The adult, whose hearing is so impaired that communication by auditory means is impossible or severely limited, uses visual means as an alternative. It is called speech-reading or lip-reading, which is the art of comprehending the speech of others through the visual interpretation of gestures, facial movements, and especially lip movements. So the visual perception is related to the process of speech-reading. The visual memory span, which is the ability of reproducing the sensory impression after a short-term visual stimulus is given, is considered as a factor to estimate the potentiality of speech-reading. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship of visual memory span to achievement in speech-reading. To 43 hearing impaired adults, speech-reading tests and a visual memory span test were administered. After one year, the same speech-reading tests were administered. The results of the present study suggested that visual memory span is related to the potentiality of speech-reading.

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The halfway house is one of the ‘intermediary institutions’ which include also the night hospital and day hospital, and it plays an important role in the rehabilitation by serving as an intermediary step on the way from hospital life to full return to home.
Halfway houses for physically and mentally handicapped have well developed in U. S. A. and England. Westmoor House in London established by Dr. Howell is typical of such houses.
In the present article, an experience of a halfway house closely connected with the rehabilitation service of a community general hospital is reported, which extends over the first one and one-half years of its operation. This halfway house accomodates about 80 convalescent patients (mostly hemiplegic), and they are encouraged to live actively and independently as much as possible in an environment closely resembled to their home. Architectural planning and design was carefully oriented to this ultimate goal, including, for example, wards in Japanese style (with tatami), triangle day corner for each Western style ward, adapted bathtubs, toilets and basins, landscaped garden for outdoor activities, and so on.
The total rehabilitation program of the halfway house is oriented for the earlier return of the patients to home with maximal independence in basic A. D. L. and their return to a productive life. For this pourpose, occupational therapy program with emphasis on A. D. L. and prevocational evaluation and training has been developed. Physical therapy program at the halfway house is mainly that of maintenance. Social work program is centered for the earlier discharge of the patients to home and adequate vocational placement. A group recreation program, organized jointly by social workers and occupational therapists was also developed.

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An investigation was performed on the occupational, medical, educational, living problems and welfare policilies of 273 subjects institutionalised in Rehabilitation Centers for the physically handicapped using the questionaire method.
The Purpose of this study is to know the social needs of the physically handicapped. Since the subjects were limited to those in institutions, the results may not represent the true general tendency. However, from the results obtained, the following comments were made as one aspect of the social needs the physically handicapped:
A. Social needs of the physically handicaped.
1) Most of them wish to live at home and to work in the same place as the healthy. However, most of the severely handicapped, wish to live in social welfare institutions and to work in Sheltered Workshop.
2) Though they cannot be self supporting because of their handicap, they do have the satisfaction of working using their remaining capacities.
3) They hope for advancement of the social security.
4) They dislike being under public assistance or care of the family.
5) Many express dissatisfaction in human relations.
6) They feel the importance of self-support.
7) They wish for the general public to have better understanding of the handicap and to have a friendlier relationship with others.
B. Counterplan
In regard to 1), 2), 3), and 4), the enhancement of social security, the consolidation of social welfare institutions and housing, the promotion of employment, the training of specialists (physical and occupational therapists, home helper, social worker etc.) must be done. For 5) and 6), case work and counseling for the physically handicapped should be excuted for their morale support.
Campaign to the general populations (including the physically handicapped) is necessary to eliminate the prejudice toward the handicapped by giving correct knowledge. A fair chance for employment and education should be given to the handicapped without discrimination.
Community organization program must be put into practice to relieve the handicap from their alienation and to establish a sense of social solidarity.

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1. Phantom limb has a possibility to be utilized to adjust the body image to artificial limb.
2. Phantom limb can either be obliterated or made to reappear by the psychological treatment, and moreover, it can be expanded, also reformed to be a better one than the original limb.
3. In the case of amputee of both lower extremities, measurements and preparation of artificial legs can be done by projection chart, if phantom limb belongs to Type I-II (Otsuka). And the height of the patient wearing the articial legs may be the same as that before amputation.
4. Phantom limb can be made to appear theoretically even when the amputee is an infant who has never experienced a phantom limb. The position and motor sensation of patient can be restored by psychological conditioning and visual control.

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Eighteen Patients with Spasticity (paraplegics 13, quadriplegics 3, and hemiplegics 2) were given the Motor Point Block with 5% phenol solution to relieve the Spasticity, which disturbed their ambulation, transfer activity and wheel chair training, and produced the spasm with pain during their rest.
Motor points were searched by teflon coated needle connected with the portable type electro-stimulator. This handy electro-stimulator was useful in the out-patient room and even in the ward.
The patients got the following advantages, being relieved from the spasticity by the motor point block,
(1) Long leg braces were more easily applied in 3 paraplegic patients.
(2) Two patients could ambulate immediately with the application of braces.
(3) Two paraplegic patients, who had only been able to ambulate with the swing-to gait, got swing-thru gait after the motor point blocks with phenol.
(4) Five patients were relieved from the spasm during rest after the blocks.
(5) Transfer activity became easier in 6 patients.
(6) The ROM in 2 cases was increased, effecting the recovery of the power of antagonistic muscles, after the block.
The author, however, wants to emphasize that the advantages of motor point blocks with phenol would be lost unless the well scheduled functional trainings were followed.

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Somatosensory evoked potentials imply that digital inputs are converted into analog outputs. Eye tracking movements analyses reveal that sinusoidal inputs are turned into outputs of saccadic or square waves. Common denominators in these two experiments are considered to lie in the fact that the central nervous system has capability of transforming various stimuli into separate responses.
These two electrophysiological events in normal persons make it possible to establish the concept of transactional function in the normal central nervous system, and review the several central disorders from this transactional view point.
Applying these electrophysiological investigation to cerebral palsied patients, and assuming this transactional view point, authors came to conclude that cerebral palsy should be correctley defined as defect or aberration of transactional function in the central nervous system, and traditional definition of cerebral palsy as dysfunction in motor system must be supplemented.
Authors are of opinion that various therapeutic approaches to cerebral palsy should be criticised from transactional view point and this view is also applicable to other centrally induced disorders.

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