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Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
Cover7-
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Index
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
Toc7-
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Article type: Index
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
Toc8-
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
i-v
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
vi-
Published: December 01, 1990
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HIDEKI KATO
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1848-1854
Published: December 01, 1990
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In this paper, a new primary dose calculation method at points where electron equilibrium is not attained for high-energy photon beams. For this purpose, we originated a concept of a differential primary dose, and calculated this data for a 10 MV X-ray by means of the Monte Carlo simulation. Using this differential primary dose data and the primary Kerma data, a new three-dimensional calculation method of primary doses, which takes into account the electron transport, was derived. Primary doses in a heterogeneous media calculated by means of this method were in good agreement with primary doses calculated by the direct Monte Carlo simulation.
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YASUO OKUYAMA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1855-1858
Published: December 01, 1990
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The model assumes that all arterial capacitance (C) can be lumped into one site with resistance (R) parallel to C. A first-pass radionuclide angiography was performed using a digital gamma camera to calculate cardiac output and stroke volume (SV). Cardiac cycle and blood pressure were determined using ECG, phonocardiography and sphygmomanometer. C was calculated by the following basic equation : Pd=Pse^<-t/RC> or C=t/R1/(logPs/Pd) Ps : arterial systolic pressure, Pd : arterial diastolic pressure, t : diastolic interval C ranged frome 0.39 to 2.18ml/mmHg and fell linearly with age (n=124, r=-0.746, p<0.001). In all cases, total systolic pooling of blood in the capacitor was more than 55% of SV. In conclusion capacitance played an important role in arterial circulation.
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EIJI ANDOH, FUMIMARO YUBA, FUMIAKI UTO, KANAME MAEDA, SHIGEKI UYAMA, Y ...
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1859-1866
Published: December 01, 1990
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Recently, medical advences in imaging have been remarkable, and the daylight system is now being used in many hospitals. However the need a darkroom has not changed. We investigated the color-contrast concerned with film, cassete and mat on working table, in order to get high degree working efficiency in the dark room. We studied the distance of visual recognition regarding 12 color for 10 radiological technologists. Also the sensuous test for the relation of the mat color for the films and cassettes. We made a study of the measurement of film fog for 11 colors. As a result, the color of mat which we use, green, gray, and black colors are unfavorable for films and carbon cessettes. The most favorable colors for mat are bright yellow and white. It is easy that the distinguish between films and cassettes when we use favorable mat in the darkroom. Accordingly, new colors provide higher degree of working efficiency.
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TADAKO KOUSAKA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1867-1879
Published: December 01, 1990
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HIRONOBU YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1880-1884
Published: December 01, 1990
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Principle of invertor type X-ray generators are such as to convert the frequency of commercial power supply to high frequency and to control the high voltages for X-ray tubes. They have features to produce X-ray output equivalent to three phase generator with more high reproducibility and linearity, and also with compactness. Invertor generators are now on the way for further development to elliminate single phase generators, and to replace tetrode type generators.
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TAIJI AOYAGI
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1885-1900
Published: December 01, 1990
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Recently, the inverter type X-ray generators have spread rapidly in Japan. The inverter type X-ray apparatus generates the high tension which is applied at a frequency about 10〜100 times more than line power source. Because of this, the high tension generators have been transformed in to a much smaller size and also they are new capable of high accuracy control. In this experiment, I measured the 6 inverter type apparatus that is in standard use to investigated its characteristics. The frequency of the inverter is 250Hz to 20kHz, and it uses a wide range of frequency. Used at a high frequency the generators only produce a small percent ripple and these are near the constant potential waveform. Used at a low frequency the generators produce a large percent ripple and X-ray tube waveform change remarkably by the turn of the load. The generators that have about 2kHz frequency can get the X-ray out put to the equivalent of the three-phase 12 peak generator. By developing high speed switching technology and large power element, the inverter type X-ray generators are expected to be used more often in the future.
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HIDEAKI TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1901-1909
Published: December 01, 1990
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During the past few years, inverter type X-ray apparatus has been widely used by virtue of advanced power electronics technology. Therfore, we evaluated the application of inverter type X-ray apparatus to general radiography and mammography. We compared inverter type X-ray apparatus with conventional single-phase and three-phase apparatus in the following aspects : X-ray output, linearity of X-ray output to X-ray tube current, X-ray output reproducibility and image qualitry (image contrast), efficiency of space savings, handling of anatomical program system.
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MITUO KATUMATA
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1910-1916
Published: December 01, 1990
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In our hospital we operate POLYDOROS 80 and 100, inverter type generator for angiography. A comparison of basic performance was made between the above generators and 12 pulse type and constant-voltage type generator, which are also used for angiography in our hospital. The results of inverter type generator are as follows : 1. Coefficient of variation of x-ray output is less than 0.01 when it is set over 4 ms (4 mAs). 2. Combination of tube current and tube voltage makes difference in pulsation of ripples, ripple of tube voltag is 3.4% of ideal waveform with 12 pulse unit or less. 3. As for linearity per mAs is less then 2.8 mAs (2.8 ms), x-ray output is unstable. over 2.8 mAs, linearity is maintained within the allowance of ca. 1%. If we point out difficulties of inverter type generators for angiography under the requirement of shorter exposure time, they can be : 1. Value of mAs makes difference in linearity. 2. Larger ripples with the combination of low current and high voltage. They affect image quality especially when autmatic exposure system is used. In spite of the above problems we assure that POLYDOROS 80 and 100, are capable and reliable generators for angiography.
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MAKOTO KATOH, TOSHIAKI MATSUO, KAZUHIRO KAWASHITA, KAZUHIRO SAKAKI
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1917-1925
Published: December 01, 1990
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Inverted type X-ray unit has been used in mobile radiography, with recent advancement of power electronics. In this study, we examined the effects of the compact and lightness of the apparatus, and multipulsing in improvement of X-ray production rate, in an inverted type X-ray unit, compared with a conventional capacitor type one. Our results showed that an inverted type X-ray unit proved to possess various merits by its functional evaluation and great advantage on the clinical practice.
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HACHIHIRO HONJO
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1926-1931
Published: December 01, 1990
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An inverter-type X-ray generator for use inside a vehicle has been developed recently, and is now being used for mass stomach screening. It is expected that this new unit will become an effective examination tool. In this paper, we have investigated the effectiveness and clinical implications of the new type of generator by comparing a unit in use at our facility with a conventional capacitor discharge type generator. Before the introduction of the new generators, operators were obliged to use capacitor discharge type generators because of power supply restrictions in the vehicle. However, inverter-type generators allow the radiographic and fluoroscopic tube voltages tobe set and varied instantly. Therefore, the new system is very effective for mass screening which reguires instantaneous (short-exposure) radiography and reduced radiation exposure.
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TADASHI MISHIRO
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1932-1934
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1935-1936
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1936-1938
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1938-1940
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1940-
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1941-1943
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1943-1945
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1946-1947
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1947-1949
Published: December 01, 1990
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記載無し
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1950-
Published: December 01, 1990
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記載無し
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1950-
Published: December 01, 1990
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1950-
Published: December 01, 1990
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記載無し
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1950-1951
Published: December 01, 1990
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記載無し
Article type: Article
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1951-
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1952-
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1953-1955
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Index
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1956-1959
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Index
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1960-1962
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1963-1965
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1965-
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
1965-
Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
App6-
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Article type: Appendix
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
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Published: December 01, 1990
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Article type: Cover
1990 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages
Cover8-
Published: December 01, 1990
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