The establishment of experimental peripheral neuropathy and effect of moxibustion on it have been studied using male S. D. rats. To determine the condition of experimental peripheral neuropathy, rats were fed on the solution of acrylamide in the concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500p.p.m. The body weight decreased dependently on its concentration and the behavior in rats was also detriorated. Especially, ataxia, hindlimb weakness and muscle wasting in rats were remarkably observed.
The effect of moxibustion has been studied on the rats which fed on the 400p.p.m. acrylamide solution. The method of moxibustion is followes; 25mg of moxa was divided into 10 cones and they were treated by each 5 cones on right and left B-18, B-25 and G-34, respectively. The treatment of moxibustion was 6 times in 3 ones a week for 13 days.
As a results, after 12-13 days, moxibustion treated rats showed to improve the deterioration of behavior and muscle wasting induced by acrylamide. Especially, B-25 treated rats showed the improvement of weight in anterior tibial, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. On the other hand, steadiness on slope was decreased by acrylamide feeding and decrease of the steadiness was not improved by the treatment of moxibustion.
It is suggested that the sutable stimulation of moxibustion improved the deterioration of behavior and muscle waste on the acrylamide induced peripheral neuropathy in rats.

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Morphological changes of sciatic and tivial nerves have been observed microscopically and cholinesterase activities of anterior tibial, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles have been examined by the biochemical determination and histochemical method. 25mg of moxa/body (3 times a week, x6) were treated on the acupuncture point, B-18, B-25 and G-34 in acrylamide neuropathy rats.
After 400p.p.m. acrylamide treatment, the degeneration of peripheral nerves with myelin ovoids and foldes, and shrunken myelinated axons were observed. These lesions were advanced in the tibial nerve than in the sciatic nerve. In B-25 and B-18 moxibustion rats, good results were obtained to decrease myelin degeneration in peripheral nerves, but the lesions were advanced in G-34 rats than in acrylamide ones.
In the acrylamide rats, no change of muscle cholinesterase activity was found except the increase in the enzyme activity in the homogenate of anterior tibial muscle. In the gastrocnemius muscle of moxibustion treated rats, the microsomal fraction which contained much more sarcoplasmic reticulum showed high cholinesterse activity. And the activity per muscle protein showed various changes.
It showed that the stimulation of moxibustion had a mild effect to recover the experimental peripheral neuropathy induced by 400p.p.m. acrylamide because of morphological changes of sciatic and tibial nerves and weight of skeletal muscles.

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Effects of moxibustion on liver injury induced by CCl₄ and ethionine in mice were investigated in the reticuloendothelial system. The phagocytic activity was determined by the carbon clearance method and the activity of lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase) in peritoneal exudate cells was measured.
Male ddY and ICR mice (5 weeks old) were used as experimental animals.
Liver injury was produced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in a dose of 0.04ml/body in olive oil, p. o., or single administration of ethionine in a dose 1g/kg, i. p.
15mg of moxa was divided into 6 cones and they were treated by each 3 cones on right and left LV-14.
We obtained the following results. After 15 times administration of CCl₄ (3 times a week), the rise of serum transaminase (GOT, GPT), the decrease of K index and α index which meant phagocytic activity and the increase in liver/body (L/B) and spleen/body (S/B) weight ratio were recognized. For CCl₄ induced liver injury, α index and S/B weight ratio were improved by 10 times moxibustion (2 times a week). After 15 times moxibustion (3 times a week), the tendency to increase in K index and to decrease of α index was seen and, at the same time, an increase in L/B weight ratio was seen.
On the other hand, an increase in K index was induced after single administration of ethionine and simultaneous single moxibustion showed the tendency to decrease of K index.
It was suggested that moxibustion play an important role to regulate the mechanism of reticuloendothelial system on CCl₄ or ethionine induced liver injury.

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In our previous report on mice, we suggested that single moxibustion stimulation to CHIMEN (LV-14) activated blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity within normal range.
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the acute effects of moxibustion on blood coagulation activity in healthy adult men 1 and 3 hours after moxibustion. A single moxibustion stimulation to the right and left CHIMEN was made using a dose of 45mg of moxa divided into 30 cones.
The results were as follows:
1) decreased clot formation time (K) of thrombelastography 1 hour after moxibustion.
2) increased activity of hepaplastintest 3 hours after moxibustion.
3) decreased maximum value of platelet aggregation 1 and 3 hours after moxibustion.
4) decreased rate of segmented leucocyte and increased rate of lymphocyte 1 hour after moxibustion.
These results suggest that single moxibustion stimulation to CHIMEN have some influence on coagulation activity (the hepatic function on hepaplastintest), platelet aggregation and percentage of white blood cells.

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Acupuncture effects are frequently modified by additional acupuncture stimulations. In this study we tried to clarify the mechanisms of such phenomena using the rat jaw opening reflex. The reflex response was elicited by an electrical stimulus of the tooth pulp. The reflex EMG's were recorded from the digastric muscles. Single electroacupuncture stimulation (CS1) was delivered to the skin of a rat.
CS1 facilitated the reflex for 20ms after the stimulation, and then inhibited it from 40ms to 250ms. When CS1 was preceded by another electroacupuncture stimulation (CS2), the facilitatory effect induced by CS1 was enhanced CS2-CS1 interval being within 10ms. Then the reflex was inhibited when CS2-CS1 interval was 40-150ms. On the other hand CS1's inhibitory effect was suppressed by CS2 and the reflex reappeared while CS2 preceded CS1 at an interval of 100ms to 1.5s.

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The efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion for hypertension is often experienced by many clinicians. Nevertheless the mechanism whereby the therapy improves the symptoms has been scarcely elucidated. Our present study was designed to examine some effects of acupuncture upon the organism, especially upon the renal function which is implicated in hypertension.
Experiment I
Acupuncture therapy was undertaken four times on a patient with essential hypertension who was given no hypotensive drugs. In each therapy, needles (No. 2, Seirin) were perpendicularly inserted to the depth of 1.5cm at V₂₀ Fengchi, VU₂₁ Weishu, and G₃₆ Zusanli and left there for 15 minutes. The blood samples and urine were collected three times: before the insertion, 15min. and 60min. after withdrawing the needles. At the same time, blood pressure, pulse, and the amount of urine were measured. The amount of Na, K, Cl, kallikrein, catecholamines, etc. was measured in urine. The renin activity and the concentration of aldosterone, catecholamines, and BUN were determined in the blood. Result: a marked increase was seen in the excretion of urine, Na, and Cl. An upward tendency of kallikrein excretion which is correlated with urine volume, and a downward tendency of renin in the blood were found. Blood pressure and pulse showed a slight tendency to decline. However, neither catecholamines in the blood, nor K in urine changed significantly.
Experiment II
Subjects were two healthy adult men. Urine was collected once an hour for twenty-five times by means of a balloon inserted in the bladder. Immediately after the twenty-first collection, acupuncture stimulation was given to VU₂₁ Weishu in the same manner as Exp. I. With the same measurements and determinations undertaken, a marked increase of urine, Na, and Cl excretion was observed 15min. after withdrawing the needle.
Experiment III
Subjects were three healthy adult men. Urine was collected for two days. The amount of urine and the electrolyte content were calculated on a per hour basis. Without having breakfast after rising, the subjects were given a transfusion of glucose-electrolyte solution, equivalent to the calculated urinary output, every hour for four hours. The VU₂₁ Weishu was stimulated in the same manner two hours after the onset of the first transfusion. Result: a marked increase was seen in the excretion of urine, Na, and Cl.
Conclusion
It can be seen from the above that acupuncture stimulation to the VU₂₁ Weishu facilitates the selective excretion of Na and Cl in the urinary tubule.

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Pulse diagnosis has been taking an important part, together with the other diagnostic techniques, for determination of symptoms and treatment of patients with acupuncture. However, the traditional expression of pulse is complicated and subjective, so that the understanding of pulse diagnosis in termes of modern medicine is almost impossible. We tried to objectify the expression of pulse wave.
The pulse wave recorded from the six positions on radial artery according to the method described in Chinese Medicine through a force transducer. The recordings were processed for Fourier analysis utilizing a computer system. Characteristics of the pulse wave can be expressed quantitatively as a form of power spectrum of its components. The preliminary results of this study was reported at the 31th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Acupuncture. This time, we report the analysis on the basic pulse waves which have been recognized as negative-positive and imaginaryreal pulses.
Method
The subjects were normal volunteers of 36 males and 17. females. A force tranducer (Nihon Kohden TF-11S) Equipped with 0.52cm² of sensitive area was placed on the radial artery under the pressure ranging from 20 to 550gr. The pulse wave thus recorded was led into the electronic computer (HITAC-20) to obtain the power spectrum of the frequencies.
Results
It was found that characteristics of the six kinds of pulse waves, i. e., floating-sunken, smooth-leap and slow-fast types, can be represented quantitatively in terms of frequency histogram. Further, a possibility to express so called "complex pulse" in Chinese Medicine by this method is suggested.

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One of the characteristics of the diagnostic method in Oriental medicine is a pulse diagnosis. In this technique, the examiner places his index, middle and ring fingers on the wrist of the patient's hand above the radial artery and determines the fullness or emptiness of the six Meridians on each hand. In order to make this subjective method more objective, three pressure transducer sensors were placed over the radial artery and its method was previously described.
In this study, we used this objective pulse diagnosis and selected the proper Meridian points according to 5 element theory and improper points without considering it. Then we investigated the changes of the pain threshold by the thermo-dolorimetric method before and after the acupuncture stimulation.
An allergic patient who developed athmatic attack by many drugs was going to have nasal polypectomy. Acupuncture points were selected by this pulse diagnosis. 9 healthy volunteers were examined whether five element or non-five element points would elevate pain threshold.
Results
(1) The elevation of pain threshold by thermo-dolorimetric method before and after the acupuncture stimulation were observed only when the proper Meridian points were stimulated.
(2) Nasal polypectomy was performed under acupuncture analgesia without pain following the selection of 5 element points by this objective pulse diagnosis.

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Purpose
In the 31st and 32nd conference of the J. S. A., we reported that stimulation of an electrodermal point (i. e. the lung point) in the cavity of the concha depressed appetite and affected the metabolism of water. Since there are, however, so many electrodermal points, the question arises as to whether stimulation to any other electrodermal point has the same effect as this lung point. The purpose of this study is to clarify this question.
Method
Forty-two cases (men and women aged 18 to 50) of simple obesity (over+10% of standard body weight) were randomly divided into two groups: the group of the Cardia point stimulation (L-group), and the group of the cardia point stimulation (c-group). An intracutaneous (subcutaneous) needle was inserted in the point and kept there for two weeks, renewed once a week. The effects on depressing appetite and the metabolism of water were analysed as follows: The questionnaires for changes of the food intake, the feeling of hunger, the feeling of plenitude, the water intake, and the urinary output were given to the subjects, and they rated their responses into 4-6 grades according to our criteria. The body weight, serum osmotic pressure, and the concentration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was measured before and after the stimulation.
Result
The following changes were seen in both L- and C-group: the food intake decreased; the feeling of hunger decreased; the feeling of plenitude increased; the water intake decreased. The body weight decreased 0.8±0.1kg for L-group and 1.2±0.3kg for C-group. There was no significant intergroup difference. The urinary output showed a tendency to increase in L-group (p<0.10).
The serum osmotic pressure and ADH decreased significantly in L-group (p<0.02, p<0.02), while there was no significant change in C-group. However, there was no significant intergroup difference.
Conclusion
Stimulation applied to the lung point or the cardia point, which are electrodermal points in the cavity of the concha, was equally effective in depressing appetite and caused the same amount of weight loss. Stimulation to the lung point caused the decrease of the serum osmotic pressure and ADH, and the upward tendency of the urinary outout, while stimulation to the cardia point showed no significant change.
On the basis of this result, it is reasonable to presume that there is some difference between the lung point and the cardia point in affecting the metabolism of water, and that these two electrodermal points have different meanings.

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We examined effect of acupuncture anethesia for urological cancer pain.
Subjects were 32 patients (30 men and 2 women) aged from 21 to 84 (mean 59.9 years old).
The method used in the treatment of these patients was 1Hz low frequency stimulation for 20 to 30 minutes.
The following results were obtained:
1) The treatment had not an effect on neuroparalytic patients with bone metastasis who were observed cancerous cachexia.
2) The treatment often had an effect on non-neuroparalytic patients with bone metastasis. The patients had a slight symptom.
3) The treatment rarely had an effect on a numbness of lower extremities that was caused by peripheral nerve's injury.
The numbness was sometimes aggravated by some electric treatments using TNS.

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Acupuncture analgesia were successfuly used in dental extraction in some patients who were sensitive to local anesthetics. In this study this technique was applied to daily conservative dental treatment. Acupuncture analgesia can be established by transcutaneous electric acupuncture-like stimuration (TENS) in stead of inserting needles. The TENS were applied in Hoku point and Large Intestine # 10 with 3Hz at the ipsilateral side of the dental treatment.
Apparatus used were Tokki and Neuro-pulse acupuncture stimulator. Wave forms of both apparatus are spike wave with pulse width of 0.1msec. Plate electrodes were conductive rubber size of 3×4cm and were fixed at Hoku point and Large Intestine # 10 with adhesive tape.
Stimuration was continued from 20 to 30min with the strength of producing mild twitch while patients were sitting in the waiting room. 230 patients of dental conservative treatment were given TENS before cavity preparation, gingival plastic, tooth extraction, pulpectomy and others. Treatment was started under TENS alone, and when patient bigan to complain the intolerable pain, then the subperiosteal infiltration of local anesthetic was performed.
(1) Cavity preparation: 78 (85%) out of 92 were performed only with TENS. In 14 (15%) patients local infiltration were added.
(2) Gingival plastic: 29 Patients were given only TENS. Effect of TENS were excellent for the incision of gingiva, and there were no patients who added local infiltration.
(3) Pulpectomy: 60 Patients had pulpectomy. Only 12 (33%) out of 36 of alive pulp were done under TENS alone. As post arsenic treatment, however, in 23 patients out of 24, removal of already dead pulp was performed under TENS with good result.
(4) Dental extraction: In only 5 patients (23%) out of 22 of molar teeth extraction, extraction was performed under TENS. Non molar teeth extraction had poor results, too.
(5) Scaling caliculi: Scaling of the dental caliculi were done under TENS with excellent results. In conclusion, TENS is a simple and easy maneuver for every dentist to alleviate pains in the conservative dental treatments.

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In order to investigate the meridian phenomenon elicited by the stimulation on auricular acupuncture point, a patient, 58-year old, in whom marked meridian phenomena are observed on the body was selected as a subject.
The stimuli were ginen by means of a low frequency electrical stick method on the 210 auricular-points of the left ear.
The echo sensation to the remote district from the auriculo-points stimulated was observed in about 30% of the total points.
In 4.3%, the site to which echo sensation reached corresponded to the response organ that is expresed in the name of point. A point named “anesthetic point for tooth extraction” was one of the representatives.
The comfortable feeling over head, eyes, and whole body was also observed when stimulation was given to these points.

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Purpose
An organism receives internal and external stimuli successively. If the function of the organism become abnormal, the abnormality is projected on its body surface. Accordingly the condition of the organism's function can be grasped by palpation or other objective measuring methods.
Among these methods, we commonly put skin-electroresistance meters in clinical use.
However, the variation of the organism's function in a healthy condition has not been quantitatively grasped, while there are data on the variation of the values obtained from sick patients.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of values obtained from subjects in a healthy condition in order to grasp the abnormal variation of values more exactly.
Method
Subjects were sixth-year pupils of Osaka Municial Elementary School of Higashi Awaji. Neurometory was sutomatically recorded at the regular points 0.75 second after the onset of the measurement, with a neurometer (Improved Model D-401; Noiro Ika Kogyo Inc.) adjusted at 12V, 200mV.
Result
Excited H₆ large intestine channels, and inhibited F₂ liver channels and F₆ stomach channels were frequently seen as in the same time of other years.
Unlike adult subjects, the current intensity was low in the Yong meridians of the hand (H4, 5, 6), and high in the Yin meridians of the hand and the foot (H1, 2, 3, F1, 2, 3).

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