The proportion and absolute numbers of T and B cell population were measured by the sheep red blood cell ro sette formation technique; the activity of β-galactosidase, lysosomal enzymes of peripheral blocd monocytes; the reduction of Nitro Blue tetrazorium of peripheral blood polymorph nuclear cells; the levels of serum immunoglobulins, ESHS-globulins, Hapto-globulins and complement 3 were investigated in 38 patients with primary lung cancer. The results are summarized as follows.
Both tuberculin reaction and DNCB reaction were reduced in these subjects, especially the latter reaction showing a decrease according to the clinical stage. Absolute numbers of T cells in all clinical stages were decreased, as were B cells in the fourth stage only. The activity of β-galatosidase of blood monocytes in all clinical stages was reduced. NBT reaction was reduced in clinical stages I to III but was observed to increase in stage IV. IgG tended to increase with each stage, but on the contrary IgA tended to decrease. The levels of IgM showed no definite tendency.
From the above results it is thought that cellular immunity was more reduced than humoral immunity in patients with primary lung cancer particularly as the clinical stage advanced, therefore the patients were easily infected in later clinical stages.

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Distribution of transthoracic electrical impedance pulse in pulmonary diseases was evaluated by perfusion studies using ^99mTc-macro aggregated albumin (MAA) on 27 subjects.
Impedance was measured at six points in the upper, middle and lower regions of the left and right thorax by a tetrapolar electrode configuration system using a 50kHz current. Pulse height (ΔZ) and the time differential dZ/dt were measured and compared with radioactivity following intravenous administration of ^99mTc-MAA.
In the right and left lung the ratio of radioactivity (Y) to impedance pulse (X) was Y=1.16X, with a correlation coefficient of 0.963.
The shift of pulmonary blood flow before and after bronchography was investigated, and it was found out that after bronchography the amplitude of the impedance pulse decreased and showed the same tendency as the decrease of radioactivity in the lung in which bronchography was performed. Ventilatory volume, calculated from transthoracic electrical impedance variation, decreased in the lung in which bronchography was performed and displayed a strong correlation with changes in the distribution of ^99mTc-MAA. From these results it may be thought that impedance pulses obtained at the thoracic wall may reflect changes in the pulmonary blood flow. Perfusion lung scintigraphy by ^99mTc-MAA is useful in geographically assessing pulmonary blood flow while the impedance method is a useful extra-corporal method for short-term repeated examinations or long term monitoring of pulmonary hemodynamics.

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A comparison of two different analytical approaches for xenon-133 washout curves was made. To estimate regional ventilation from the xenon-133 washout curve, a mathematical approach was made with a model lung which has a common dead space and regional wellventilated (fast) and poorly ventilated (slow) spaces. For the convenience of analysis a backward projection method has generally been used instead of the simulation model. An attempt was made to clarify the difference in values obtained by the two methods from the standpoint of respiratory physiology.
Experimental data showed that regional tidal ventilation values (computed V_Ti) obtained mathematically using the simulation model were always larger than those (manual V_Ti) obtained from the backward projection method in both fast and slow spaces.
Assuming computed V_Ti to be the sum of two valves; regional alveolar ventilation(corrected V_Ti) and regional dead space ventilation(V_Dsi), corrected V_Ti was compared with manual V_Ti. In fast space corrected V_Ti and manual V_Ti were almost equal and in slow space, corrected V_Ti tended to be slightly smaller than manual V_Ti. Manual V_Ti, calculated by analytical methods used heretofore, approximates ventilation values obtained from the simulation model when the volume of common dead space is omitted.

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気管支喘息の治療に用いられる気管支拡張薬 clorprenaline および aminophyllin について, 急性浮腫に対する影響を検討した. 両薬物共 carrageenin および dextran によって惹起したラット足浮腫を明かに抑制し, ビール酵母によるラット足の疼痛閾値下降を有意に上昇させた. 従って両薬物共急性浮腫を明かに抑制したが, 皮下投与および経口投与共作用発現はやや遅いようであった. この作用機序として両薬物の有する cyclic AMP の組織内濃度上昇効果があげられる. しかしこれによる効果は弱いもので, 主たる要因は chemical mediators の遊離抑制ならびに拮抗作用によるものと思われる. また aminophyllin の強心利尿効果も多少は関係しているものと思われる. そして臨床用量から考えると clorprenaline の抗浮腫作用の方が aminophyllin よりも強力のようであった. 以上の結果から両薬物は単なる気管支平滑筋の弛緩による効果のみならず, 気道粘膜の腫脹を消褪させて喘息治療には好ましい効果を有する薬物であることが認められた. ただその効果発現は adrenaline のように速効性ではなく, また比較的大量を必要とすることから副作用とのかね合において, 臨床的価値を検討する必要がある.

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Clorprenaline および aminophyllin は急性炎症性浮腫を抑制することを先に報告したが, 今回は炎症過程の各段階に対する影響すなわち抗炎症作用について検討した.
Clorprenaline および aminophyllin はラット皮内への histamine 注射あるいはマウス腹腔内への酢酸注射によって惹起された血管透過性充進を著明に抑制した. その効力は先報の抗浮腫作用と同程度であり, また酢酸によるよりも histamine による透過性充進を強く抑制した. しかし両薬物共モルモットにこおける紫外線紅斑ならびにラットにおける綿球法による肉芽増殖および adjuvant 関節炎に対しては抑制作用を示さなかった. また酢酸による stretching でみた場合鎮痛作用も認められなかった.
以上の結果から clorprenaline および aminophyllin は肉芽増殖などの亜急性慢性炎症疾患には抑制作用をもたないが, 血管透過性亢進および浮腫の急性炎症に対しては顕著な抑制作用のあることが認められた.

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Metabolism of prostaglandins results in its biological inactivation and since this inactivation is extremely efficient it has generally been assumed that the pulmonary metabolites of prostaglandins have little biological activity. However, recently 15-keto metabolites were found to be more potent than the parent prostaglandins on several isolated smooth muscle preparations. Others have reported that 13, 14-dihydro metabolites showed appreciable biological activities. We have, therefore, examined the effects of both of these metabolites of prostaglandin E₂ and F_2α on airways and circulation in vivo and also investigated the inactivation of these metabolites by the pulmonary circulation, using a superfusion technique.
The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that, of all those metabolites of prostaglandins studied, 13, 14-dihydro metabolites had marked effects on airways, pulmonary vascular bed and systemic blood pressure of guinea pigs. Moreover, the the potency of these metabolites was roughly the same as that of parent prostaglandins, however other metabolites, 15-keto prostaglandins, were less potent than the parent prostaglandins.
The inactivation of prostaglandins (PGs) is an important characteristics of the pulmonary vascular bed. Although the metabolism of the parent PGs in the pulmonary circulation have been extensively studied, no studies have been made on the inactivation of their metabolites. In the isolated perfused guinea pig lungs, the biological activity of 15-keto PG E₂ was least affected by passage through the lungs, while 82% of infused 15-keto F_2α was inactivated in one passage. Up to 88% of 13, 14-dihydro-PG E₂ suffered inactivation, while only 63% of 13, 14-dihydro PG F_2α was inactivated. 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto PG F_2α was inactivated only 49%. Thus, within this very closely related group of substances, the degree of inactivation in one passage through the lung differs for each metabolite, and it was also found that a discrepancy existed between E and F groups
Based on these results, it would be conceivable that several of the biological effects of prostaglandins released in anaphylactic shock or in bronchial asthma may be due to a high level of prostaglandin metabolites. The PGs metabolites, such as 15-keto PG E₂, 13, 14-dihydro PG F_2α and 13'14-dihydro-15-keto PG F_2α, the initial activity of which was preserved after the passage through the lung, might function as actual circulating hormones.

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42才, 主婦・多発性肺動静脈瘻の1例であるが, バチ状指, チアノーゼ, 運動時呼吸困難, 赤血球増多などの典型的な症状・所見を示しながら, 胸部正面写真や断層写真では軽微な陰影しか示さなかつた. その原因は病巣の多くが横隔膜や心臓影と重なり, かつ比較的小さなものが多数広範に分布していたためで, 肺血管造影によりその様相が明らかとなつた.

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