In order to improve off-the-ball movements for supporting teammates with the ball required in all kinds of goal-oriented games, we developed a teaching material called “Goal-Oriented-Game with No Ball” which does not require ball handling skills different for each of the game, and demonstrated the effectiveness in soccer lessons and basketball lessons at junior high school by comparing experimental classes with using “GoalOriented-Game with No Ball” to the corresponding control classes. 77 first-grade female students participated in the soccer lessons and 89 second-grade female students participated in the basketball lessons.
Main findings are as follows. At the end of the soccer lesson and basketball lesson, the students in experimental classes significantly improved the success rates of supporting the player with the ball both in modified basketball game and soccer game while those in the control classes did not show significant improvement. In the experimental classes of soccer and basketball, the ratios of advanced movement such as supporting teammates with moving towards the goal increased significantly. Based on these results, it was concluded that “Goal-Oriented-Game with No Ball” was effective for learning off-the-ball movements for supporting teammates even in different goal-oriented games such as soccer and basketball. In order to improve off-the-ball movements for supporting teammates with the ball required in all kinds of goal-oriented games, we developed a teaching material called “Goal-Oriented-Game with No Ball” which doesnot require ball handling skills different for each of the game, and demonstrated the effectiveness in soccer lessons and basketball lessons at junior high school by comparing experimental classes with using “GoalOriented-Game with No Ball” to the corresponding control classes. 77 first-grade female students participated in the soccer lessons and 89 second-grade female students participated in the basketball lessons.Main findings are as follows. At the end of the soccer lesson and basketball lesson, the students in experimental classes significantly improved the success rates of supporting the player with the ball both in modified basketball game and soccer game while those in the control classes did not show significant improvement. In the experimental classes of soccer and basketball, the ratios of advanced movement such as supporting teammates with moving towards the goal increased significantly. Based on these results, it was concluded that “Goal-Oriented-Game with No Ball” was effective for learning off-the-ball movements for supporting teammates even in different goal-oriented games such as soccer and basketball.

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This paper references literature to focus on three aspects: the origins, the expression of sport, and the problems faced by sport in China’s universities and colleges from the Late Qing Dynasty to the era of the Republic of China.
In China’s traditional cultural system, physical culture did not develop into something similar to sport as it had developed in Western cultures. This Western sport was introduced into China, where it emerged and developed in Christian and government-run higher education institutions in the period from the 1890s to the early 20^th century. Competitive sporting events became the expression of university and college sport from the Late Qing Dynasty to the era of the Republic of China, including collegiate, national and international games. These games were advocated and organized by Chinese-based offices of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) and higher education institutions, and the athletes who participated were mainly students enrolled in universities and colleges. One of the problems faced by university and college sport in the period was the contestants system.
The paper’s conclusions are as follows: 1) the origins of university and college sport in China can be identified in the period from the 1890s to the early 20^th century; 2) university and college sport in China represented the pinnacle of sport at that time and athletes who were training in higher education institutions made up the majority of athletes participating in competitive sporting events; 3) the contestants system had a significant impact on sport popularization in higher education institutions in the 1920s and 1930s.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of “three circle ball” which was developed as a task game for the goal type- ball game. The game performance in the three circle ball played by college and graduate students and elementary school children were analyzed in order to examine the effectiveness of the game.
Main findings were as follows.
1) From analysis of game performance by college and graduate students, it was supposed that the three circle ball was so easy and effective that students could get many scores in a short period of time by use of various tactics.
2) The changing process of the game performance was analyzed in games to be played at each class of experimental teaching units (9 hours) in elementary school. As a result, the significant improvement of game performance was found from beginning to ending of the unit. Especially the outstanding improvement was found regarding the “off the ball movement”, that is “appropriate supportive movement” and “tactical combination play”.
3) It was concluded that the three circle ball was effective as a task game for the goal type- ball game.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize outcome of dance and the scope theory in National Standards for Dance Education (NSDE) in USA. To achieve this objective, description on content standard in NSDE was analyzed based on four domains (motor, cognitive, affective, social).
Main findings of this study were followings ;
1) Content for dance education was consisted in 7 content areas and
2) Content was focused on motor and cognitive domains in related with scientific knowledge.
The way of setting scope based on expected competencies in dance education in USA would be one of the alternatives in comparison with that of in Japanese Course of Study.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the usage situation of materials for P.E. instruction issued by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and to examine factors associated with teachers, which affected the usage rate of materials. The questionnaire survey was conducted for all teachers and lecturers who worked in public schools of Tokyo, Okayama, and Mie Prefecture.
As a result, the usage rate of the materials changed with a teachers’ attributes. First of all, the usage rate changed with sex. Among primary school teachers, male’s usage rate of materials was higher than female’s even though a composition rate of male was fewer. Secondly, the usage rate changed with teaching career. The usage rate was higher among the group of teachers having a career from fourth to tenth years than the other groups. Thirdly, the usage rate changed with the teacher’s awareness about “ability of physical education instruction”. The teachers who answered to be good at physical education instruction showed higher usage rate of materials. Furthermore, the teachers who were confident in P.E. instruction tended to recognize that “the materials were very useful”.
Next, the difference in awareness of occupational ability influenced the usage rate of materials. By factor analysis, the awareness of occupational ability was divided into three factors ; “ability of control for children”, “designing ability of P.E. instruction”, and “practical ability of P.E. instruction”. The group of teachers who were especially good at “designing ability of P.E. instruction” tended to positively utilize all of the material than the other groups.
In this study, it was revealed that the difference of teacher's attributes and their awareness of occupational ability affected the usage rate of use of materials issued by MEXT. From the result, some subjects to be debated as how to publicize the materials, and to construct contents of the material were found so that would be more effectively used and the usage rate would be increased. And also, the result of the study provided significant knowledge, especially to improve the way of training workshop for in-service teachers.

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