The effects of prostaglandins (PGF_2α, E₁) on the pulmonary circulation were studied, with special reference to the influence of hypoxic gas (5.9% O₂, 5.6% CO₂) ventilation and β-blocking agent treatment. Also the comparison was made with the effects of conventional vasoactive agents were studied in the same manner.
The excised lung lobe of the dog was perfused with heparinized autologous blood at a constant flow rate by a pulsatile pump. Pulmonary inflow pressure, pulmonary blood flow, and bronchial pressure were recorded continuously and following results were obtained.
Noradrenaline increased pulmonary inflow pressure. Histamine and PGF_2α increased both pulmonary inflow and bronchial pressure. The elevation in bronchial pressure longer than that in pulmonary inflow pressure.
Elevation in the pulmonary inflow pressure by hypoxia started between 20 seconds and one minute, and its peak was achieved 1 to 3 minute after induction of hypoxia. Hypoxia the increase of mean pulmonary inflow pressure was 2.3mmHg.
More remarkable response to noradrenaline, histamine and PGF_2α were observed during hypoxia than control gas ventilation.
Although propranolol showed no influence on the pulmonary circulation and bronchial system in the control state, the response of the perfused lung lobe to noradrenaline as well as histamine was augmented by propranolol pretreatment. But the effect of PGF_2α was not altered by propranolol.
In the control state, isoproterenol and aminophylline showed a continued reduction both in the pulmonary inflow pressure and bronchial pressure, but no change was induced by PGE₁.
Both the vasoconstriction evoked by hypoxic gas ventilation and the bronchoconstriction induced by room air ventilation were reduced by PGE₁, and the pressor responses to noradrenaline and histamine were also reduced by PGE₁.
Vasodilatory effect of isoproterenol was abolished by propranolol, but not the case of PGE₁.
In conclusion, the mecanism of vasoactivation of PGs seems to be different from that of the other vasoactive agents used here. Therefore futher studies should be required to determine whether PG is mediated by adrenergic receptor or not.

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Correlation between pulmonary fibrosis and cancer has been referred by many investigators, but experimental approach to analyse it has been rarely done. The authors evaluated the correlation between pulmonary fibrosis and carcinoma experimentally.
Rats, mice and hamsters recieved intraperitoneal injection of MNU repeatedly, and rabbits were injected intravenously. The pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary tumors developed in the animals treated with MNU.
Relationship between pulmonary tumors and fibrosis were not observed in the rats and mice. In rabbits, however, the development of pulmonary tumor was related to the extent of pulmonary fibrosis.
From our experiments, it was suggested that the differences of carcinogenic process in rats or mice and rabbits treated with MNU may depend on the difference of species and of duration of experiments which correspond to the duration of pulmonary fibrosis.
Further, the histological appearance of this experimental pulmonary carcinomas in rabbits resembled to that of human scar carcinoma in the lung.

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A case of extralobar sequestration with tuberculous change was reported.
A 2.7 year-old girl suffered from pneumonia when she was 1.5 years old and the chest X-ray showed marked elevation of the left diaphragm. Tuberculin test before 2 months was positive, but the chest X-ray showed eventration of left diaphragm without any sign of tuberculous lesion.
Thoracotomy was performed revealing an extrapulmonary mass of 5.0×3.5×3.0cm in size, located on the postero-lateral area of the elevated diaphragm. No aberrant artery could be detected.
Microscopic findings showed cystic dilatation of bronchi, and foci of caseous necrosis surrounded by epithelioid cells and chronic inflammatory cells with mutinucleated giant cells in a highly fibrous pulmonary tissue.
No acid-fast bacilli were found, but from the clinical and pathological findings, the lesion was considered to be extralobar pulmonary sequestration complicated by tuberculous change.

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本症例は喘息様発作,好酸球増多,一過性肺浸潤陰影を示し,鼻粘膜生検で血管炎および肉芽腫をみとめ Wegener 肉芽腫と診断され,ステロイドと Azathioprine 投与により比較的良好な経過をとった症例である.

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