心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
92 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
原著論文
  • 石川 遥至, 浮川 祐希, 野田 萌加, 越川 房子
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 227-236
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Focused-distraction (FD), which aims to interrupt negative thoughts, is a major coping strategy for depressive moods, but it may also function as maladaptive avoidance and prevent acknowledging problems. This study compared the effects of FD and dividing-attention distraction (DD), a strategy to think about a negative past event while engaging in distraction, on mood and thoughts about the event. Sixty-five students (undergraduates and graduates) ruminated about negative past events, followed by an 8-minute DD, FD, or no-task session, and then a 5-minute rest. After one week, students ruminated again. Participants’ moods and evaluations of negative events were measured after the initial rumination, task session, rest, and the second rumination. The FD group showed lower anxiety than other groups after each task but FD group participants with high-rumination levels showed higher tenseness than the no-task group after the second rumination. The rate of DD participants who reported non-negative thoughts after one week was higher than the FD group. These findings suggest that one’s attentional state while using distraction affects mood and attitude with respect to a negative memory.

  • 池上 真平, 佐藤 典子, 羽藤 律, 生駒 忍, 宮澤 史穂, 小西 潤子, 星野 悦子
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 237-247
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    電子付録

    Regardless of the time and location, people listen to music. One may ask why people listen to music and what function it serves. This study clarifies the psychological functions of listening to music and the attributes associated with the individual differences found in these functions. A total of 916 participants between the ages of 15 and 88 were asked to rate various psychological functions of music listening and Big Five traits. A factor analysis identified the seven factors of psychological functions of music listening: “self-awareness”, “emotion regulation”, “communication”, “tool”, “embodiment”, “social distance regulation”, and “solace”. The results revealed that the individual differences in the functions were the result of gender, age, and personality traits. The nature of these seven functions and future directions are discussed.

  • ──高校生を対象として──
    赤澤 淳子, 井ノ崎 敦子, 上野 淳子, 下村 淳子, 松並 知子
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 248-256
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Since dating violence may occur among high school students in Japan, it is urgent to develop a dating violence prevention program for them. This study developed a 50-minute primary prevention program against dating violence for high school students to learn conflict resolution skills without violence. The program consisted of lectures on “assertiveness” to be honest with self-expression, “perspective-taking” to think from partner’s point of view, and views on dating violence. The treatment group comprised 79 students, along with 71 students as the control group. The effects of the program were evaluated by pre-, post-, and 5-month follow-up surveys. Significant effects of the program were shown for the improvement and long-term retention of the sense of violence and short-term improvement of assertive relationship formation. However, the program did not significantly affect assertive persuasion-negotiation and improvement in perspective-taking. It is expected that the positive effects of the program on the sense of violence will be shown to persist, and we intend to improve the program to promote the retention of improvements in long-term assertive relationship formation.

  • 外山 美樹, 長峯 聖人, 海沼 亮, 湯 立, 三和 秀平, 相川 充
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 257-266
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    電子付録

    This study examined the effects of need-supporting behaviors (autonomy/relatedness support) and regulatory foci (promotion/prevention focus) on task engagement and performance. We predicted that promotion concerns would fit autonomy support, whereas prevention concerns would fit relatedness support, and both concerns would result in a higher quality of engagement and performance. College students (N = 64) participated in an experiment and were assessed for individual differences in regulatory orientation. Then, the need-supporting behavior was manipulated, task learning was performed, and the engagement and performance for task learning were measured. The results largely confirmed the fit between promotion focus and autonomy support, and prevention focus and relatedness support on engagement. We have discussed why certain hypotheses were not supported and offered specific suggestions for future research.

研究資料
  • 藤後 悦子, 大橋 恵, 井梅 由美子
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 267-277
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present study developed a scale for assessing parenting behaviors towards physical activity and sports, and to examine its concurrent validity, test-retest validity, and predictive validity. Parents (N = 1546, 784 fathers, and 762 mothers) of children aged 6 to 14 completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale revealed three factors: “Joint activity,” referring to physical activities with children; “Dominant response,” referring to having children reflect and improve; and “Value transmission of exercise,” referring to communicating the positive attributes of physical activity. Next, the concurrent validity of the scale was confirmed by its correlations with the Scale for Parental Attitudes towards Children. The test-retest analysis conducted after one month indicated moderate reliability. The predictive validity of the scale was shown using the scenario method: Joint activity was found to enhance autonomous response and positive reinforcement for their children, while dominant response was found to enhance domination /over-interference. These results confirmed the usefulness of the new scale for measuring parenting to develop interest in physical activities and sports in young children.

  • ──刑事裁判判決文の計量的研究──
    福島 由衣, 向井 智哉, 相澤 育郎, 入山 茂
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 278-286
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    An increasing number of criminal court cases have seen psychologists present their findings as evidence after conducting experiments and surveys to evaluate the credibility of witnesses’ statements and suspects’ false confessions. Courts, however, have not always welcomed psychological findings. As some courts have not affirmed the value of these findings in some well-known cases, some researchers suggest that courts have little trust in psychological findings. To consider the validity of this suggestion, we conducted a quantitative investigation of the courts’ decision-making processes when presented with psychological findings in 50 criminal cases. The results showed that most of the courts’ judgments involving psychological findings were negative, and that the reasoning for the judgments could be classified into nine categories. The most common reasons were related to the methodological flaws used to derive the psychological findings.

研究報告
  • 小野 由莉花, 及川 昌典, 及川 晴
    2021 年 92 巻 4 号 p. 287-292
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/10/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2021/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    A feeling of incompleteness in interpersonal relationships is known to hinder the formation and maintenance of firm relationships, which in turn leads to negative evaluations. However, the mechanism by which the feeling of incompleteness affects interpersonal evaluations is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possibility that incompleteness caused by a lack of information may affect later interpersonal evaluations through misattribution of attention and emotions. In Study 1, participants who read an incomplete story reported greater interest in the author, compared to participants who read a complete story. In Study 2, participants who read a negative incomplete story evaluated face photos unrelated to the story more negatively, compared to participants who read a neutral incomplete story or a negative complete story. These results suggest that incompleteness not only raises interest in others, but also show different effects on interpersonal evaluations, depending on the valence attached to the feeling of incompleteness.

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