We reported in 1985 on the deterioration of physical fitness in poststroke hemiplegics in the 5th and 6th decade. Physical fitness was measured by the oxygen up take at the heart rate of 100 or 120 beats/min. [(V_O2)₁₀₀, (V_O2)₁₂₀]. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the major factor of the deterioration of (V_O2)₁₀₀ in poststroke hemiplegics. (V_O2)₁₀₀ consists of heart rate (100 beats/min.), stroke volume and arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference at the heart rate of 100 beats/min.. In this study, (V_O2)₁₀₀ and stroke volume ((SV)₁₀₀) were measured during exercise at the heart rate of 100 beats/min., and arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference was calculated from these data. Subjects were 10 male hemiplegics due to stroke and 8 normal men in the 5th to 7th decade. The mean age in hemiplegics was 54.0 years, and that of the normal men was 54.9. All the hemiplegic patients could walk independently within the hospital. The exercise at the heart rate of 100 beats/min. was performed with Cybex II in sitting position with the repeated full flexion and extention of the uninvolved lower extremity in hemiplegics, and with the right side leg in normal control. The exercise was performed for 4min.. During the last 1min., the expired gas was collected by the Douglas bag and (SV)₁₀₀ was measured by the dyedilution technique. (V_O2)₁₀₀ was 9.5ml/kg·min in hemiplegics, and 12.7ml/kg·min in normal men (p<0.05), (SV)₁₀₀ was 49.3ml/beat/m² in hemiplegics, and 62.6ml/beat/m² in normal men (p<0.01). Difference between two groups in arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference was not statistically significant. From these results, we concluded that major factor of deterioration of (V_O2)₁₀₀ in poststroke hemiplegics is the decrease in (SV)₁₀₀.

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Elevation of the arm consists of various movements involving synchronous mechanism of shoulder components. This study was conducted to determine the influence of scapular movement on the anterior-posterior axis at the time of forward elevation of the arm.
The scapular lateral plane was photographed with roentgenoscopy during forward elevation of both of the arms (30 to 180 degree) in 30 normal shoulders. The roentgenographic parameters of the movement of scapular downward tilting (A) and the slope of the acromion (the angle of the acromial inferior surface to the horizon at 30 degree elevation) (B) were investigated statistically.
There was high negative correlation between (A) and (B). (r=-0.744, p<0.001)
It was suggested that in the case of a slight sloping of the acromion, the movement of scapular downward tilting increased at the time of forward elevation of the arm. There is evidence that the synchronous mechanism between the movement of scapular downward tilting and the second shoulder joint [the joint-like structure between the greater tuberosity of the humerus and the coracoacromial arch] contributes to forward elevation of the arm.
Therefore, new knowledge was obtained from the kinesiological point of view.

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