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[in Japanese]
Article type: Preface
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
263
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Cover article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
264
Published: May 01, 1993
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Koichi NARA
Article type: Special issue
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
265-271
Published: May 01, 1993
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Toshinori WATANABE
Article type: Special issue
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
272-277
Published: May 01, 1993
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Hirotaka HARA
Article type: Special issue
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
278-284
Published: May 01, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Cover article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
285
Published: May 01, 1993
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Toshio YOKOI
Article type: Special issue
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
286-296
Published: May 01, 1993
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Seigo MATSUOKA
Article type: Special issue
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
297-304
Published: May 01, 1993
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Kiyoshi KOGURE
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
305-311
Published: May 01, 1993
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Hisaaki HATANO
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
312-319
Published: May 01, 1993
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Toshiro MAKINO, Mitsuru ISHIZUKA
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
320-327
Published: May 01, 1993
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The crucial problem of hypothetical reasoning system is its slow inference speed, while it is a useful framework for advanced knowledge-base systems. We present a hypothetical reasoning system with experience-based learning mechanism, which enables the speedup of inference in solving problems similar to the past ones by utilizing learned knowledge from prior problem-solving experience. This system acquires knowledge from the experience of trial and error behavior, which takes place in the hypothetical reasoning process. This learning method is similar to an explanation-based learning. However, unlike the explanation-based learning, this system has a learning capability even at intermediate sub-goals appeared in the inference process. Therefore, the learned knowledge is useful even in the case that a newly given goal to be proved shares the same sub-goals as those learned in the previous inference.
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Seiichiro DAN, Koh KAKUSHO, Tadahiro KITAHASHI
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
328-335
Published: May 01, 1993
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This paper describes a method of shape recovery from a monocular image. We usually have definite ideas about the three-dimensional shapes from a two-dimensional view though infinite number of shapes can produce the same view. To reduce the number, we must use some assumptions about the world. As the assumptions, we will use geometrical regularities, especially the orthogonality of the directions of the edges. In a cultural environment, we can find many right angles, and in many cases they definitely limit the shapes of the objects. By no means, however, we can perfectly point out the three-dimensional right angles on the two-dimensional image before the shape recovery. Therefore the total process of shape recovery should be considered as a kind of hypothesis-based reasoning. Here, a hypothesis is characterized by the assignments of orthogonality assumption to the angles. First, we define the local energy function that represents the error of an angle from the right angle to evaluate the orthogonality of two edges. Shape recovery under a hypothesis can be performed by minimizing the total of the local energy for each angle that is assumed to be a right angle. Next, we define the evaluation function of the hypothesis with respect to the recovered shape as a function of the above total energy and the number of right angles. As a result, the evaluation function becomes a function of both the shape and the assignments of orthogonality. By relaxative minimization of the function with respect to the shape and the assignments, shape recovery with dynamic assignment of orthogonality assumption can be performed. Some experimental results demonstrate the availability of the proposed method.
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Takashi MATSUYAMA, Tomoaki NITTA
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
336-347
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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Algebraic reasoning by Grobner bases method and Wu's method has been shown to be enough powerful to prove those complex geometric problems which could not been proven by logical reasoning. These algebraic methods, however, share a crucial limitation that they cannot handle any geometric concepts involving ordering relations like between and congruent angles. To solve this problem, we propose an integrated reasoning method which combines both logical reasoning based on geometric axioms and theorems and algebraic reasoning by Grobner bases method. In this paper, we prove the soundness of the proposed method and demonstrate its effectiveness with several illustrative examples.
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Shigeki GOTO, Hisao NOJIMA
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
348-356
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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This paper applies equilibrium analysis in micro-economics to analyze a stable structure in a model of human society. The structure is observed in the study of the distribution of information.It has a three-layered hierarchy and three layers are called brains, gatekeepers and end users. The three-layer structure is widely observed in a variety of research fields. For example, in computer networks, core gateways correspond to brains, stub gateways behave like gatekeepers, and local networks are just end users. The three-layer model is considered to be an essential extension of the popular "client and server" concept in computer science. This paper calculates the supply and the demand curves in micro-economics to show how the equilibrium is established. The law of diminishing utility is utilized to represent the distribution of information or knowledge. The calculations are straightforward if the dependence of the end users on the other layers is taken into account. The results can explain many properties of the three-layer model.
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Rika MIZUNO, Yoshinori SUGANUMA
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
357-366
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2020
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This study proposes a category formation model based on attributive differences and demonstrates its validity by psychological experiments and computer simulations. The basic suppositions of this model are a) relativity of attributive values which leads to change in attributive weights according to their differences and b) contextual change of degrees of attention toward attributes. Results of categorization experiments supported the basic assumptions above, and newly suggested the need of flexible contextual determination processes of degrees of attention, which led to the modification of the model. Simulations, given appropreate intial values of weights and degrees of attention, replicated the experimental results, indicating the validity of the modified model. Individual simulations of all subjects also demonstrated its effectiveness, but revealed problems on selection of attributes and reconstruction of representation. Finally the need of reasonable heuristics to change categorization strategy abruptly was discussed in terms of the differences between the processes in the experiments and the simulations.
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Hiroshi TSUKIMOTO
Article type: Technical paper
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
367-376
Published: May 01, 1993
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This paper presents a nonclassical logical model for the representation of uncertain knowledge. This paper is theoretically based on logic-probability dualism instead of logic monism. Firstly, the author shows that there is a correspondence between classical logic and the probability of independent events. This correspondence is extended to non-independent events. Consequently, a model for nonclassical logics is obtained. This model can be made into a Euclidean space, therefore logical functions can be represented as vectors (logical vectors). An information is introduced on the Iogical vectors. The author proves the information equals the ordinary information. A transformation formula from probability vectors to logical vectors is introduced. Due to these concepts, the discussion on the representation of uncertain propositions are possible.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Other
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
377
Published: May 01, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
378-379
Published: May 01, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
380
Published: May 01, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
381
Published: May 01, 1993
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Corner article
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
382-383
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Other
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
384
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Activity report
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
385
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Activity report
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
386-388
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Activity report
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
389-390
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Activity report
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
b001-b010
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Activity report
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
b011-b022
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Cover page
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
c003
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Cover page
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
c003_2
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Table of contents
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
i003
Published: May 01, 1993
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Article type: Table of contents
1993 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages
i003_2
Published: May 01, 1993
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