The protozoa in samples of activated sludge were examined and results were as follows.
1) In the activated sludge specimens investigated 187 species of 85 genera and 3 subphyla were identified. The predominant protozoa were Peritrichida of the Ciliophora. The Peritrichida found constituted 61 species of 7 genera and 2 families, the genus Vorticella being predominant.
2) The Peritrichida appeared to be almost universally distributed but different genera and species were unique to different environments (water quality).
3) Different raw water (sewage) systems, and the compositions of the activated sludge protozoa-populations in different activated sludges showed unique relationships with the species of Peritrichida.
4) Based on the above results the Peritrichida could be used in indices of the nature of activated sludge, purity of sample and quality of water.