The Subject of this study is to clarify that under what structure and how did the Government's Proposals for the Development and Extension of the Facilities Available for Physical Training and Recreation planned under the authority of the Board of Education in the latter half of the 1930's Britain, take effect;and to what extent could they influence the local authorities and voluntary organizations. In order to solve above problems, it is necessary to examine the following issues specifically. 1)How did the central government plan the structure to enforce the proposals? 2)How did the National Fitness Council that established as the coordinative and executive organization by the Board of Education, enforce them? 3)How did the representatives of the voluntary organizations comprehend and cope with them? 4)How and how much did the capital grants from the central government distribute to the local authorities and voluntary organizations? As the result of examining above four issues, this study come to the following conclusion. First of all, under the slogan of "National Fitness Movement" that could include all of the opinions of the intellectuals and representatives of the voluntary organizations, the government's proposals took effect. Secondly, by means of commitment to the local authorities and voluntary organizations, the physical training and recreation policy might have influenced the recreative activities of the populace lived in all the nation to a certain extent. Thirdly, some disputes, especially "sports-gymnastics" dispute that had been arisen in the process of enforcement of the government's proposals imposed the important task for the future concerning with the content and methodology for the promotion of physical training and recreation in Britain.

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In the Edo period the peasants were prohibited by law from possessing weapons. Neverthless, the peasants already practiced Bujutsu in the first half of the Edo period. Documents of the MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools in the possession of the Takizawa family in a village in North Shinano have been found and analyzed by the present author. The purpose of this study is threefold:(1)To clarify what kinds of peasant in a village community practice the martial arts of the MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools. (2)To clarify what kind of Bujutsu they practice, that is to say, what is the MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools. (3)To clarify the purposes for which they practice it. Briefly, the main conclusions were as follows:(1)Many of the peasants that practiced the MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools were also the samurais of the lowest rank in the Matsushiro clan, that is to say, they were the marginal people in the villages. (2)The MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools was comprehensive bujutsu which was medieval. It consisted of jujutsu, bojutsu, iai, nawa, and so on. (3)The purpose of the MUSO-JIKIDEN Schools was primarily vocational educaion, but it was pastime and sport for many peasants in the villages.

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Many articles written about the big-game hunting or shooting seen all over the countries were found in the books or the magazines published in the late nineteenth century. Badminton Magazine is one of such a kind of magazines. The argument of this paper is what is the meaning of the big-game hunting or shooting in Indian, which was one of the most important colonies in the British Empire, and many of the British stayed, through investigating the articles of that magazine in the context of sports history. The British in India indulged in a variety of hunting called 'houdah shooting', 'pig-sticking', 'stalking', and so on. The Indians was forced to be subordinate role in those huntings. The concept of "fair play" was particuraly brought to the big-game hunting from the late nineteenth cetury to the early twentieth century, and that concept contributed to the reason for the Britsh excluding the Indian from the hunting, their regarding some native methods of hunting as unfair ones. The people absorbed in the big-game hunting were soldiers, civil officers, planters, and travellers, who were thought to be the elite of middle class from public schools. India offered the cheap hunting place to the elite of middle class who seldom experience the big-game hunting in Britain. Although the meaning of hunting was almost ignored by throwing light on athleticism in the study of sports history, considering the actual condition of the big-game hunting in India, the hunting was still lively present in the sporting spirit of the British.

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