The importance for decarbonization in the agricultural sector has been increasing. In addition to the Organic JAS Mark, a greenhouse gas reduction grade labeling program based on the “Green Food System Strategy” has been implemented in March 2024 in Japan as a means of communicating decarbonization efforts in the agricultural sector to consumers. In this study, the following things regarding GHG labeling and organic labeling of agricultural products were clarified through a questionnaire survey targeting consumers. Consumers respond positively to both the Organic-JAS Mark and the GHG label. However, consumers awareness of both the Organic-JAS Mark and the GHG reduction grade label is low. For consumers to correctly understand the GHG labeling, it is essential to raise awareness of this system.

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In our previous research, we proposed a method for analyzing the levelized cost of electricity including the marginal system integration cost of additional power generation (LCOE*). During the process of a government committee to verify the electricity costs by generation type, we applied this method to analyze Japan’s power system in 2040 to evaluate the relative competitiveness of power generation technologies, including the evaluation of system integration costs under high penetration of variable renewable energies (VREs). The LCOE*s were calculated for the generation technologies such as commercial-scale solar photovoltaic, on-shore/off-shore wind, nuclear, natural gas, natural gas with H₂, coal, coal with ammonia, natural gas with CCS, and coal with CCS under three VRE deployment cases, based on the LCOEs calculated from the cost and operational assumptions of each generation type and system integration cost through a series of production cost simulations. LCOE*s were also calculated for the utility-scale photovoltaic with demand response, and for utility-scale photovoltaic and wind with battery energy storage, to consider implication from those scenario changes.

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As one important step towards decarbonization society, achieving COP28 tripling renewable capacity pledge in 2030, reaching peak CO₂ emissions before 2030 and carbon-neutrality before 2060, China has been putting highest priority to making renewables, mainly variable renewable energy including wind power and solar PV, a main power source, and simultaneously ensuring stable power supply. As a result, the target of installed capacity of wind and solar power in 2030 was met in July 2024, 6 years and 5 months early than the schedule. This study identified the achievability of reaching the related targets by econometric analysis. The tentative findings of this study are that China will achieve the COP28 pledge in 2030, and new NDC target for variable power resource development in 2035, at same time, CO₂ emissions peak as well as carbon-neutrality is expected to be reached much earlier than the schedule.

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Previous studies have demonstrated, using a covariance structure analysis model, that knowledge of carbon neutrality can lead to a reduction in household energy consumption through enhanced energy-saving awareness and habits. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of this model by collecting data from city hall employees in Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture. The results confirmed the model's applicability in this context, reinforcing the notion that awareness and habitual changes can positively impact energy consumption behaviors. However, an unexpected finding emerged: an interest in energy-saving equipment might inadvertently lead to an increase in household energy consumption. This paradoxical relationship suggests that while individuals may be aware of energy-saving technologies, their usage or acquisition may not necessarily translate into reduced consumption. The study further explores this dynamic, offering insights into the complex interplay between energy-saving intentions and actual consumption behaviors, which may have implications for policy and educational efforts aimed at promoting carbon neutrality.

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Variable renewable energy sources (VRE), such as solar and wind power, have been installed to the power system. To install VREs massively while reducing reliance on thermal power plants, multiple timescale reserves should be supplied from distributed energy resources (DERs), such as electric vehicles (EVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), with IoT (Internet of Things) technology. Though collaboration among various experts are essential to construct systems for such utilization of IoT-based DERs, there are few simple models that enhance discussions of complex behavior of both the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) process and DER itself for mutual understanding. This paper proposes the reference model named “model 0 multi” for combined behavior of ICT systems and multiple energy equipment of DERs. Based on interviews of group monitoring and group control of DERs, functions of the model 0 multi are assumed. This paper details the model 0 multi and shows a description example with two types of EV chargers and BESSs.

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