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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
Cover13-
Published: September 01, 1981
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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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Published: September 01, 1981
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Article type: Index
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
Toc5-
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Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
i-iv
Published: September 01, 1981
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TATSUSHI TOMOMITSU, KENJI FUKUDA, KENJI NUMAGUCHI, KOOSHI ISHII, HIROO ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
514-521
Published: September 01, 1981
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The accuracy of calculated values for single beam, which is calculated by beam generator program (PC beam), and inhomogeneity corrections were investigated. The errors in these calculated values are considered to be caused by parameters (A, B, α, T) in beam generator program and relative electron density in inhomogeneous materials. Therefore, we decided the values of parameters and correction factors for relative electron density on the basis of the measured. When our parameters and correction factors were applied, the difference between measured and values were reduced from ±5% to ±3%.
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KOUICHI ENDO, MASATSUNA ISHIZAKA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
522-530
Published: September 01, 1981
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A survey of the radiological technicians working at all of the 876 health centers was intended for their working and control conditions, of which the result on blood counts has been reported. Questionnaire was answered from 639 centers (72.9%) by 1,037 technicians, of which 993 gave the results of blood counts. The result indicated a normal distribution in each case of WBC, RBC and hemoglobin level and the mean and standard deviation was 6,625.6±1,541.0/mm^2 (n=993) in WBC, 473.0±43.5×10^4/mm^3 (n=993) in RBC, and 15.18±1.25g/dl (n=957), respectively. These values are in good agreement with those for healthy normal adult male, namely, 6,774.5±1,845.4/mm^3 (n=3,561), 475.5±61.7×10^4/mm^3 (n=3,593), and 15.26±1.71g/dl (n=4,181). No significant difference was observed at 1% level. Similar surveys have been conducted ten times altogether since 1957. Time course in WBC counts was particularly remarkable. The counts progressively increased by time and the coefficient of correlation between the counts and time was 0.955 on the assumption of a linear function. This was the first time when no significant difference was observed between the technicians and normal healthy male. The tendency suggests improvements in these times in technology and control practices among others.
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MASATSUNA ISHIZAKA, KOUICHI ENDO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
531-539
Published: September 01, 1981
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The purpose of this research is for actual actual analysis of occupational or medical radiation exposure and improvement of X-ray photographic techniques. In order to carry out this research, we obtained a great deal of support from a number of radiological technicians working at health centers located throughout Japan. The following is an outline of the results of our last research attempts. 1. To obtain necessary information from the health centers in Japan, we sent out 876 questionnaires of which we received 639 replies (72.6%). 2. It was found that chest X-ray radiography took up most of the radiological technicians time in the health centers (99.7%), however, it was revealed that much of their time was devoted to administrative type work. 3. Occupational exposure to radiation seems to have increased substantial when compared to the past. The average total exposure to radiation a technician experiences in one year is stated to be under 0.5 milliseaverts. However, we know of one technician who has been exposed to 14.0 milliseaverts in only two weeks. 4. The tube voltage for chest X-rays employed at the time of the photograph for low, medium and high were 31.8%, 32.7% and 35.4%, respectively. 5. It is apparent that the X-ray filters are not being properly used at most of the health centers. Namely, in the suggested combination range of ICRP assortment with X-ray tube voltage and total filtration were only 39.3%.
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KUNIO HAMADA, HOZUMI IKEDA, MASAHIRO OMURA, HIDEO MITSUTA, YOSHIHIRO S ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
540-545
Published: September 01, 1981
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Different size of an image influences the quality of the image. With regard to this subject, basic experimental studies were carried out, and the following results were obtained ; 1) The effect of the minification of the radionuclide image was well appreciated at 500 and 2,000 counts/cm^2 of the background (count density). In addition, it appeared to be the best to take image as 1/6 of the life size and to obtain 6 flames on an 8"×10" film in practical use (Format 6 on an 8"×10" film). 2) The effect minimizing the image was not appreciated at 10,000 counts/cm^2 of the background. In general, the background is usually in yields of 1,000 to 3,000 counts/cm^2 at the routine imaging in Nuclear Medicine, since the routine study has to be as short in time as possible in a busy department and the given dose of the radiopharmaceuticals is limited in clinical use. Therefor, it is desirable to obtain Format 6 on an 8"×10" film.
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MASAOMI TAKIZAWA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
546-553
Published: September 01, 1981
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The computer is useful for the observation and analysis of the transition of RI in vivo. Auther mainly reports in this paper the application of hardware and software of a functional statistical system in the field of nuclear medicine to the analysis of renal function. In a computer system for nuclear medicine, the storage of a large volume of memory and attachment of disks has become available as semiconductor technology has advanced, gray scale and high speed color picture reproduction having been popularized. The microcomputer as a system computer has now taken the place of the minicomputer. Included in the software for image analysis are compartment analysis, curve fitting and functional imaging. A multi-compartment method is required for analyzing renal function, but a functional imaging method is particularly useful. Anthor has to extract the features of the functional images through automatically determining center of gravity, employing at the same time histograms and a method of analyzing principal components, and found that it is possible to qualitatively grasp RI functional image in various renal diseases.
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TORU FUJITA, TAKAO MUKAI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
554-565
Published: September 01, 1981
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Recently, a variety type of modalities for single photon emission CT (SP-ECT) has been in prevailed. Among them, we attempted to evaluated the 7-pinhole collimator tomography (7P-ECT) and the rotatingscinticamera emission CT (RS-ECT). The 7P-ECT method was proved to have several inherent problems due to the limited spatial sampling of 7 directions, and the nature of a pinhole collimator, which caused the distortion of reconstructed tomographic images with artifact, and the loss of resolution related to depth of objects. In this respect, intelligent use should be necessary. On the other hand, RS-ECT, which was consisted of 360°of data sampling, provided reliable reconstructed tomographic images with stable resolution in FWHM irrelevant to depth of objects. The quality of the tomographic images was proved greatly dependent on the amount of data accumulated. The detectable size of SOL in a liver phantom was 1.0 cm in diameter with the appropriated scintigraphic condition. Since the advantage SP-ECT over planar scintigraphy is to increase dimension from 2D to 3D without increase in radiation burden and, accordingly, to improve clinical efficacy, SP-ECT should be performed in addition to the conventional planar images as the screening study prior to X-ray CT.
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TAKENORI HACHIYA, IWAO KANNO, YASUO AIZAWA, HIROSHI ONODERA, YASUAKI S ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
566-573
Published: September 01, 1981
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Emission computed tomograph (ECT) consists of detector system, mechanism for scanning, electronics for data access and control, and computer system. ECT images have to be reconstructed carefully to correct for tissue absorption, to reduce scattered radiation and so on. These were described in detail. Also here mentioned basic design and performance of HEADTOME system developed in our institute as a first dual purpose emission computed tomograph for positron and single photon emission imaging. The system has shown the resolution of 10 and 11 mm FWHM at center (of field of view) with ^<99m>Tc and ^<68>Ga, respectively, and the sensitivity of 20 Kcps/μCi/ml (with 20 mm slice spacing). The HEADTOME is routinely used in clinical study.
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KAZUE TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
574-576
Published: September 01, 1981
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
577-578
Published: September 01, 1981
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YUJI IIYAMA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
579-585
Published: September 01, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
586-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
586-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
586-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
586-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
586-587
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
587-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
587-588
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
588-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
588-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
588-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
588-589
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
589-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
589-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
589-590
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
590-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
590-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
590-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
590-591
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
591-592
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
592-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
592-593
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
593-594
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
594-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
594-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
594-595
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
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1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
595-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
595-
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
595-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
595-596
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
596-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages
596-
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