Hemodialysis patients need to acquire exercise habits because physical inactivity in hemodialysis patients is associated with increased mortality. However, factors associated with exercise habits in hemodialysis patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to exercise habits in hemodialysis patients. We measured 104 hemodialysis patients' exercise habits (transtheoretical model：TTM), laboratory data, self-efficacy (SE), short physical performance battery and grip strength, nutritional index, dialysis vintage, fluid removal, and Kt/V. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the association of the aforementioned factors with TTM. As a result, in multiple linear regression analysis, SE, age, and Kt/V were associated with TTM (R²＝0.34, p＜0.05). hemodialysis patients may require mental support, such as SE and adequate dialysis dose, to acquire exercise habits.

Objective：Patients with vertebral compression fracture first visit the acute care hospital for a diagnosis, but cannot be admitted and return home with a corset and analgesics. Because of severe lower back pain, they stay in bed for a significant period of time, and their skeletal muscles suffer from disuse atrophy. We aimed to actively admit these patients for recovery phase rehabilitation by setting up a hotline.

Methods：The backgrounds of each case including the major laboratory findings were investigated for 1 year. Health professionals were able to use the hotline to request admission for the patients.

Results：One hundred twenty-seven patients (38 males and 89 females, aged 84±7.5 years) were admitted. The percentages of phone calls from acute-care hospitals, clinics, and regional care managers were 46%, 31%, and 20%, respectively. With regard to degree of disability 36％ of the patients were at C1, 31% were at B2, and 20% were at C2 indicating that they needed almost complete assistance. Fifty one percent of the patients lived alone, and 20% were couples without assistance from others. Because they were elderly patients with many complications, more than six agents had been prescribed on average. However, osteoporosis medication had been prescribed to only 23%. The prognosis was favorable with ratio of returned home being 91%, even though the outcome of rehabilitation is limited by ageing and deteriorated cardiac and renal functions in these patients.

Conclusion：Services to support these patients during the recovery phase of rehabilitation is crucial, in order to improve community-based health care.

Objective：It is often difficult to provide effective functional training in patients with severe attention deficit caused by organic damage to the brain. Herein, we report a case of attention deficit in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was successfully treated by virtual reality (VR)-guided rehabilitation.

Methods：A 71-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for rehabilitation after a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient suffered from severe attention deficit. She was unable to follow instructions from therapists and was unable to concentrate on rehabilitation tasks. We attempted VR-guided rehabilitation using mediVR KAGURA (mediVR, Toyonaka, Japan) in order to improve her attention deficit. The training was performed approximately 20 min every weekday, for 4 months in a 360-degree VR environment, with no background image initially. The difficulties in physical and cognitive tasks were adjusted by focusing on the size, range of appearance, and falling speed of each task object, so that even patients with severe attention deficit could respond to these tasks appropriately.

Results：After the above-mentioned VR-guided training, the trail making test A, behavioral inattention test, and moss attention rating scale were improved from 300 s (could not complete the test）to 100 s, 119 to 133, and 55 to 98, respectively. In addition, in the clinical assessment for attention, the time required for visual obliteration tests was significantly shortened, and clinical symptoms associated with attention deficit were also improved clinically.

Conclusion：VR-guided rehabilitation has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic approach to improve attention deficit.