心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
86 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
原著論文
  • 木村 昌紀
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 91-101
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/05/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    How do people inferentially evaluate others’ levels of intimacy with friends? We examined the inferential evaluation of intimacy based on the observation of interpersonal communication. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 41) responded to questions after observing conversations between friends. Results indicated that participants inferentially evaluated not only goodness of communication, but also intimacy between friends, using an expressivity heuristic approach. In Experiment 2, we investigated how inferential evaluation of intimacy was affected by prior information about relationships and by individual differences in face-to-face interactional ability. Participants (N = 64) were divided into prior- and no-prior-information groups and all performed the same task as in Experiment 1. Additionally, their interactional ability was assessed. In the prior-information group, individual differences had no effect on inferential evaluation of intimacy. On the other hand, in the no-prior-information group, face-to-face interactional ability partially influenced evaluations of intimacy. Finally, we discuss the fact that to understand one’s social environment, it is important to observe others’ interpersonal communications.
  • 三浦 麻子, 小森 政嗣, 松村 真宏, 前田 和甫
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 102-111
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this article, we investigated the expression of emotional responses to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake by analyzing the frequency of negative emotional terms in tweets posted on Twitter, one of the most popular social media platforms. We focused on differences in time-series variations and diurnal changes between two kinds of disasters: natural disasters (earthquakes and tsunamis) and nuclear accidents. The number of tweets containing negative emotional responses increased sharply shortly after the first huge earthquake and decreased over time, whereas tweets about nuclear accidents showed no correlation with elapsed time. Expressions of anxiety about natural disasters had a circadian rhythm, with a peak at midnight, whereas expressions of anger about the nuclear accident were highly sensitive to critical events related to the accident. These findings were discussed in terms of similarities and differences compared to earlier studies on emotional responses in social media.
  • 今在 慶一朗
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 112-120
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The labor tribunal system, which is a form of alternative dispute resolution rather than a type of lawsuit, requires both parties’ agreements to settle disputes and maintains a high settlement rate. As most of parties involved in the system are said to expect that labor problems should be settled fairly, it is assumed that they will readily accept the results offair procedures. However, it seems that laborers who submit claims for compensation have a different concept of justice than employers or company employees in charge of settlements and this determines the attitudes toward the results. This study conducted a survey of participants in the labor tribunal system, and suggest that laborers attribute the validity of this system’s results directly to judges, while company representatives attribute it to the procedure conducted by the judges.
  • 上田 祥代, 薬師神 玲子, 石口 彰
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 121-131
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The responses of an information-processing system such as a computer contain noise. As this noise increases, the system becomes uncontrollable and the operator may be exposed to a significant risk. In this study, we investigated whether operators’ ability to perceive operation-response noise influenced the decision to stop the operation of the system under the condition in which the operation system became gradually uncontrollable. In Experiment 1, we examined the correlation between operators’ ability to discriminate the variance of operation-response noise and their performance in the stop-operation decision-making task. In Experiment 2, we trained a group of operators in variance discrimination task, and investigated the training effect on the performance in the stop-operation decision-making task. We demonstrated that the higher the operator’s ability to discriminate variance, the earlier they decide to stop the system operation. However, the ability to discriminate variance did not influence to other indices of this decision-making. These results indicate that sensitive perception of operation-response noise causes the earlier stop operation, but it is not sufficient to lead to optimal decision-making in this regard.
  • 藤井 勉, 上淵 寿, 山田 琴乃, 斎藤 将大, 伊藤 恵里子, 利根川 明子, 上淵 真理江
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 132-141
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purposes of the present study were (a) to use both a relational-anxiety Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT) and an avoidance-of-intimacy GNAT in order to assess an implicit Internal Working Model (IWM) of attachment; (b) to verify the effects of both measured implicit relational anxiety and implicit avoidance of intimacy on information processing. The implicit IWM measured by GNAT differed from the explicit IWM measured by questionnaires in terms of the effects on information processing. In particular, in subliminal priming tasks involving with others, implicit avoidance of intimacy predicted accelerated response times with negative stimulus words about attachment. Moreover, after subliminally priming stimulus words about self, implicit relational anxiety predicted delayed response times with negative stimulus words about attachment.
研究資料
  • 豊島 彩, 佐藤 眞一
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 142-149
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined whether preference for solitude promotes emotional well-being after controlling for the influence of loneliness. We administered a questionnaire that included variables regarding preference for solitude, loneliness, positive affect, and negative affect. The sample consisted of 318 young adult university students and 253 individuals aged 65 and older. The results showed a significant negative correlation between preference for solitude and positive affect; however there was no correlation between preference for solitude and negative affect. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed a negative effect of preference for solitude on negative affect after controlling for the influence of loneliness, and there was no effect on positive affect. The results of this study supported the hypothesis concerning the relationship between preference for solitude and negative affect, and demonstrated that preference for solitude decreased negative affect and promotes emotional well-being.
  • 児玉 真樹子
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 150-159
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The constructs of career resilience were clarified and a scale was developed to assess them. Company employees (N = 241) participated in an online survey. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure of career resilience with a high Cronbach’s alpha: (a) ability to cope with challenges, problem-solving, and adaptation; (b) social skills; (c) novelty and diversity of interests; (d) future orientation; and (e) helping. The results of a correlation analysis showed that all five factors of career resilience directly promoted career development. The results of a two-way analysis of variance and t-tests revealed that all factors except for novelty and diversity of interests reduced the negative effects of risk on career development. The results confirmed that career resilience consisted of four factors: (a) ability to cope with challenges, problem-solving, and adaptation; (b) socialskills; (d) futureorientation; and (e) helping.
  • 野崎 優樹, 子安 増生
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 160-169
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/05/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Emotional competence refers to individual differences in the ability to appropriately identify, understand, express, regulate, and utilize one’s own emotions and those of others. This study developed a Japanese version of a short form of the Profile of Emotional Competence, a measure that allows the comprehensive assessment of intra- and interpersonal emotional competence with shorter items, and investigated its reliability and validity. In Study 1, we selected items for a short version and compared it with the full scale in terms of scores, internal consistency, and validity. In Study 2, we examined the short form’s test-retest reliability. Results supported the original two-factor model and the measure had adequate reliability and validity. We discuss the construct validity and practical applicability of the short form of the Profile of Emotional Competence.
研究報告
  • 中山 留美子, 中西 良文, 長濱 文与, 中島 誠
    2015 年 86 巻 2 号 p. 170-176
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/06/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2015/05/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study examined the influence of interpersonal motivation on university adjustment in freshman students enrolled in a First Year Experience (FYE) class. An interpersonal motivation scale and a university adjustment (interpersonal adjustment and academic adjustment) scale were administered twice to 116 FYE students; data from the 88 students who completed both surveys were analyzed. Results from structural equation modeling indicated a causal relationship between interpersonal motivation and university adjustment: interpersonal adjustment served as a mediator between academic adjustment and interpersonal motivation, the latter of which was assessed using the internalized motivation subscale of the Interpersonal Motivation Scale as well as the Relative Autonomy Index, which measures the autonomy in students’ interpersonal attitudes. Thus, revising the FYE class curriculum to include approaches to lowering students’ feelings of obligation and/or anxiety in their interpersonal interactions might improve their adjustment to university.
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