We carried out a 2 nd questionnaire survey to complement the results of the initial questionnaire survey in 2003. The results of the symposium, “Acupuncture treatment on the local area versus the distal area” from the 53rd JSAM (Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 2003 annual meeting and the first questionnaire helped us refer our continuing discussion. In the last survey we had selected subjects at random from members of JSAM who had been since more than 12 years ago. But in this survey we selected subjects whom we expected as leaders of schools or groups. All answers had to be described. We sent questionnaires to 87 members, and 41 sent back replies.
Items of investigation were the method of treatment (at modern acupuncture and moxibustion schools, traditional acupuncture and moxibustion schools, traditional Chinese medicine schools, etc..), the conditions under which local treatment and/or distal treatment are effective or ineffective, and syndromes for which local treatment and distal treatment are effective, and under those circumstances the theory of acupoint selection, the depth of insertion and resulting sensation. Eventually, opinions about both treatments were requested. The results were analyzed by simple and cross tabulation.
The subjects were leaders of schools or groups. This questionnaire was based on the results of the past two symposiums and the initial questionnaire. As a result this survey of opinions and ideas were collecting articulated and approached the achievement of our purpose.

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[Background/aim] Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, affecting more than 15 % of Western populations. It is characterized by a wide variety of persistent symptoms (abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, transit disorders) without any clear organic causes. Because medical treatments are sometimes ineffective, some patients with IBS seek alternative therapies to manage the condition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effect of acupuncture treatment in patients with IBS.
[Method] Four patients with IBS were treated with acupuncture according to the way of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We employed reversal single-case study design in which an acupuncture treatment period (“period B”) was alternated with no treatment period (“period A”). Ten or twenty times acupuncture therapies were performed during the “period B” and the length of the “period A” was comparable with the “period B” GSRS, frequency of defecation, softness of the stool, intensity of abdominal pain or abdominal fullness, and POMS were recorded over the periods.
[Results] During the “period B”, three patients showed a remarkable improvement in lower abdominal pain, abdominal fullness and QOL evaluated with GSRS, while the psychological condition evaluated with POMS showed inconsistent changes without a remarkable improvement.
[Conclusion] The result of our study indicated that acupuncture might be useful for the management of IBS.

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[Objective] There are two types of image the students have towards elderly people, positive and negative, and it is thought to be difficult for students to interact with elderly people when negative images are the most powerful. Changes in the students' feelings towards elderly people during their time in a nursing home are of importance when assessing the project's educational effectiveness. Given this factor, we have researched the changes in the students' impression towards elderly people before and after the project.
[Method] We carried out a research questionnaire before and after the project.
[Results] Number of valid response was 106 before the project (response rate 89.8%), and 56 after the project (response rate 47.5%). Over half (56%) of the students said that their image of elderly people changed after the project. Negative image comes from realising elderly people's physical disability and difficulty in having conversations with them, and positive image comes from understanding elderly people more by interacting with them.
[Conclusions] Although there was a growing awareness of elderly people and some of the students changed their feeling towards them, there are still students who have a negative image. We think that it is important to provide methods of approaches before and during the project to minimise these negative images.

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The earliest informations about acupuncture were introduced in France 1671 by an anonymous handbook of Chinese pulsology written by a French Jesuit. It preceded by more than a decade the books of Cleyer, Ten Rhyne and Boym.
During the 17 th century, the French society was fascinated by China and was familiarized with Chinese medicine through the medium of the abundant reports of the French Jesuits from the Peking court, but its interest was focused on the correlations between East and West through topics like pharmacopoeia and sphygmology. Acupuncture was just considered as an exotic and unscientific therapy, in spite of the influence of Kaempfer who brought many valuable informations.
The first clinical experiments of acupuncture were made in the beginning of the 19 th century by Berlioz, Cloquet and followers. A few later, Sarlandière was the first to supply electricity to implanted needles. But all these pioneers had a personal approach and did nothing but a “needle therapy” in loco dolente. Their misunderstanding, their excess and their failures resulted in giving up acupuncture from the middle of 19 th century. The remarkable work of Debry de Thiersant could not get it out of oblivion.
In the 1930's Soulié de Morant who had a deep knowledge of the Chinese world, achieved the renaissance of the true Chinese acupuncture in France. His followers keep on developing acupuncture till now through many active schools shared by scientific and traditional currents.
We point out here and there some facts that show the sporadic influence of Japan along the history of acupuncture in France.

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