Physiological and psychological effects, which the indoor rock climbing exerted on subjects comprised of 15 persons (11 males and 4 females, with an average age of 21.6) who had had no climbing experience, was examined and the following results were obtained.
1) The average heart rate was - in the order of trial: 130.5, 131.8, and 138.1 beats per minute, respectively. The heart rate for females was always higher by 10-15 than males.
2) The average heart rate for males amounted to the value 10 times of the RPE at the time of finishing. For females, however, the value 10 times of the RPE was larger than the average heart rate, which implies that this exercise was a big burden for them.
3) The regions of fatigue right after the climbing were the hand, the forearm, and the upper arm. Compared to the ‘pump-up’ condition of forearms, more fatigue and pain were felt in “the fingers, palms and the surface of hands”.
4) Subjects which are experienced can be classified into the following categories:“pleasure”, “a new awareness of the body ”, “an anxiety”, “pursuing a rational climbing movement”, “an impression on the climbing activity itself”, “a feeling of accomplishment”, “projection onto the life”, “a sense of ease”, “eagerness for the skill-up in climbing”, “a sense of unity”, “self-absorption”, and “a sense of envy towards others”.
Based on the findings mentioned above, we propose the following points for effective instruction and assistance. Climbing assignment must be fit to each individual. In our experiment, we gave the assignment with the same degree of difficulty, but we found the difference in the degree of burden, which the climbing gives to males and females, was more than we had imagined. It is advised to give the assignment according to the degree of difficulty; for example, what is appropriate for each individual, after a deep consideration over each person's physical characteristics. When the trainee has no experience in climbing, more consideration should be given to the palms than in the ‘pump-up’ condition of forearms. Lastly, effectiveness of climbing as a subject of adventure based program was reconfirmed, since the climbing includes in itself the effect of encouraging the self-observation. In the training, only the superficial “pleasure” should not be pursued.

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Bounding motion in a seated position on a G-ball^a) for children was observed with the aim of obtaining a basic knowledge of the effect of the G-ball motion on the children's sitting-posture. Dynamical and mental reflective analyses about the change in the posture before, after and during the motion were attempted. The results are as follows.
a) The name G-ball comes from the first letters of Giant, Gymnastics and Gravity.
1. The average tempo of the bounding motion for all the subjects was 109±6.2 bounds/minutes. Separately, it was 108±6.4 and 111±6.3 bounds/minutes for males and females, respectively. There was no significant difference.
2. The average value of BED (Back-Ear-Distance) in the sitting posture before and after the bounding motion was, 18.3±3.71 cm and 17.1±4.04 cm, respectively. It significantly decreased (P<0.01). Separately, BED significantly decreased both for males and females, but the decrease was more apparent for males (P<0.01) than for females (P<0.05). The average values of BED before and after the bounding motion for hump-back group were 21.8±2.53 cm and 20.3±3.84 cm, respectively. Those for the middle group were 17.3±0.96 cm and 16.3±1.57 cm. Both groups showed a significant decrease after the bounding motion (both groups P<0.01).
3. Both the values of BED at the highest and the lowest positions, averaged for every 15 bounds, showed a significant decrease as the number of bounds increased (P<0.05).
4. Mental reflection investigation executed after the exercise showed that 94.1% of the children gave a favorable answer.

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In this research, the ball-handling capability means ‘the capability to handle a ball skillfully and to hold it’. The objective of this research is to make clear the characteristics of shooting movement and to obtain the useful material in providing coaching in the future, by analyzing the shooting movement in three-dimensional dynamic analyses. The analyses were performed by looking at the effects of the following three elements on the shooting movement: (1) the morphological element coming from the size of a palm which is likely to give effects on the ball-handling capability, (2) the technical element coming from the way how to exert a force on the ball, (3) and the element of physical strength coming from grip strength. The morphological element gave its effect mainly on the strength of a force on the ball. When the morphological element was excellent, the chance of the ball's getting off the hand unwillingly was low, so that a quick force was found to be exerted on the ball. The technical element gave its effect on the way how to exert a force on the ball at the position where the back-swing was completed and at the time of the forearm forward swing. When the technical element was excellent, the back-swing could be quickly completed at a high position, producing an efficient forward-swing, resulting in a strong force exerted at the position of forearm forward-swing.The element of physical strength gave its effect on the necessity to give more speed to the movement at the position of back-swing in order to complement the ball's speed at the time of forearm forward-swing. When the element of physical strength was poor, it was suggested that a strong force was difficult to be exerted at the time of forearm forward-swing unless more speed was given to the movement.

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This is a case-study based on a follow-up survey on a subject named K.F. who had rapidly graded up the ranking order in a period as short as 8 months after entering a college but graded down the ranking order largely in the last year in college, in the senior year. We aimed at obtaining basic data which would guide in bringing up players, through an interview and a questionnaire concerning the causes for the failure in improving results in his last year at college. The results are as follows. We could not get a clear-cut evidence for the direct causes for degradation in competitive power in technical element, physical element, or in environmental element. We found a hint in psychological element such that (1) the player could not stand the pressure caused by attention from the surroundings, (2) and that the player was full of conceit as he had shown good results, (3) and that the player was too much conscious of the victory being too much occupied in keeping his good ranking. It was suggested that these factors aroused psychological and physiological tensions which prevented him from playing aggressively, possibly resulting in grading down the rank order. For the subject it was the first experience to advance in the high ranking to attract attention from the surroundings as a result. Moreover, the subject got those experiences in a short period of time. As a result, it seems that he could not find out how to cope with the situation. As a coach, when such a case is encountered, psychologically coaching the players against pressure seems necessary.

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