This paper sets out to review the earliest Japan-US intercollegiate baseball games held by newspapers based in Tokyo and Osaka in around 1910, and thereby to clarify the actual situations in the beginning of baseball games as media events in Japan. The following four viewpoints could be pointed out as a result of studies in this paper. (1) The baseball games as media events in Japan couldn't have been taken place until newspaper management policy changed course for thinking more and more seriously of business and advertisement activities or holding various events in the beginning of the 20th century. (2) The first large-scale Japan-US intercollegiate baseball games were held by the Jiji Shinpo in Tokyo, and the Osaka Asahi and the Osaka Mainichi in Osaka. The following several differencies were noticed among them. @The games held by the Jiji Shinpo were independent events of baseball games, on the other hand those by the Osaka Asahi and the Osaka Mainichi were held with various related events. @The Jiji Shinpo's reports on its events were meant for readers who were familiar with baseball to some extent, but reports by the Osaka Asahi and the Osaka Mainichi were also meant for those who were just un- familiar with such baseball. @The former held its,events on the college sports ground, but the latter on the sports grounds owned by private railway companies in Kansai area. (3) In the background of these differences, it seems to reflect that there were some notice- able differences of readership among these newspapers, and differences between Tokyo and Osaka in economic environment seen particularly in a rapid economic leap of newspapers and a rapid development of a network of private railway lines. (4) In holding these Japan-US intercollegiate baseball games, the Jiji Shinpo and the Osaka Mainichi asserted repeatedly that baseball (sports) have diverse educational values. It seems that these assertions were maintained not as a mere theory but a firm objection to those who tried to insist that baseball was of little or no value(mainly those engaged in schoolteaching) , against the background of social environment in those days that various ill and harmful effects would arise by the absorption of students into baseball, and what's more, such ideologies as martial arts were much superior to baseball circulated among the public to some extent.

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The culture of waist and abdomen is the physical culture origin from Zensyu during the 13th in Japan. The purpose of this study was to consider that the culture of waist and ab- domen disappeared during the 1920s in Japan by analyzing opinions. It has been proposed that the culture of waist and abdomen disappeared after World War II. But I must point out that the culture of waist and abdomen have already disappeared during the 1920s. This study used the opinions of four persons who supported the culture of waist and abdomen, Ikki Kita, Toyo Fujimura, Reisai Fujita and Shinpei Goto. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. Kita stated that the reason why the culture of waist and abdomen disappeared during the 1920s is that the curriculum of school physical education in modern Japan adopted gymnastics.military drills and sports. Similarly Goto explained that the factor of the disappearance of the culture of waist and ab- domen was gymnastics. In Fujimura's view, the major cause of the disappearance was the Swedish system of gymnastics that was composed of the exercises of the back and chest. Likewise, Fujita explained that the factor of the disappearance of the culture of waist and abdomen was the import of sports and physical education from the West. Based on his analysis, sports and physical education were composed of the exercises of the chest. Finally, it seems appropriate to remark that, the culture of waist and abdomen have al- ready disappeared not so such after World War Has during the 1920s.

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