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Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Katsuji TAGUCHI, Minoru IWAHARA, Masashi FUJITA, Yoshie MURAISHI, Yuko ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine diagnostic accuracy for Candida species in routine cytologic examinations, Candida species found in 47 examinations of routine vaginal smears were morphologically and morphometrically analyzed. The species of Candida had been mycologically confirmed at the same time in each cases.
In cases with C. albicans, large yeast cells with a long diameter of more that 4 μ were predominant, and they displayed pseudohyphal and hyphal growth. Conversely, 98.5% of C. glabrata in vaginal smears had long diameters less than 4 μ, and there were no hyphae or pseudohyphae in any of the cases. In cases with C. krusei, large yeast cells having a long diameter more than 6 μ were often observed. An elongated oval shape is an important morphological characteristic of C. krusei.
Candida species can be identified by a routine cytologic examination based on these morphological characteristics. The accuracy of differentiating between C. albicans and C. glabrata in especially emphasized.View full abstractDownload PDF (12165K) -
Toshihiko TOKI, Atsushi MORI, Yumiko KATO, Hiroe OIKAWA, Fumiaki TEZUK ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 8-12
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven cytologic findings were judged and the final diagnosis was determined by 10 cytotechnologists (CTs) for 10 pairs of specimens (20 specimens) and 40 endometrial smears, and the results were compared to assess intraobserver and inter-observer reproducibility, respectively. Although there was a little variation in intra-observer reproducibility, “papillary structure” and “irregular cellular accumulation” showed less agreement. Kappa statistics revealed that “tumor diathesis”, “enlarged nuclei”, and “anisonucleosis” showed better agreement, but “hyperchromasia” and “papillary structure” showed poor agreement with respect to inter-observer reproducibility. Agreement in grading “suspicious” was generally much worse than for “negative” and “positive”. The importance of the cytologic findings that predicted the final diagnosis varied among the CTs. These results suggest that the criteria for assessing malignancy in endometrial cytology are not consistent and that definite criteria need to be established.View full abstractDownload PDF (4192K) -
Junko MARUTA, Shiro NOGUCHI, Hiroto YAMASHITA1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the cytological features of thyroid cystic lesions we reviewed 2254 aspirated specimens. Cystic changes were observed in 110 (21%) of 531 papillary carcinomas, in 26 (43%) of 61 follicular carcinomas, in 565 (65%) of 865 follicular adenomas, and in 622 (78%) of 797 adenomatous goiters. Large papillary carcinomas and follicular adenomas tended to exhibit cystic changes (both p<0.001). No epithelial cells were present in 42% of the aspirated specimens from cystic lesions versus in 9% of solid tumors. The absence of epithelial cells was typical of benign cystic lesions. When epithelial cells were present in aspirated specimens, 90%(77/86) were correctly diagnosed in cystic papillary carcinomas on the basis of the findings in the first or upto the second aspiration specimen. Thus, at least twofold samples are recommended for the fine-needle aspiration cytology of cystic lesion.
The cytological characteristics of cystic papillary carcinoma were papillary appearance with several vacuolates, disentangled boundaries of epithelial cell clusters, and many histocytes in the smear background. A ground-glass appearance was rare. Although intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear grooves were frequently observed, they were also observed in benign lesions, and therefore could not be considered definitive criteria. Isolated cells were rarely observed in benign lesions. Heterogeneous cell morphology in small clusters was present in benign as well as malignant lesions. Heterogeneity in more than one cluster is required for a reliable diagnosis. The above cytological findings will ensure the diagnostic accuracy of cystic lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (6714K) -
Yasunobu FUNAMOTO, Shoji KOBAYASHI, Masami NAGAI, Kohji KOHNO, Fujio K ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpression of EBV-LMP-1 antigen, bcl-2 product, and Ki-1 (CD 30) antigen was immunocytochemically investigated in imprints from 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed on a histological basis. LMP-1 was positive in nine of the 24 cases (37.5%)(3/6 in type LP, 3/9 in type MC and 3/9 in type NS), which is consistent with the results of previous studies by histochemical analysis. bcl-2 was positive in seven of the 17 cases (41.2%)(0/3 in type LP, 3/9 in type MC and 4/5 in type NS). bcl-2 was positive in only three out of nine LMP-1 positive cases, and they were not statistically correlated. Ki-1 (CD 30) was positive in 21 of the 24 cases (87.5%)(5/6 in type LP, 9/9 in type MC and 7/9 in type NS). LMP-1 and bcl-2 were positive in some typical Hodgkin cells and Reed-Sternberg cells, but Ki-1 was positive in the majority of them.
Interestingly, atypical mononuclear cells with fine nuclear chromatin and pale cytoplasm were also positive in seven LMP-1 positive cases. These cells are larger than small lymphocytes, but smaller than typical Hodgkin cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. Furthermore, some of the atypical mononuclear cells were similarly positive, in seven bcl-2 positive cases, and these cells were mostly positive for Ki-1 (CD 30).
Our results indicate that:(1) Immunocytochemical analysis of imprint specimens is as sensitive as immunohistochemical analysis, and it is useful for etiological analysis of Hodgkin's disease, and that (2) afraction of Hodgkin cells may derive from atypical mononuclear cells with fine nuclear chromatin and pale cytoplasm as a result of transformation by EBV, and a contribution of bc1-2 product was also suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (3652K) -
Miyuki MATSUBARA, Masashi KAWAMOTO, Kouichi TAMURA, Yasuhiko WATARAI, ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 25-29
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSebaceous carcinoma usually occurs on the head and neck, particularly in the Meibomian glands of the tarsus. We report an extremely rare case of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma arising in the labia minora from the stand point of the cytological findings. Scratche cytology and aspiration cytology were performed in a 78-year-old woman who had an asymptomatic vulvar tumor and swollen inguinal lymph nodes.
Cytologically, the smears from both areas showed tightly arranged clusters of ovoid cells with vacuolated or foamy cytoplasm and nuclei located in the center.
Histologically, the tumor cells had a solid configuration in each tumor lobule and had Sudan III-positive clear cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, epithelial membrane antigen, keratin wide spectrum and AE 1 were positive, and a diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was made.
Electron microscopcally, the tumor cells were found to contain glycogen granules, various -size lipid vacuoles and desmosomes.
A lipid vacuolated or foamy structure in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells observed by. cytology is an important cytological characteristic of sebaceous carcinoma. It is possible to distinguish sebaceous carcinoma from adenocarcinoma and basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation because of the distinct appearance of the nucleolus and cytoplasm in each tumor.View full abstractDownload PDF (10565K) -
Tetsuyuki YONEDA, Junzo KIGAWA, Takashi IRIE, Yasuhiro KANAMORI, Hiroa ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 30-33
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report documents an uncommon case of transitional cell carcinoma of Bartholin's gland. A 61-year-old woman came to our hospital complaining of atypical genital bleeding and a vulvar tumor. Examination revealed a left vulvar tumor located at Bartholin's gland, with a diameter of 13 mm in its greatest dimension, that was white, firm, and not indurated. There was no inguinal lymph nodes enlargement on either side. Histological examination revealed a clear transition from normal Bartholin's gland elements to transitional cell carcinoma. A diagnosis of primary transitional cell carcinoma of Bartholin's gland, classfied as stage I accord ing to FIGO clinical stage, was made. Cytodiagnosis of the tumor revealed thick basophilic cytoplasm without vacuoles and nuclei of varying size without multiple stratification. No HPV was detected by PCR. Radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal node dissection was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful.View full abstractDownload PDF (6512K) -
Takashi SASASE, Reio SUGANUMA, Youko KAWAGUCHI, Takeshi KURECHI, Koji ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 34-38
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a single case of ovarian neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 49-year-old woman. The tumor, 14×14×6.5 cm in size, had totally replaced the right ovary. The cut surface revealed it to be multicystic and yellowish in color. The content of the cysts was clear and serous in nature. A 5-cm -diameter solid tumor was also found in the cervix.
Cytologically, the tumor cells were scatterd or arranged in a sheet-like fashion. The cytoplasm was scanty, and the nuclei were round. The nuclear chromatin was granular, and the uncleoli were prominent.
The histological appearance of the ovarian and the cervical tumor was the same. The tumor cells were arranged in an insular and trabecular pattern with rosette formation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for NSE, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Electoron-microscopic examination revealed neurosecretory granules.
There was extensive hematogenous systemic metastasis to the brain, liver, and lung. The total clinical course was 9 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (11107K) -
Application of double staining with fluorescencedye for fungiTomoko FURUTA, Masatomo KIMURA, Kayo OTSUKA, Tadao UESUGI, Takaaki CHI ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 39-43
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report an autopsy case of Aspergillus brain abscess that had extended from Aspergillus sinusitis, and attempted to detect the fungus in cytology specimens byFungiflora Y® and Papanicolaou double staining. An 80-year-old man was found to have right orbital and sphenoidal aspergillosis. Treatment with antifungal agents was ineffective, and a brain abscess was detected by magnetic resonance imaging seven months later. The patient's condition deteriorated and he died. Pus from the brain abscess was used to makes smear and Fungiflora Y®-Papanicolaou double staining was performed. It was difficult to detect the fungi on screening with the ×10 objective lens of light microscope because of their faint color. However, under a fluorescence microscope the fungal hyphae were apple green and it was very easy to detect them. Thus, Fungiflora Y®-Papanicolaou double staining seems very useful for detecting fungal hyphae on smear cytology.View full abstractDownload PDF (10146K) -
Taketoshi MATSUMOTO, Tetsuro KODAMA, Takeo MATSUMOTO, Tsukasa KANEKO, ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 44-48
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in a case of pulmonary endodermal tumor (PET) resembling fetal lung in a 30-year-old female is reported. PET is a very uncommon malignant tumor of the lung resembling the pseudoglandular stage of fetal lung. FNA smears showed two types of tumor cells: 1) relatively small, fairly uniform tumor cells with scant pale cytoplasm appearing as cohesive cell groups and as scattered, isolated cells, some of them exhibiting gland formation, and 2) clusters of large cells with abundant cytoplasm and round nuclei containing evenly dispersed, granular chromatin, some of which had optically clear nuclei. Histologically, the tumor was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma characterized by double-layered, tall columnar cells with clear cytoplasm and round, often basally located nuclei with few mitoses. In some areas, aggregates of cytologically bland epithelial cells with indistinct margins, resembling morulas, were present adjacent to or occasionally projecting into the lumen of the tubules. Left upper lobectomy was performed, and no lymph node metastasis was found. The patient is alive without recurrence 4 years after resection.View full abstractDownload PDF (8909K) -
Imunocytological and immunohistological reportToshiaki KUNIMURA, Akiko ARAKAWA, Nobuyuki OOIKE, Nobuo MIYASAKA, Keik ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 49-55
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn operated case of malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor is reported. A 47-years-old man was admitted to our hospital after a pancreatic tumor and multiple liver tumors were diagnosed at another hospital. Clinically, peripheral blood laboratory data were almost completely within the normal range, but abdominal US and CT revealed a tumorous lesion measuring 7 cm in diameter extending from the body to the tail of the pancreas. Celiac artery and SMA angiography showed that the tumor was hypervascular, and a biopsy specimen of a hepatic tumor suggested metastatic endocrine tumor. Distal pancreotomy was performed with a diagnosis of malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor.
Cytological examination of the cut surface of the tumor revealed large atypical cells having a solid/trabecular structure. The nuclei varied in size, and the chromatin pattern was granular with prominent nucleoli, but there was no clear evidence or malignancy.
Immunocytologically, the atypical cells were positive for chromogranin A and focally positive for both somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. CEA and CA 19-9 were also identified in the cells. Histological examination revealed malignant endocrine tumor with perineural and capillary invasion. The immunohistological findings were the same as those obtained in the cytological examination.
It is difficult to judge the malignancy of pancreatic endocrine tumor on the basis of routine cytological examinations, but exocrine differentiation detected by immunocytological procedures might be helpful in judging malignancy.View full abstractDownload PDF (15826K) -
A case of metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma diagnosed by needle aspiration cytology of the liverKeiko OHTA, Takahisa TSUKAMOTO, Sonoe ITOH, Yoshitaka OHTA, Yuuji ITOH ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 56-61
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of adrenal cortical carcinoma is reported.
A 60-year-old woman with liver dysfunction, hypokalemia, hypertension and edema was admitted to our hospital for treatment.
A CT scan revealde multiple nodular lesions of the liver and a mass lesion in the suprarenal region.
Needle aspiration cytology of the liver yielded the following:
1) Numerous malignant cells were found in clusters or as scattered isolated cells with a necrotic background.
2) Multi-nucleated large cells with marked atypia, and small cells with round nuclei were present together.
3) The tumor cells had a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio. The cytoplasm stained light green and had an indistinguishable margin. Bare nucleated cells were also seen.
4) The nuclear chromatin in small tumor cells was fine, and rough and unevenly distributed was observed in large cells. There were prominent single or multiplenucleoli.
Based on the cytological and clinical findings, we made a diagnosis of cortical carcinoma with liver metastasis.
This case showed evidence of Cushing's syndrome in the form of excess adrenocortical hormones on laboratory examination.
Immunohistochemical studies of imprint smears from autopsy material showed that most tumor cells stained positive for cortisol and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin.
Histologically, tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm proliferated solidly and displayed a trabecular or alveolar arrangement. The tumor was diagnosed as adrenal coltical carcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (11568K) -
Chieko KIYA, Kunihiko WAKAKI, Yoshinobu MAEDA, Eikichi OKADA1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 62-65
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of yolk sac tumor of the testis in a 3-month-old male is reported.
The serum AFP value was 64, 200 ng/ml, but it decreased to 7 ng/ml after resection of the tumor in the right testis. An imprint smear of the tumor showed epithelial and sheet-like clusters. The tumor cells had round-to-oval shaped hyperchromatic nuclei of various sizes and clear, foamy cytoplasm. They contained one or two prominent nucleoli. Intra-and extracytoplasmic hyaline globules stained light green with Papanicolaou's stain and were positive for the PAS reaction. Histologically, the tumor cells formed cystic or reticular nests. Glomerulus-like structures (Shiller-Duval bodies) and PAS-positive, diastase-resistant hyaline globules were found. Immunohistochemically, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells was positive for AFP, α1-antitrypsin and cytokeratin, but stained negative for hCG, CEA, CA 125, vimentin, and placental Al-P.
AFP-positive hyaline globules are characteristic of yolk sac tumor.View full abstractDownload PDF (6561K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 66
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (77K) -
Shoichi INOUE1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 67-70
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical cytology is a useful method for the diagnosis of cancer using only a small amount of specimen. However, the recent development of an optical fiberscope has provided a good supply of clinical samples. These samples can be analyzed by molecular biology and cytometry, useful methods that may predict the prognosis and detect precancerous lesions. In this symposium the application of new techniques into clinical cytology is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Takeshi NAGASHIMA, Masato SUZUKI, Masaki OSHIDA, Hideyuki HASHIMOTO, H ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 71-75
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was carried out to evaluate the lymph node status of papillary thyroid cancer with preoperative morphometric estimations of nuclear variations.
Morphometric analyses including the nuclear size, shape and the coefficient of variation of the nuclear area (NACV) of cancer cells were performed, using aspirated cytological materials obtained from patients with papillary cancer. The frequences of observed intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear grooves per case were also counted. Among the quantitative parameters, NACV correlated most significantly with lymph nodal involvement (p<0.0001). Furthermore, NACV correlated well with the number of metastic lymph nodes, and high NACV values were noted in cases with recurrence. Prospective study revealed the efficiency of the NACV cut-off point to be 22%.
In conclusion, preoperative quantitative estimation of cytological features is a useful approach for predicting lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancers.View full abstractDownload PDF (3406K) -
Naoki YOSHIMI, Natsuko INO, Kyoko TAKAHASHI, Satoshi TOSHIMA, Tadashi ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 76-80
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTelomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telometric DNA on chromosome ends, and may be related to the aging and immortality of cells. Recently, a telometric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay for telomerase activity, using the polymerase chain reaction, was developed. In this study, we examined the limitations of this TRAP assay by applying it to a cultured colon cancer cell line (COLO 320) and 58 human cytological materials from body cavity effusions, and obtained the following results.
1) The limits of the TRAP assay were 20-50 cells for the COLO 320 cell line.
2) One COLO 320 cell per 100 normal blood white cells was detectable.
3) Seventeen of 58 samples were positive for telomerase activity in this study. The sensitivity was 69%(9/13) and the specificity was 87.5%(28/32) between cytological diagnosis and telomerase activity.
4) Among 29 malignant cases, 15 were positive for telomerase activity, while there were 11 cytologically positive cases. The positive cases detected by the combination of cytology and telomerase activity accounted for 21 of the total 29 cases (72.4%).
As mentioned above, these results suggest that the measurement of telomerase activity in body cavity effusions may be useful as an adjunctive tool for cytological and clinicopathological diagnosis and that this technique is potentially applicable to remnant cytological materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (3317K) -
Kayako SHIMAMURA, Yosiya TOME, Kiyoaki NOMOTO1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 81-91
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe laser scanning cytometer (LSC) is a newly developed non-confocal laser scanning microscope with the advantages of a flow cytometer, an image analyzer, and a cytofluorometer. Using smears and imprints, we can quantitate the fluorescence intensity of cells quite rapidly, analyze the data, and observe cellular morphology as well.
Application of this technique to routine cytology offers many possibilities. It can enhance the objectivity of cytologic diagnosis. It opens up a new way of reevaluating the cyto-morphologic criteria for malignancy, and it permits the use of cytology to assess grades of malignancy, prognosis, chemotherapy sensitivitiy, and therapeutic efficacy.
Using standard procedures, nuclear DNA analysis on routine cytologic slides applying LSC was possible in 9 of 40 urine specimens; 13 of 20 specimens of body cavity fluids, bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, and washings of needles used for fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast; and 3 of 20 archival Papanicolaou-stained slides. These results show that it is difficult to apply the LSC to cytology without future standardization of specimen preparation, methods of measuring smears and imprints with more or less degeneration, and means of analysis of complex DNA histograms. We demonstrated specimen preparation techniques specifically suited for use with the LSC. The techniques focus on cell isolation, preparation of smears with less cellular degeneration, and decoloration of Papanicolaou's stain prior to propidium iodide staining. Such techniques will ensure the reliability of the data obtained when the LSC is applied to cytology specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (12210K) -
Akemi TAKENAKA, Hiroyuki UEHARA, Akihiko NAKAIZUMI, Yoshihiko KISHIGAM ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 92-97
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, it was reported that detection of K-ras point mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic juice is an objective method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but a few reports have suggested that this might represent an early event in pancreatic oncogenesis. In the present study we examined the occurrence of K-ras codon 12 point mutation in the pancreatic juice of various patients and compared it with pancreatic juice cytology, which is also a reliable diagnostic method. Pancreatic juice was obtained endoscopically from patients with various pancreatic disorders and patients without definite disease, and was examined cytologically and for the occurrence of K-ras codon 12 point mutation. The K-ras gene was amplified by the enriched polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutation at codon 12 was examined by single-strand polymorphism conformation (SSCP) analysis followed by direct sequencing. K-ras point mutation at codon 12 was detected in 13 of 15 (87%) cases of pancreatic cancer, in 7 of 13 (54%) cases of chronic pancreatitis, in 8 of 12 (67%) cases of pancreatic cyst and in none of 5 patients without definite pancreatic disorders. K-ras point mutation was detected in 12 of 13 (92%) pancreatic juice samples containing cancer cells and in 16 of 21 (76%) pancreatic juice samples containing atypical cells, but in none of the samples containing only normal cells. Therefore, K-ras point mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic jujce was considered useful in identifying patients at high risk for the development of pancreatic cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (7679K) -
Mitsugu ISHIZAWA, Hanako MATSUSHIMA, Sawako TAKAHASHI, Kunio MIZUGUCHI ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 98-99
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6617K) -
Masayo WADA, Toshiaki MORIKI, Tamotsu TAKAHASHI, Shousuke UETA, Hirosh ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 100-101
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5574K) -
Takenobu NAKAGAWA, Kazuhisa MIYAKAWA, Osamu NAKAMURA, Motohiro TAKEYA, ...1997 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 102-103
Published: January 22, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: November 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6272K)
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