The shape memory composite (SMC) with shape memory alloy (SMA) and shape memory polymer (SMP) was fabricated, and the two-way bending deformation and recovery force were investigated. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) Two kinds of SMA tapes which show the shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) were heat-treated to memorize the round shape, respectively. The shape-memorized round tapes were arranged facing in the opposite directions and were sandwiched between the SMP sheets. The SMC belt can be fabricated by using the appropriate factors: the number of SMP sheets, pressing force, heating temperature and holding time. (2) The two-way bending deformation with an angle of 56 degrees in the fabricated SMC belt is observed based on the SME and SE of SMA tapes during heating and cooling. (3) If the SMC belt is heated and cooled by keeping the bent form, recovery force increases during heating and degreases during cooling based on the two-way properties of the SMC. (4) The development and application of high-functional SMCs are expected by the combination of SMA and SMP with various kinds of phase transformation temperatures, volume fractions, configurations and heating-cooling rates.

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This paper describes development of SiC fiber/aluminum active composites using continuous and discontinuous fibers. The effect of the composite type on its tensile strength and curvature was examined. The curvature of the composite made by lamination of reinforced layer and unreinforced one decreased with decreasing fiber length, but its curvature change during heating and cooling cycles between room temperature and 712 K was clearly observed. In order to increase the strength of the active composite, continuously reinforced layer and discontinuously reinforced one were bonded together. The tensile strength of this type became higher than that of the others and its curvature could also reproducibly change during the thermal cycles due to the difference of the fiber length. The level of the curvature change of this type existed between those of the continuous fiber type and the discontinuous fiber type active composites.

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A novel treatment method of nitrate nitrogen in underground water is proposed. Nitrate nitrogen is treated using catalyst particles and reaction gas. A model study is carried out to understand the behavior of bubbles of the reaction gas in the cylindrical reactor. Glass particles are used as the model for catalyst particles. Water and air are chosen as the models for underground water and reaction gas, respectively. The particles are contained in a cylindrical vessel to a prescribed height. A mixture of water and air is introduced into the vessel from the bottom. As a first step, the behavior of air bubbles in the vessel is observed and empirical equations are derived for the mean diameter of bubbles and the number of bubbles in the vessel. Secondly, experiments are carried out to treat nitrate nitrogen in real underground water.

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Aluminum alloy A2024-T3 and copper alloy C2200-P plates were subjected to the tensile testing and the off-line and in-process ultrasonic measurements to obtain ultrasonic parameters, such as the relative peak intensity of Fourier spectrum of the bottom echo (RPI) and the average gradient of the transfer function (AGTF). The ultrasonic parameters (RPI and AGTF) obtained by the off-line and in-process measurements decreased with increasing plastic strain normalized by the maximum strain with the same rates for both alloys. The ultrasonic parameters measured with the water container showed the same tendency as those measured with the water bag, but decreased with the plastic strain with smaller fluctuation than those measured with the water bag.

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