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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
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Published: October 01, 1987
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
i-viii
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
ix-
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HIDEKI KATO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1513-1518
Published: October 01, 1987
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A Monte Carlo computer program has been used to analyze the characteristics of scattered radiation in a phantom irradiated by Cobalt-60 gamma rays. The program simulated an irradiation by 1250 key photons with a zero area field on the center of 30×30×30 cm water phantom, and calculated the ratio of energy imparted in the ring, with depth d and with radius R, by scattered radiation to energy imparted on the beam axis with depth d by primary radiation. Based on this data and scatter-air ratio data by Gupta et al., scatter-primary dose ratios and tissue-primary dose ratios were obtained. These new concepts are applicable for any energy photons, even though in which energy it is difficult to measure air doses, keeping hold the rationality equivalent to scatter-air ratios and tissue-air ratios.
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YUUJI ENDOH, HIDEO ITOH, KATSUHIKO ABE, ERIKO MAEDA, MAMORU MATSUURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1519-1528
Published: October 01, 1987
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As regards the risks related to the use radiotherapy, the non-stochastic effect has been mainly discussed. On the other hand, stochastic effect will be stress more here, as it increases the longevity of the people exposed to radiotherapy. Especially, the mean bone marrow dose is important from the viewpoint of population dose. Tissue and organ doses must be accumulated as fundamental data to estimate the risk of radiotherapy. We measured the tissue dose at each part of human phantom using some principal irradiation methods by employment of TLD. And in addition to the above, we were able to get the tissue dose distribution and calculate the mean bone marrow dose per target absorbed dose 1,000 cGy. The results are as follow, Whole body-maxillary sinus right angled field irradiation method : 21.9 cGy, Larynx two-opposed fields irradiation method : 12.0 cGy, mediastinum two-opposed fields irradiation method : 93.2 cGy, esophagus rotation therapy method : 46.3 cGy, whole pelvis two-opposed fields irradiation method : 210.8 cGy, Inverted Y opposed fields irradiation method : 282.2 cGy. Not including the irradiated volume-maxillary sinus right angled field irradiation method : 7.0 cGy, Larynx two-opposed fields irradiation method : 3.8 cGy, mediastinum two opposed fields irradiation method : 8.9 cGy, esophagus rotation therapy method : 25.1 cGy, whole pelvis two opposed fields irradiation method : 32.2 cGy, Inverted Y opposed fields irradiation method : 44.2 cGy.
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KENICHI TAKAHASHI, HIDEYO ISHIGAKI, KIMIO UDAGAWA, MASAMI SAITO, KYOKO ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1529-1535
Published: October 01, 1987
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KAZUO INAMOTO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1536-1542
Published: October 01, 1987
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For discussion of PACS development, the author has indicated the following problems. 1) Radiology Information System (RIS), its value as a pioneer system ; 2) Two Japanese big projects concerned with PACS development : MEDIS and PHD ; 3) Image reading on a CRT ; 4) Image processing by experiments using gastric cancer cases ; and 5) Man power in PACS management. In conclusion, the key for PACS development is concerned with CR, design of intelligent input and output devices, progress of CRT display technology and advanced image processing in points of the technical elements of PACS. Further developments are expected from hospital oriented PACS to the image information system depending on the regional health care system.
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MAKOTO KURANISHI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1543-1548
Published: October 01, 1987
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PACS and techniques have been developed over the past few years in many hospitals. So, an on going, study at the Toyama M&P University Hospital has been the investigation of the Total-PACS, too. Then, we shall introduce the plan of PACS in Toyama M&P University Hospital, and we it is necessary for management of the Total PACS.
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KOUICHI KITA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1549-1555
Published: October 01, 1987
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It is imprint for stimulating PACS markets that a standardization of the interfaces for each component of PACS are carried out so that venders can install own components on an individual basis. For on-line interfaces between imaging equipment, the ACR-MEMA standards were proposed in the United States and the MIPS standards will be proposed this year in Japan. These standards have the same seven step hierarchy as the OSI reference model. The presentation layer is specialized for medical imaging use. The physical layer has a 50-pin connector with a l6-bit parallel signal transmission protocol. Communication protocols are very complex system. However, it is important for PACS designers to understand it so they can estimate boundary condition of each component. Regarding the magnetic tape standards the JAMIC, MIPS and ACR-NEMA formats are available. The JAMIC format has actually been installed in several types of medical equipment. These formats may be selected according to the specifications of the system when it is difficult to use on-line interfaces. Standardization is only one step in constructing a multi-vender system. There are many differences between equipment of different venders. Methods of connect with RIS or HIS and abilities how fast or how often the equipment can transmit image data are different. For constructing a multi-vendor system, it is important to appoint a responsible system designer who can propose such specifications to the vendors of the components.
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KATSUHIKO MAKINO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1556-1561
Published: October 01, 1987
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Many hospitals have difficulty in storing and calling up X-ray films. Recently, many kinds of medical image modality such as CT and CR are speeding up this tendency. We expect this problem will be solved in the very near future. It is said PACS is the most effective solution for achieving this purpose. This paper discusses the problems for the implementation of PACS, the state of the art and examples of PACS, and then, tries to suggest what we should do.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1562-1563
Published: October 01, 1987
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1564-1573
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1574-1575
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1575-
Published: October 01, 1987
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1575-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1575-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1575-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1575-1576
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1576-1577
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1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1577-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1577-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1577-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1578-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1578-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1578-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1578-1579
Published: October 01, 1987
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1579-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1580-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1580-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1580-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1580-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1581-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1581-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1581-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1581-1582
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1582-
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1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1582-
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Article type: Article
1987 Volume 43 Issue 10 Pages
1582-1583
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