384
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 384-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 384-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 384-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 384-385
    Published: June 01, 1997
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 385-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 385-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 385-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 385-386
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 386-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 386-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 386-
    Published: June 01, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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