We described mainly our data as following.
I. Comparison between dopamine and dobutamine on hepatic circulation.
II. A comparison among trimetaphane, ATP and nitroglycerin on hepatic circulation and metabolism.
III. Various does of nicardipine hydrochloride on hepatic circulation.

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Single lumbar epidural administration of buprenorphine 0.1mg and 1.5%lidocaine was performed together with light general anesthesia in short duration lumbar spinal surgery. Postoperative pain relief was compared between the epidural group (EP group) and the group which received only general anesthesia (control group).
In the EP group, all the patients were painfree at the end of surgery and 67% of the patients needed no additional analgesics for the three postoperative days. In the control group, only 11% of the patients were painfree at the end of surgery and 33% of the patients did not require analgesics for the three postoperative days. The number of administration of additional analgesics was significantly less in the EP group than in the control group. The period from the end of the surgery to the first administration of additional analgesics was significantly longer in the EP group.
Moreover, epidural administration of these solutions makes it easy to perform a postoperative neurological examination, because of the rapid recovery as well as no prolonged sensory and motor block by epidural anesthesia.

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We investigated the problems and respiratory management during DLV with Broncho -cath^® in 24 patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
There were no critical complications, but 14 of 24 patients were marked by tube troubles (58%). Tube troubles included rupture of tracheal cuff, intubation into the opposite bronchus, tube dislodgment and obstruction of tracheal lumen. So, it should always be taken care of manipulation and condition of DLT.
SaO₂ monitoring by pulse-oxymetry and the surveillance by bronchofiberscopy were very effective to notice tubes troubles earlily. Also, it should always be paid attention to the feeling of respiratory bag during DLV with DLT.
Low PEEP or HFJV was added to the upper lung with the lower lung receiving IPPV, so that respiratory condition could be maintained almost satisfactorily. It was thought that HFJV was superior to low PEEP with regard to gas exchange. Although, low PEEP was still effective for arterial oxygenation, furthermore it could be used very easily.

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A 46-year-old man with liver cirrhosis who showed no evidence of ischemic heart disease underwent partial hepatectomy. Intraoperative electrocardiogram showed QRS prolongation three times, with the last attack being followed by ventricular fibrillation. Though resuscitation was difficult, the postoperative course was uneventful. As bupivacaine had been used epidurally, bupivacaine intoxication was initially suspected, but coronary artery spasms related to epidural anesthesia and the quantity of dopamine infused were later confirmed to have caused the attacks.
Coronary artery spasm occurred again during partial hepatectomy performed a year and a half later. This spasm was treated successfully with coronary vasodilators, and the cause of the spasm was determined to be respiratory alkalosis.

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Stellate ganglion block with fentanyl (F-SGB) was employed for relieving severe painin the head, neck and upper extremities in twenty patients. Their diagnoses included traumatic cervical syndrome, traumatic trigeminal neuralgia, cervical myelopathy, post-herpetic neuralgia and RSD. 50∼100μg of fentanyl in physiological saline 4∼5ml was injected to the stellate ganglion.
Immediately following F-SGB, almost complete pain relief was obtained without any motor or sensory paralysis for 61.8±47.2 hours (mean±SD).
These patients received the block 1 to 16 times with an average of 5.6 during period of 14 to 280 days.
Excellent pain relief was observed in twelve patients and moderate improvement was obtained in the remaining eight patients.
This method deserves further detailed clinical study.

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Stellate ganglion block with fentanyl (F-SGB) was employed for relieving severe painin the head, neck and upper extremities in twenty patients. Their diagnoses included traumatic cervical syndrome, traumatic trigeminal neuralgia, cervical myelopathy, post-herpetic neuralgia and RSD. 50∼100μg of fentanyl in physiological saline 4∼5ml was injected to the stellate ganglion.
Immediately following F-SGB, almost complete pain relief was obtained without any motor or sensory paralysis for 61.8±47.2 hours (mean±SD).
These patients received the block 1 to 16 times with an average of 5.6 during period of 14 to 280 days.
Excellent pain relief was observed in twelve patients and moderate improvement was obtained in the remaining eight patients.This method deserves further detailed clinical study.The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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A one year eight month old girl underwent Senning's operation because of transposi-tion of the great arteries. Two days after the operation, she developed severe respira-tory failure caused by a bronchial bleeding. Even though all means of conventional therapy were tried an alveolar-arterial oxygen difference remained above 600 for 24hrs, and mediastinal emphysema developed due to high airway pressure. Also airleakage around the endotracheal tube became uncontrollable. Therefore we decided to treat the patient with ECMO. After 52 hours treatment with ECMO she improved dramatically without complications. Though ECMO was applied for a short time, it could allow her lung to rest and facilitate the recovery.The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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The patient with critical stenosis(99%) of the left circumflex coronary artery was anesthetized with high−dose intravenous fentanyl (60μg•kg^-1) and epidural anesthesia for amputation of lower extremity to relieve DIC on the 24th day after acute myocardial infarction.
Little evidence of recurrence of myocardial infarction was obtained during operative and postoperative periods. DIC disappeared on the 3rd postoperative day.The authors emphasize that an adequate combination of anesthetic methods and postoperative management are very important for the patient who have suffered from an attack of acute myocardial infarction especially within three months.
The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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Tracheo-bronchial plasty were carried out successfully using high frequency jet ventilation at a rate of 1.3∼1.6Hz and 1.0∼1.2kg/cm² driving pressure.
HFJV is considered as an appropriate method for tracheo-bronchial plastic surgery, if frequent arterial blood gas analysis, frequent suctioning of airway secretion, correct positioning of the tip of catheter, and adequete stripping of peritracheal tissues from trachea prior to trachectomy are carried out.The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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We experienced anesthetic management of seven pregnant women with intracranial hemorrhage. Surgical clipping or coating for cerebral aneurysm during pregnancy was performed under general anesthesia three times on two of the patients. We maintained blood pressure within normal range and avoided controlled hypotension. Respiratory condition was maintained at a slight hypocapnia. Neither uterine constriction nor fetal distress was observed during surgery. Cesarean section was performed on all patients. General anesthesia was carried out on five patients because of serious maternal condi-tion or convulsion. Epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia were applied on two patients, respectively, because of no sign of intracranial pressure elevation. There were two cases of fetal death, including one of a set of twins. The other six neonates were intubated immediately after birth because of respiratory depression. Four of them were diagnosed as idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, while the other two babies were extubated within a few hours.
From our experiences it is suggested that the basic considerations in the anesthetic management of pregnant women with intracranial hemorrhage undergoing surgery are to keep maternal respiratory and cardiovascular condition stable and to prepare respira-tory resuscitation system for a neonate rather than the choice of anesthetic method for cesarean section.The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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We have inserted of an external pacemaker in order to avoid the pacing failure by an electrical cautery. The patient had been dependent on the DDD mode pacer. After the insertion of the temporary pacemaker, the temporary pacemaker's pulse current have been reduced from 3.0mA to ensure the pacing threshold. When the output reduced to 0.5mA, the patient have trasiently been thrown into the state of no ventricular capture. The cause was thought that the permanent pacemaker had been inhibited to sense the temporary pacemaker's pacing pulse which was also under the pacing threshold. By a chest X-ray, we have found that the two electrodes were so close in the right ventricle to interfere each other.
In using the electric cautery, the temporary pacemaker is useful to the perioperative management of the patient depending the pacemaker for no need to change the pacing mode (ex. fixed mode). But a caution must be paid pacemaker's electrodes not to close each other in the ventricle.The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia Vol.11 No.3, 1991

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