In 34 cases with coal miner's pneumoconiosis, the comparison of selective alveolobronchography (SAB) and pulmonary function tests was carried out. All of the cases consisted of type p1 to type m3 except the cases with massive shadowes.
As the control group, 26 individuals without syptomatic pulmonary diseases were examined. These of control group were also same distribution about the sexes and ages. Results are as follows.
1. Seventeen cases out of 34 with pneumoconiosis had pulmonary emphsema as its complication (50%). It was definitely higher incidence than that of the control group which had pulmonary emphysema in 15 per cent of cases. The emphysema which was seen in coal miner's pneumoconiosis showed centrilobular type and mixed type in most of the cases.
2. The findings of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, recognized by SAB, was seen in 88 per cent of those cases with pneumoconiosis.
3. Emphysema was observed in 73 per cent of the cases with severely damaged bronchi. This fact suggested that the chronic bronchitis was an important factor to develope the emphysema of coal miners.
4. It seems that pulmonary dysfunction in the patient with pneumoconiosis is due not only to pulmonary fibrosis but also complicated emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
5. SAB was beneficial for the early diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema which affected the pulmonary dysfunction of the pneumoconiosis.
6. Pulmonary emphysema which was complicated with pneumoconiosis revealed delay of N₂ 90 per cent washout time and increased slow space.

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A case of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica found incidentally at necropsy is reported.
A woman aged 60 died of ovarian carcinoma. Necropsy disclosed numerous nodules beneath the tracheal mucous membrane. The nodules were hard, stood out white in color, and were present only on the cartilaginous part of the lower trachea in 6cm extent.
Histologically nodules and plaques were seen in the lamina propria. Most were cartilaginous and some showed ossification. Continuity with the normal cartilaginous rings was occasionally noted, when traced by serial sections. Elastic connective tissue was found close to the cartilaginous and bony nodules, but there was no evidence that the cartilage was elastic in nature. Some of the bony noules contained spaces filled with fat cells, but none showed obvious hemopoiesis. Rimming of the bone with osteoblast-like cells was noted in some lamellar bony nodules. Multinucleated osteoclasts were rarely seen. Between the nodules and tracheal cartilage a band of fibrous connective tissue was occasionally seen.
The first case of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica was described by Wilks in 1857 and since then more than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The etiology remains unknown, although many theories have been proposed. These include dysembryonic disease, aging process, neoplasma, mechanical or chemical irritation, metabolic disturbance, and chronic inflammation. The relative rarity in the past seems to be due to lack of adequate diagnostic modalities.

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been observed in Europe since the early period of this century. In Japan, the number of reported cases has not reached twenty.
In early reported cases Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia usually occurred in premature or debilitated newborn infants, but in recent cases it was noted to occur not only in newborn infants and children but also frequently in adults.
The purpose of this report is to present seven autopsy cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and to discuss on clinicopathological problems, and pathological and parasitological findings of this disease.
Underlying diseases in six of seven autopsy cases were leukemia and malignant lymphoma. They were treated with high dosage of steroid and anticancerous drugs. Another case was a 11 month-old infant with hypogammaglobulinemia, Gitlin type. Regarding clinical symptomes, fever, cough and dyspnea were prominent. Chest roentogenograms revealed soft diffuse opacities of the both sides, most striking in the hilar regions.
Macroscopically, the lungs were pale, firm and expanded. The cut-surface was yellow, tan, dark red, slightly mucinous and diffusely consolidated. The bronchi and bronchioles were normal except the case with hypogammaglobulinemia.
On microscopic observation, the alveoli were dilated and contained slightly eosinophilic honeycombed exudate with some desquamated epithelium. The specimens stained by Grocott's methenamine silver technique demonstrated numerous cystic organisms of Pneumocystis carinii within the material in the alveolar spaces. They were usually arranged in cluster and showed various cystic shapes such as round, oval and crescent. Plasmacellular infiltration in alveolar septa and interstitial fibrosis, which have been considered to be characteristic findings of this disease, were not found in our cases. Organization of honeycombed exudate from the alveolar wall was found frequently in prolonged cases.
Cytomegalic inclusion bodies in the alveolar epithelium were found in two cases.
Ultrastructural obsevration demonstrated thickwalled cysts having intracystic bodies and filopodia as well as thinwalled cysts.
With a long-term use of immunosuppressive cytotoxic drugs and steroid in the treatment of malignant diseases and in organ transplantation, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has become an important clinical entity in adults. Debility and lowered resistance of the patients appeared to be the most important factor permitting the development of the disease.

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