Cellular polyamines of 25 newly validated thermophilic, acidophilic, alkaliphilic or radio-resistant bacteria (eubacteria) and 35 methanogenic, thermophilic or extremely halophilic archaea (archaebacteria) were analyzed by HPLC and GC. In the domain Bacteria, quaternary branched penta-amines,
N4-bis(aminopropyl) norspermidine and/or
N4-bis (aminopropyl)spermidine, were detected in the extreme thermophiles,
Hydrogenovirga and
Thermodesulfidibacter of the phylum
Aquificae and
Thermus of the phylum
Thermus-Deinococcus. A liner penta-amine, homocaldopentamine, was found in moderately thermophilic
Thermodesulfovibrio. Spermine, a tetra-amine, was found in the moderate thermophiles,
Meiothermus,
Exilispira,
Desulfurispora,
Desulfotomaculum,
Caloramator and
Calditerrivibrio but not in slightly thermophilc
Thiofava and mesophilic radio-resistant
Deinococcus. An acidophilic slight thermophile,
Acidimicrobium, contained only cadaverine as a novel polyamine profile. The occurrence of spermine in mesophilic
Acanthopleuribacter belonging to the phylum
Acidobacteria was a unique profile. Alkaliphilic
Alkalibacterium species were devoid of cellular polyamines. In the phylum
Euryarchaeota of the domain Archaea, the branched penta-amines were distributed in the extremely thermophilic genera,
Methanocaldococcus,
Archaeoglobus and
Thermococcus but not in hyperthermophilic
Methanopyrus as well as in the mesophilic genera,
Methanobacterium,
Methanosaeta,
Methanolobus,
Methanocella and
Methanofollis. Some methanogenic mesophiles contained spermine. Long and branched polyamines were not found in 23 extreme halophiles and halalkaliphiles belonging to the order
Halobacteriales.
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