The Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology
Online ISSN : 1882-7233
Print ISSN : 0387-1193
ISSN-L : 0387-1193
Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Kohsuke SASAKI, Tetsuro OGINO, Yoshiaki NAGAMINE, Manabu TAKAHASHI
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is essential to fully understand the chemical mechanisms of dye-binding reaction of DNA in order to obtain reliable results in flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cellular DNA content. There are few reports on the binding process of propidium iodide (PI) to DNA although PI is frequently used as fluorescent probe for DNA analysis. The binding mechanisms was investigated with (fluorescent) spectrophotometer and flow cytometer using calf thymus DNA and Syrian hamster spleen cells Moreover, optimal concentration of PI for DNA analysis was determined and effects of RNAse treatment was examined.
    The absorption maximum was shifted from 494 nm to 540 nm in PI-DNA complex, and a well-defined isosbetic point was demonstrated at 525 nm. Excitation at 488 nm, where the relative quantum yield of PI bound to DNA was 24 times greater than that of free dye, results in an emission maximum at about 605 nm. Two modes of interaction were distinguished between PI and DNA, i. e., complex I which was observed only on small values of DNA/PI (K.=3×107/M) and complex II (K=8×105/M). Association constant (K) of hamster spleen cells was estimated to be 3×106/M from the FCM data. Optimal concentration of PI for cell staining was defined as 50 μg/ml, and in this concentration binding sites on nuclear DNA could be saturated by PI molecules. The channel of G1/GO peak of DNA histogram was greatly varied by slight changes of PI concentration when cells were stained with lower dye concentrations. RNAse treatment did not influence the position of G1/G0 peak, while it slightly improved CV (coefficient of variation) values of the peak in DNA histograms.
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  • Kaoru ASANAGI, Fumio HORIUCHI, Yasuhisa NAKAMURA
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We performed fine needle aspiration cytologic studies in a consecutive series of 142 cases with lid or orbital tumors during the past 7 years (July 1975 to Augut 1982). Postsurgical histopathological studies could be performed in 93 cases. The lesions proved to be malignant tumors in 46 cases and benign tumors in 47 cases.
    In the 46 cases with malignant tumor, aspiration cytology indicated malignant cells in 38 cases (82.6%) and strongly suspicious cells in 5 cases (10.9%). In 39 cases (84.8%), the histopathological structure was estimated by the cytological finding.
    In the 47 cases with benign tumor, aspiration cytology showed no malignant cells throughout and suspicious cells in only 6 cases (12.8%). Class I and II were 41 cases (87.2%). The cytologic findings were correlated with the histopathological diagnosis in 20 cases (42.6%).
    The fine needle aspiration cytology is recommended as a routine clinical procedure for its inherent value and for the minimum discomfort to the patient.
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  • 2nd article
    Koh FUJIOKA, Toshiaki HOMMA, Yoshiyuki UCHIDA, Takefumi SAITOH, Shizuo ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 16-23
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is applied to cytodiagnosis of the lung cancer by enzyme histochemistry. As intracellular LDH is thought to be influenced by some factors thought bronchial passway, differences between sputum and brushing are studied and analyzed on serum LDH and LDH isozyme patterns.
    The LDH activity are visualized by conversion of Nitro-Blue-Tetrazolium into insoluble formazan (2H). For this purpose, the Urea Inhibition Test is done by 2.6 mol urea in the staining solution for identification of the LDH-M subunits, compared with loss of LDH activity and total LDH.
    By the LDH stain, diformazan-positive normal cells have almost same activities in sputum and brushing material. And they do not show loss of LDH activity by the Urea Inhibition test. Diformazan-positive cancer cells in brushing materials show higher activity than sputum and they show loss of LDH activity by the Urea Inhibition test.
    The LDH-M subunits is thought to be dominant in cancer cells in sputum and brushing specimen. Intracellular LDH of cancer cells are not so influenced through bronchial passage and it is recognized as a good method of cytodiagnosis of sputum specimen in lung cancer.
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  • Reiko YAMAMOTO, Masaharu TATSUTA, Hiroshi KASUGAI, Yataka OKANO, Akira ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 24-32
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas using a heparinized 22-gauge fine needle was performed under ultrasonic guidance in 5 patients with benign pancreatic disease and 15 patients with pancreatic cancer. With this method, with heparinized needle and syringe, it was possible to centrifuge the materials obtained and make good smears containing abundant tumor cells, and to obtain small tissue specimens. Tissue fragments were fi xed and embedded by routine electron microscopic examination. Ultrathin sections were made and usually stained by Azan-Mallory stain. Correct diagnosis was cytologically made in all 20 patients suspected of having pancreatic malignancy. Histological specimens were obtained from 16 (80.0%) of 20 patients and correct diagnosis was histologically made in all patients from which histological materials were obtained. Cytological and histological microphotographs of the normal pancreas, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were presented. The sensitivity and specificity of this procedure for pancreatic cancer were 100%. Therefore, this procedure is a very reliable method for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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  • compared with normal cycle cells
    Naomichi SUGITA, Yoshi KUBOTA, Makio SHOZU, Masahiko MIWA, Susumu TERA ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Intravaginally aspirated smear patterns and tissues of pregnant rats were prepared and a comparative examination was made with the patterns at each phase of normal cycle.
    On day 1 of gestation a pattern close to the so-called estrus appeared, i.e. numerous spermatozoa and anuclear superficial cells accounted for the majority, and from the afternoon the horny layer exfoliated, causing a gradual increase of leukocytes. On day 2 a pattern resembling the so-called diestrus was observed. However, after days 4-5 occurred cylinder formation of cells and mucification in the upper layer facing the vaginal cavity as well as proliferation of the vaginal epithelium, showing a pattern completely different from diestrus in general. At the end of gestation the mucification reached a peak and its width showed 7-10 layers, also revealing a great mass of cylindrical myxocytes.
    As it is said in general that the smear pattern of rat at the initial period of gestation resembles the so-called diestrus, there are considerable differences in a strict sense, and particularly the mucification seems to be the most important point.
    However, even in the normal cycle group, myxocytes appeared during the late diestrus and no big difference was observed in quality between the two groups.
    Although it is estimated that the onset of mucification is attributable to an action of progesterone based on estrogen, it is also developed by adrenal androgen. Moreover there is a report insisting the involvement of pituitary system hormone, and its mechanism has not yet been elucidated.
    In the present study a method of fixing before smearing was tried and numerous well preserved cells were collected, suggesting clinical applications.
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  • Isao IWASAKI, Hirosato IWASE, Koichi NAGASAKA, Masafumi ISHIKAWA, Kats ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 40-44
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is such a rare tumor that only about 30 cases have been reported in the literature.
    We report a case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma apparently originating in the left lobe of the liver. The patient was a 65-year-old woman diagnosed as having a biliary cystadenocarcinoma by aspiration biopsy, echogram and C. T. Aspiration biopsy guided by echogram provided a reliable differential diagnosis from the cyst in the liver. The tumor tissue showed positive reactions to alkalinephosphatase, carcinoembryonic antigen and alphafetoprotein.
    An exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive intrahepatic melastasis. The patient died after surgery. At autopsy, the liver weighed 1, 500g. Multiple cysts ranging from thumb to first-sized, were observed on cut surfaces. Cysts were filled with mucinous material. There were also white and solid foci. The tumor was characterized by papillary cystoadenocarcinoma with transitional picture between the frank carcinoma and benign biliary cystepithelium. Such a transitional picture suggests malignant transformation of biliary cysts.
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  • Kunihiro NISHI, Fumitaka SONODA, Yoshimaru NAGAI, Ituro HAYASHI, Yasab ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have experienced a rare case of bilateral metachronous B cell lymphoma of the breast with terminal leukemic manifestation.
    The patient, a 65 year-old female, was admitted to the Kyushu Cancer Center in 1973 because of a right breast tumor.
    Under the histological diagnosis of medullary carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration (the diagnosis was reviced to malignant lymphoma by reobservation), super radical mastectomy was performed.
    After seven years from the first operation, she noticed a left breast tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of large cell type by following cytologic features in an imprint smear.
    (1) Lymphoma cells were round in shape and 20 to 35 microns in diameter with May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain (10 to 15 microns with Papanicolaou stain).
    (2) Some of nuclei were cleaved in shape, resembling lymphoblasts or centroblasts.
    (3) PAS stain was negative but acid phosphatase reaction was diffusely positive with finely granular. The findings were consistent with those of B cell lymphoma.
    Histologically the tumor was diagnosed as malignant lymphoma, diffuse, large cell type and B cell origin was confirmed by following immunological characters obtained from the leukemic tumors cells.
    Immunological findings of lymphoma cells in periphelar blood were as follows:
    (1) 91% positive for ERFC, (2) 85.9% positive for Ialike antigen (OKI 1), (3) 73.3% positve for anti-B1 antigen, (4) 33% positive for SmIg (κ-5%, λ-28%), (5) negative for C. Ig.
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  • Shigeo YOKOYAMA, Yoko HAYASHIDA, Hiroto YAMASHITA, Akira MORIUCHI, Hid ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 50-56
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sputum, biopsy materials taken from left lung and bronchoalveolar lavage from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were studied by light and electron microscopy and electrophoresis.
    A 53-year-old male with pneumoconiosis was pointed out the diffuse granular to small nodular shadows on his both lungs by the chest X-ray, which were not improved in spite of the treatement with antituberculosis drugs and other antibiotics. Transbronchial lung biopsy and cytology of sputum were performed, since pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was suspected. Histologic features of the biopsy specimens showed acidophilic and finely granular substance in the alveolar spaces, in which a few macrophages and/or degenerated alveolar epithelia were seen. Other fi ndings were anthracosis, silicotic nodules, squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa and infiltration of eosinophils.
    Cytologically, numerous eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals and a few mataplastic cells with mild to severe atypism were found in the sputum. In the background, fi nely granular substance, which stained positively by PAS staining, were sparsely observed.
    Electron micrographs showed many myelin-like structures and osmiophilic spherical ones. The formers were observed in some parts of the laters, and lamellar bodies originated from type II alveolar epithelia were also surrounded by the myelin-like structures.
    Chemical analyses revealed that intraalveolar substance was mainly composed of protein and phospholipid.
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  • Michiko YAMAMOTO, Yumiko MORISHITA, Yasuko OGURA, Itsuko MURAKAMI, Tos ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 57-64
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We report here cytological approach to metastasizing lung cancers. These tumors tend to manifest themselves irrespective of the bronchial epithelium or in the peripheral lung field, in spite of a higher frequency of metastasis to the lung as compared to other organs. Therefore, it is rather difficult to obtain bronchoscopically cells or tissues from metastatic focus, to diagnose these materials to be malignant, and to ascertain the primary sites. Our institutions have performed bronchoscopy on more than 150 cases with the pulmonary tumors for one-year period. During two years between from 1981 to 1982, we experienced four cases with metastasizing tumors which were visualized bronchoscopically because of their protrusion into the bronchial lumen ; the mode of these metastases to the lung is rather unusual. We have analized these four cases based on the findings obtained through x rays, bronchoscopy, cytology and pathology, and compared the cytopathologic findings with those of the primary tumors.
    These cases are: Case 1: a 45-year-old female with breast cancer. X-ray film showed the right middle pulmonary atelectasis due to obstructed entrance of the bronchus to the middle lobe. Imprints of biopsied materials consisted of cell clusters simulating small cell carcinoma. Case 2: a 48-year-old male with colon cancer. X-ray film showed a tumor shadow in the right lower lung field, and bronchoscopy revealed an irregular-surfaced, elevated lesion at the right lower lobe bronchus. Brushing materials consisted of cell clusters with highcolumnar epithelium. Case 3: a 68-year-old female with thyroid cancer. X-ray film showed a spherical tumor shadow in the left middle lung field, and bronchoscopy revealed a hemi-shperical elevation at the entrance to the left B4a. Imprints consisted of cell clusters with homogeneous and round nucleus. Case 4: a 77-year-old male with renal cancer. X-ray film showed a tumor shadow in the right lower lung field, and bronchoscopy revealed a cauliflower-like tumor formation at the entrance to right Bo. Imprints consisted of flattened cell clusters with clear, ample cytoplasm.
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  • Hideo TESHIMA, Tomonori WAKI, Yoko HAYASHIDA, Shigeo YOKOYAMA
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 65-69
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of a female with pleural effusion and ascites without typical initial manifestations of malignant histiocytosis, who died on the 30th hospital day, is presented.
    In the fluids of these cavities, many undifferentiated cells and variously differentiated abnormal histiocytes which showed erythrophagocytosis, and multinucleated cells were observed. They showed marked nuclear atypism. Diffuse infiltration of atypical histiocytes was also confi rmed in various organs and tissues, especially lymphnodes and omentum after postmortem examination. From the cytological and histopathological aspects, this case was diagnosed to be an atypical malignant histiocytosis.
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  • Tohru KURASHIGE, Mariko MORI, Tohru ARAKI, Makoto MOTOI
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 70-76
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of an 82 year-old female with malakoplakia of the urinary bladder detected by cystoscopy and urinary sediment cytology was reported. Histology of bladder biopsy revealed histiocytic granuloma. Michaelis-Gutmann bodies (M-G body), diagnostic indication of this disease, were detected in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes appeared in the urinary sediment and the bladder biopsy. These bodies varied in stainability and reactivity for hematoxylin, PAS reaction, Berlin blue stain and Kossa's method. Ultrastructually M-G bodies were large phagolysosomes containing many small granules with high electron density. The deposit of granules increased and formed typical M-G bodies with the center region being as dense as core and ring like outer structure. From the above results, M-G bodies can be assumed to be gradually formed by deposit of calcium, iron and others to the content of the phagolysosome containg bacteria products.
    Cytologic examination of the urinary sediment may be of diagnostic value in identifing this disease.
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  • Haruo SEKI, Masahiro ISHIZUKA, Eiichi OGAWA, Masahiro MAKI, Yoshimasa ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 77-83
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterine corpus confined to the endometrium was presented. The patient was 52 year-old, gravida 0, para 0, woman who complained atypical genital bleeding and lumbar pain.
    In the vaginal pool smear, clusters of adenocarcinomatous cells were obserbed, and we suspected endometrial carcinoma. Abdominal hysterectomy was performed, macroscopically a 3×2.5×2.5 cm sized, dark red colored, pedunculated polypoid tumor was obserbed at the posterior wall of the endometrium near the fundus. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The former was well differentiated adenocarcinoma. The latter were composed of leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma (as homologous elements), and rhabdomyosarcoma and myxomatous myxomatous tissue (as heterologous elements). Immature rhabdomyblasts were obserbed in rhabdomyosarcoma but we failed to demonstrate cross striations by PTAH stain. Diastase resistant PAS staining was positive in these cells.
    We reexamined the vaginal pool smear and detected only one unusual multinucleated giant cell which was thought to be derived from the sarcomatous tissue. So, we considered that we may be able to diagnose carcinosarcoma or mesodermal mixed tumor by the recognition of a biphasic cellular pattern consisting of carcinomatous cells and sarcomactous cells.
    Mesodermal mixed tumor of the uterus has been considered to be fatal, but when it is confined to the uterus especially to the endometrium, it's prognosis may be good by sugery alone.
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  • Toshihiko IKARASHI, Norihito SUDO, Motoyasu FURUYA, Hisashi IWAMOTO, H ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 84-91
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of micro-adenocarcinoma of the endocervix, showing many atypical endocervical cells in cytologic cancer screening.
    A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a medical checkup. Vaginal exammination failed to show any abnormality, but the endocervical smear revealed abnormal cells with palisade-like, rosette-like and sheet configuration. The squash smear obtained by curette with sharp cutting end exhibited many malignant cells, which had deviated large oval nuclei without apparent tumor background among normal cervical cells. The fine nuclear chromatin evenly distributed. Neucleoli were not prominent and cytoplasm stained weakly eosinophilic. Uterine cervical cone biopsy was performed for the pathological diagnosis. The pathological lesions were composed of adenocarcinoma in situ and micro-invasive adenocarcinoma (micro-adenocarcinoma) of the endocervix and abnormal squamous epithelium. The former lesion occupied about 0.3-0.8 0.8 cm in width at 6 to 10 o'clock direction, and the latter lesion occupied at 12 to 8 o'clock direction clockwise. Hence, diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ and micro-invasive adenocarcinoma (micro-adenocarcinoma) of the endocervix with abnormal squamous epithelium was made. The definitive surgery with radecal hysterectomy was performed.
    The squash smear obtained by curette with sharp cutting end and uterine cervical cone biopsy were beneficial for making the proper diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ and micro-invasive adenocarcinoma (micro-adenocarcinoma) of the endocervix because of providing better cytologic and histologic specimens from the endocervical canal.
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  • Mariko MORI, Tohru KURASHIGE, Tamotsu YOSHIOKA, Hiroaki MOTOYAMA, Syuj ...
    1984 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 92-96
    Published: January 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case of primary adenocarcinoma originated in Bartholin's gland diagnosed from cytology of the “Krebsmilch”-like secretion and punch biopsy was reported.
    Cytologic features of this case were:(1) large amounts of abnormal cells ocurred in a tight cluster of cells in the smears of the secretion, (2) the touch smears of the tumor contained high columnar cells with glandular arrangement. Histology of the tumor was relatively differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. A electron microscopic study revealed junctional complexes, luminal microvilli and secretory granules. The patient, treated with simple vulvectomy, is alive without any signs of recurrence for two years.
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