Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science
Online ISSN : 1880-358X
Print ISSN : 0013-7626
ISSN-L : 0013-7626
Volume 35, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • H. TORIKATA, S. MATSUI
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 89-97
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The determination of polyphenolic substances in the Japanese and Chinese chestnut barks of current year shoots were made quantitatively and qualitatively by paper chromatography, colorimetry and other methods to elucidate the phenolic pattern among the species and varieties. Furthermore, the authors investigated the relation of the polypheno lic contents to the resistance to chestnut gall wasps which gave much trouble in chestnut culture.
    1. The phenolics detected in chestnut barks are as follows; gallic acid, leucocyanidins, flavonol, ellagic acid, gallocatechin, catechol tannin, pyrogallol tannins and coumarin derivatives.
    2. The Japanese chestnuts contain more catechol tannins (about 10-20mg/g. on the basis of dry weight) than Chinese ones (5mg/g. or so). High content of pyrogallol tannins was found in both the bark of them. Furthermore, of Chinese chestnuts, the southern varieties contain more of less water soluble fractions of pyrogallol tannins than the nor-thern ones.
    3. In the resistant varieties to chestnut gall wasps, catechol tannins are high but pyrogallol tannins are relatively low in content. The correlation coefficients between the tolerance for chestnut gall wasps and catechol tannin contents and pyrogallol tannin contents are +0.782 and -0.476, respectively. The catechol tannin contents of resistant and susceptible varieties in one gram dry matter are 10.3 to 22.4mg and 2.7 to 16.2mg., respectively. Pyrogallol tannin content of resistant varieties varies 70 to 110mg., and of susceptible ones, 90-120mg.
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  • Y. ADACHI, Y. NAKAJIMA, M. HORIGANE
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 98-105
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The effect of phosphate applications to young Satsuma orange trees planted in concrete frames on the growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf composition were investigated during 1959 to 1963. Two- year-old tree grafted on yuzu or trifoliate rootstock was planted on March, 1958, and each tree received 12.8g of phosphate as a nutrient solution during 1958. In the subsequent year, phosphate application was changed from the rate of 0 to 2, although nitrogen, potassium and magnesium were equally applied in each.
    2. The growth of young trees on the average of 4 years data obtained from 1959 to 1963 did not show any effects by the phosphate applications. However, the growth of young trees on the same soil which had not been applied nutrient solution in the previous year was considerably improved by phosphate applications.
    3. The yield, contents of soluble solids in fruit juice and of inorganic elements in leaves were not affected by phosphate applications during 1960 to 1963. The content of acid in fruit juice, however, was significantly lower in phosphate treated plots than in untreated plot, as shown in the average data from 1960 to 1963, and in 1962.
    4. Phosphate application tends to decrease reddish color of the fruits.
    5. The yield, content of soluble solids in fruit juice obtained from young Satsuma orange trees on trifoliate rootstock increased more than that on yuzu root stock.
    6. The content of soluble solids in a large fruit obtained from the trees on trifoliate rootstock was less than that in a small one, however, the reverse tendency was found in fruits on yuzu root stock. It is also noted that possitive correlation was found between the content of acid and that of soluble solids in fruits on trifoliate rootstock in non-phosphate plot, and negative correlation was found between them in fruits on yuzu rootstock in non-phosphate plot.
    7. Young Satsuma orange trees on yuzu rootstock used in this experiment seemed to be not so vigorous as adult trees on the same rootstock are.
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  • Relation between frost hardiness and osmotic concentration and contents of elements in leaves and stems on Satsuma orange trees affected by the chilling treatments
    F. YOSHIMURA, K. KATO, H. MASUDA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 106-110
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the mechanism of frost hardening on citrus trees, the relation between frost hardiness and contents of sugars, starch and nitrogen compounds in leaves was studied with Satsuma orange trees. Eighteen young orange trees grafted on trifoliate root stocks were used in this experiment. They were cultured in the green house during the beginning of June, 1963 to the end of October, 1964. Three plots were settled on October 31, 1964; that is“Keeping warm”- kept in the green house-, “Non-treatment”-kept in the out-door field (110 hours at below 0°C)-, and“Chilling”-kept in the cold chamber at the temperature of -1 to 0°C for 400 hours from November 6 to December 27 and then moved in the out-door field untill next January 23 (460 hours in totals at below 0°C). Samples were collected from each plot on December 28 or 29, 1964, for quantitative analysis of carbohydrates and nitrogen, for microscopic examination of intercellular starch contents, and for determination of osmotic concentration in leaves and stems.
    After the determination, it was found that contents of glucose and osmotic concentrations in leaves on a trees of“Chilling”plot were highest, that of“non-treatment”plot was next, and that of“keeping warm”plot was lowest. On the contrary, the contents of starch in leaves on a tree of“chilling”plot were lowest and so on.
    Trees of all plots were met and frozen with the low temperature of -5.0 to -7.5°C for 9.5 hours on January 24, 1965, to confirm the effect of pretreatments on frost hardening. As a result, a comparable difference was found among the plots; that is, 95 to 100 percent of trees on“keeping warm”plot were frozen, 85 to 100 percent of trees on“nontreatment”plot, and 30 to 50 percent of trees on“chilling”plot were frozen.
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  • K. KADOYA, T. KURAOKA, K. MATSUMOTO
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 111-116
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In Ehime Prefecture, Natsudaidai (Citrus Natsudaidai HAYATA) is one of the most important citrus fruits. Its production, however, has not yet developed so rapidly as that of Unshu, because of the high acidity of its juice. This experiment was conducted to observe the reducing effect of the lead arsenate spray on the acid content of the fruit juice.
    1. The acids in the juice was most effectively reduced by the treatment at an early fruit growth stage when they were most actively formed. However, the water soluble organic acid content of leaves was not affected. The sugar content of the juice was increased by the treatment.
    2. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was lowered in the vesicles of the fruit which was sprayed with lead arsenate. It was also much depressed in the exrtacts from the normal fruit when arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was added.
    3. Arsenic was detected in the vesicles of the treated fruit.
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  • S. NAKAGAWA, Y. NANJO
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 117-126
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The comparative morphology of berry growth of three cultivars, Campbell Earlyearly maturing variety, Muscat Bailey A-midseason maturing variety, and Koshu-late maturing variety, from prebloom to maturity was studied.
    2. The duration of period II, a period of delayed increase in berry growth, was shorter in Campbell Early than in Muscat Bailey A or Koshu, although the duration of period I, a period of rapid increase, was nearly in all three cultivars. The duration of period III, a second period of rapid increase in berry enlargement was longer in Koshu than in Campbell Early and Muscat Bailey A.
    3. The increase of the inner wall tissue in the pericarp was more rapid than that of the other tissues, especially during the latter half of period I, and consequently the inner wall tissue occupied about 50 percent of the total area in cross section measured at maturity in all three cultivars. The increase in thickness of the outer wall tissue in Koshu was rapid during period III, and was related to berry enlargement in final swell.
    4. Inner wall tissue was composed of cells of nearly uniform size and shape, which enlarged similarly during the growth of the berry. The increased rate of cell volume from full bloom to maturity was greatest in Koshu, and was less in Muscat Bailey A and Campbell Early in due order. The cell size in the inner wall measured at maturity. however, was largest in Muscat Bailey A and was smaller in Koshu and Campbell Early. The parenchymatous cell in the inner portion of the outer wall increased only in the radial direction during period II and III, and the cell size in the central portion of the outer wall measured at maturity was larger in Koshu, especially in radial diameter, than that of the two other varieties.
    5. The time of the last cell division in both placenta and inner wall was 11 days after bloom for Campbell Early, 7 days after bloom for both Muscat Bailey A and Koshu. The cell number in the inner wall at the time of the last cell division in Campbell Early was approximately twice that in Muscat Bailey A and Koshu. Cell division in the outer wall ceased first in the radial direction 12 days after bloom for Campbell Early, 8 days after bloom for both Muscat Bailey A and Koshu, afterwards cell division continued only in a tangential direction during the latter half of the cell division period. Cell division in a single row of the mid-circumference of the outer wall continued for 19 to 22 days after bloom in the three cultivars. Cell division in the outer wall ceased earlier than in the inner layers of tissue reaching the outer layers in due order. The time of termination of cell division in the peripheral layer of the berry, hypodermis and epidermis was 32 days after bloom for Campbell Early, 35 days for Muscat Bailey A and 38 days for Koshu. The cell number in these tissues, however, was not markedly different among three cultivars.
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  • Growth injury on muskmelon as related to application of saline water and calcium
    M. MASUI, S. MIZUTA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 127-133
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. In the previous paper the author reported that the growth injury on muskmelon which was observed at Iwata, Shizuoka Pref., is being caused by increasing of salt in the soil followed the irrigation of well-water containing much salts. However, it has not been cleared yet how much salts in irrigation water would be permissible for muskmelon culture. Some investigators have reported that salinity injury might be alleviated by calcium application to the soil. Therefore, a factorial experiment was settled combining five levels of NaCl concentration (0, 100, 250, 500 and 1, 000ppm) and two levels of calcium application(0 and 40g per plant).
    2. As the NaCl concentration in the irrigation water was raised from 0 to 1, 000ppm, dry weight of the leaves, stem and roots, fresh weight of the fruit, soluble solids and external appearance of that, days from pollination date to fruit maturity, and N, P2O5, K2O, CaO and MgO accumulations in the whole plant were markedly depressed. It is notable that the plants irrigated with 100ppm NaCl and without calcium application to the soil showed the growth injury symptoms such as the slight curling and marginal scorch of leaves, and the light browning of roots. The plants irrigated with 500 to 1, 000ppm NaCl, with or without calcium application to the soil, produced unsalable fruits which are light in weight and bad looking with undeveloped nets and yellowish coloration.
    3. Exchangeable Na in the soil and electrical conductivity of that, Na2O accumulation in the whole plant, and Na2O and Cl concentrations in the leaves increased according as NaCl concentration of the irrigation water increased. While antagonistic relation was found between NaCl concentration in the irrigation water and SiO2 concentration in the leaves which may be associated with transpiration. Na2O, Cl and SiO2 concentrations in the leaves in each plot, however, did not show any symptoms of excess or deficiency on the leaves. From these results, salinity injury on muskmelon seems to be caused by irrigation water containing much NaCl, which may result in retardation of absorption of nutrient and water.
    4. When plants were irrigated with 0 to 250 ppm NaCl, calcium application to the soil (40g per plant) increased the dry weight of top and roots, and the fresh weight of fruit. Whereas, when they were irrigated with more than 500ppm NaCl, no effects were observed on them. It may be concluded, therefore, if the irrigation water contains more than 500ppm NaCl, the application of calcium as high as 40g per plant could not alleviate salinity injury on muskmelon.
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  • Some chemical properties of the mixtures varying in their proportions of soil and organic materials
    K. TAKAHASHI, M. YOSHIDA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 134-141
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was conducted to obtain some informations about chemical properties of the composts. Three soils-volcanic ash soil, clay soil and fine sand-and leaf-mold, as an organic material, were mixed together, varying in their proportions.
    1. Base exchange capacities of mixtures were determined by leaching with N-ammonium acetate solution (pH 7.0). The capacities increased with increasing proportions of leaf-mold in the mixture, especially in the cases of clay soil and fine sand.
    2. Buffering capacities of mixtures were determined by plotting pH changes against increments of 0 to 20ml of 0.05N Ca(OH)2 and 0.05N H2SO4. Ranges of pH changes were 3.5 to 8.5 in clay soil, and 2.8 to 10.0 in sand. On the other hand, in volcanic ash soil, which contains much allophane, the range was 4.3 to 7. 4, indicating high buffering capacity. Buffering capacity of the leaf-mold was higher in. the alkaline side, but was somewhat lower in the acid side than that of volcanic ash soil. Addition of leaf-mold enhanced buffering capacities of soils, having low buffering capacities.
    3. To investigate the effect of various kinds of cations on the buffering capacities, three soils and leaf-mold were treated with 0.05N hydroxides of Na, K, NH4, Ba and Ca. After equilibration, pH was determined. The relative order of selectivity of the cations was as follows : Na<K<NH4<Ba-Ca, with the exception of the NH4 ion for fine sand. Addition of divalent cations showed higher buffering capacities than those obtained with monovalent rations in the leaf-mold.
    4. To determine the adsorptive capacities for phosphorus, the mixtures were leached with 2.5% ammonium phosphate solution, and adsorbed quantities of P2O5 were measured. The adsorptive rate were 2270 (mg P2O5/100g soil) for volcanic ash soil, 207 for clay soil and 0 for fine sand and leaf-mold, respectively. By the addition of leaf-mold to the two former soils, the adsorptive capacities decreased considerably.
    5. The nitrification rates in the mixtures were determined by the incubation experiments at 27°C, for 4 or 5 weeks. When ammonium sulphate or phosphate was added, formation of nitrates took place normally in volcanic ash soil and clay loam, but failed in sandy soil and fine sand. It was considered that the failure of nitrification in fine sand was caused by low numbers of initial population of nitrifiers, and that failure in the sandy soil was due to both the above fact and to low pH (4. 7) of the soil.
    In the volcanic ash soil: leaf-mold (1: 1) mixture, one or two weeks retardation of the nitrification was observed in all inorganic- and organicnitrogenous fertilizer treatments. It was suggested that the retardation of nitrification in this mixture depends on air-drying of the leaf-mold before the incubation.
    6. It appears from the above mentioned results that the application of organic matter to soil altered remarkably chenical characters of the composts. And also, it was believed that the improvement of chemical properties, as well as physical ones, may have the important effects upon the growth and development of vegetable seedlings.
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  • Relations between dormancy and organic constituents of bulbs
    T. KATO
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 142-151
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in metabolic activity of carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds, auxins and gibberellins in bulbs during storage were investigated in relation to the dormancy of onion bulbs.
    1. It was found that both carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds from the outer thickened leaf base were decomposed into available forms, translocated to the inner thickened leaf base and accumulated there in succession.
    The growth of foliage leaf primordia resumed under the consumption of carbohydrates and synthesis of insoluble nitrogen compounds.
    It was also proved by the acceleration of sprouting with favorable temperature and wet treatment.
    2. Concentrations of carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds in bulbs did not relate with the size of bulbs, but related with the cultural conditions. Bulbs grown in the shade or without additional application of nitrogen fertilizer were smaller in size and lower in carbohydrate concentration than those grown in the full light intensity or with nitrogen application.
    3. Concentrations of carbohydrates in the thickened leaf base were slightly lower in early topprostrated bulbs than in late ones, but little difference in concentration of nitrogen compounds was found at harvest time in both.
    4. Auxin content in the terminal part of buds gradually decreased with thickening of bulbs and further continued to decrease after harvest, resulted in the lowest value on Aug. 26. Thereafter it began to increase.
    On the contrary, content of inhibiting substances in Rf 0.8-1.0 zone showed the highest value at the time of harvest and then gradually decreased during storage at room temperature, but a few quantities of them was recognized even after sprouting.
    5. Larger amount of auxin was found in early sprouted bulbs in phytotron than in unsprouted at room temperature, whereas against our expectation the inhibiting substances did not decrease so much even in sprouted bulbs.
    6. Auxin content in the terminal part of bud did not relate with the size of bulbs, but related with the time of top-prostration. These results suggested that auxin content correlates with the stage of bulbs.
    7. Gibberellin-like substances were not found in bulbs during rest period, but they appeared in bulbs sampled on Aug. 26 and remarkably increased after sprouting.
    8. From the above-mentioned results, it may be concluded that the dormancy of onion bulbs closely correlates with the carbohydrate metabolism of bulbs.
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  • On the process of pithy tissue formation in the radish root
    T. TAKANO
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 152-157
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Anatomical observation was made to elucidate the process of the occurrence of pithy tissue of the radish root.
    It is well known that the 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reaction, according to the difference in color intensity, reflects the physiological activity of fresh tissue in plants. In general, the tissue between the central part and the cambium ring in a cross section shows lower physiological activity than the others. Making this more in detail, the parenchyma which is apart from the conductive tissue is shown to become weak in the TTC reaction as the plant grows. Furthermore, if the esterified pectin is present in the cell wall of the parenchyma, a deep carmine color will appear by the hydroxamic acid reaction. Large parenchymatous cells which are far apart from the conductive tissue, however, show only a weak color reaction. On the other hand, staining with ruthenium red, though not specific for pectins, shows a reddish pink color in the presence of calcium pectate. Aged parenchymatous cells are stained with this dye. From these facts, it seems that the de-esterification and/or the splitting of pectin chain molecule is promoted and, consequently, the solubility of pectins in the middle lamella and the primary cell wall of parenchymatous cells changes as the radish root ripens. In this stage of root growth, it was found that the content of soluble matter in the tissues surrounding the vessels increased. These tissue are visible as transparent ones. These aged parenchymatous cells become large in size and thin in thickness of the cell wall, and are separated from the neighboring cells. According to the observations using the phase contrast microscope, the fusion of the cell plate melts away, but the union of the fibrillar bundle in the cell wall remains. As a result, the schizogenetic intercellular spaces are formed. In the observation, it was demonstrated that the occurrence of pithy tissue is accompanied with the dissolution of the middle lamella pectin and of the cementing material (probably protein) between the bundles of the fibrillar structure in the cell wall.
    Young cells surrounding the vessels and the sclerenchymatous cells developed from the meristem show a positive TTC reaction. It is also noted that the esterified pectin recognized in the middle lamella and in the primary cell wall shows deep carmine color by the hydroxamic reaction. Recently, WATANABE drew attention to the fact that some young parenchymatous cells and sclerenchymatous cells in fleshy roots possess an ability of cell division in the xylem parenchyma. It seems that these cells have an appropriate amount of desoxiribonucleic acid, kinins and auxins as the materials and/or the agent that induce cell division in the xylem parenchyma. The schizogenetic intercellular spaces do not appear in such young tissues. It may be concluded that from these observations that pithyness in the radish root is a phenomenon accompanied with the senescene of parenchymatous cells.
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  • Chrysanthemum frutescens L.
    Y. TSUKAMOTO, K. FUJIWARA, M. KIMURA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 158-169
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1) Marguerite is a plant requiring cold temperature for flower formation. Rooted cuttings do not initiate flower buds if they are kept at high temperature such as 30°C regardless of the difference in day-length, but they initiate flower buds at 20°C with short day-length.
    2) Cold temperature is the main cause for flower bud formation, but short day-length also enhances it to a less degree.
    3) Flower bud differentiation occurs at 20°C under short day condition of more than 40 days.
    4) Long day-length promotes flowering better after low temperature treatment than after short day-length.
    5) Gibberellin effects, to a slight degree, the flowering of the plant which has received short day-length for 50 days.
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  • Seasonal changes in the absorption of three major elements and water
    K. HAGIYA, W. AMAKI
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 170-176
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    (1) The large (15-16g) and the small tulip bulbs (2.0-2.2g) of cv. ′William Pitt′ were grown in a green-house by the gravel culture method, and the seasonal changes in the amount of absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and water were examined.
    (2) The changes of absorption of the three major elements went abreast with that of water; namely, the amount of three elements absorbed as well as that of water, was very little during the preemergence stage in winter, and after the emergence of the leaves above the ground in spring it rapidly increased following the growth of the top, and reached the maximum soon after the flowering, then it decreased up to the harvesting time.
    (3) In the amount of absorption of each nutrient, nitrogen was the largest, and it was found that considerable amouns were absorbed even in the pre-emergence stage. Potassium absorption was next, and the absorption continued until the withering stage. Phosphorus absorption was the least. (cf. Figs. 2, 3)
    (4) Compared with the total amount of three major elements absorbed, the small bulb showed a higher ratio in nitrogen absorption than the large one. The small bulbs required much less total amount of water and the nutrients for their growth than the large ones. The former consumed less water and the nutrients than the latter to get one gram increase in fresh weight of the neww bulb. This result seems to indicate that the small bulbs did efficient use of water and nutrients, as they absorbed less amount of those than the large ones to grow in equal weight.
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  • Effects of night temperature, day-length, light intensity and light quality during the forcing on the growth and flowering
    A. ISHIDA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 177-182
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. This study was carried out to examine the growth and flowering of Aster Savatieri var. hortorum as affected by night temperature, day-length, various light intensities and light qualities during the forcing.
    The experiments of night temperature and day-length comprised 4 treatments; two different night temperatures from p.m. 4.30 to a.m.8.30, namely, 10°C and 15°C, two different day-length, namely, the plants received natural light 8 hours in short Eday plots, or artificial light of 16 hours in addition to the 8 hours in long day plots.
    The light source used was fluorescent lamps with about 1, 000Lux. Various light intensities of 51. 3, 32.5 and 12.5per cent of full sun were obtained by shading with cheese cloth, marsh-reed screen and straw mat, respectively. Various light qualities were obtained by covering with red, blue, yellow and transparent cellophane.
    2. Growth and flowering of the plants were accerelated, when they were grown under higher night temperature (15°C) and long day (24hr.) during the forcing.
    At a controlled night temperature of 15°C plants vwith a 24 hour photoperiod were more accerelated in growth and flowering than plants with a 8 hour photoperiod.
    Ten degrees C of night temperature given during long day was more effective in promoting flowering than 15°C of night temperature given during short day (8hr.).
    The interactions of night tomperature and day-length were observed in flowering date, stem length, leaf number and flower head diameter. Therefore, with respect to accerelation of growth and flowering to a certain degree a reciprocal compensation may exist between the effects of night temperature and daylength.
    3. Higher intensity of lights during forcing period to the plants caused an accerelation in flowering and a decrease in growth, while, lower intensity of lights retarded in flowering, increased in growth, up to 32.5% of full sun.
    The plants grown under the light intensity of 12.5% of full sun induced 60% blind.
    4. Growth and flowering of the plants were accerelated when they were grown under red light with red cellophane, but those grown under blue, yellow and white light were not sufficiently accerelated.
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  • Histological observations on the process of graftunion in green wood grafting and one-year-old wood grafting
    Y. IHARA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 183-189
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There are not a few plants which are scarcely possible to unite by means of common wood grafting in spite of the expected compatibility between scion and stock. But high percentages of graftunion were obtained in the green wood grafting of these plants. To account for these phenomena, some histological observations on the process of graft-union in green wood grafting and one-year old wood grafting were made in 1963 and 1964.
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  • B. H. KWACK, T. MACDONALD
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 190-194
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of certain fungicides, miticides, insecticides and other agricultural chemicals on the pollen growth of three ornamental species, Crinum asiaticum, Catharanthus roseusandNerium Oleander, were studied in relation to the protective action of Ca ions against pollen growth inhibition.
    Pollen growth media cotaining various agricultural chemicals in the presence and absence of Ca ions were tested. Although pollen growth was, to a much greater extent, reduced by these chemicals, in the absence of Ca, the presence of Ca considerably protected pollen growth and generally increased the pollen viability. Ca was without effect when certain auxinic substances were used in the growth media.
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  • Effect of day-length at the early stage of shoot growth upon the flowering time and the quality of cut-flowers
    K. KONISHI, K. INABA
    1966 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 195-202
    Published: 1966
    Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study deals with the flowering behavior of dahlia plants under various day-lengths using the variety“Futarishizuka”from cuttings. Particularly, the effects of day-length at the early stage of shoot growth on the flowering time and the quality of cut-flowers were examined. After decapitation, the plants were divided into two groups. One of them was grown under the photoperiod of 12 hours (SD), and the other was grown under 14-hour days (LD) during the early period of lateral shoot growth. At intervals of three or five days, the programmed lots of plants were moved from SD to LD, and from LD to SD respectively. The results obtained are as follows:
    1. Flower primordia initiated simultaneously under, both photoperiods.
    2. The longer the period of SD, the earlier the flowering time was. LD treatment for less than 20 days did not affect the flowering time, but under LD treatment for more than 20 days after cutting back, flowering time was delayed.
    3. SD treatment given at the early stage of shoot growth decreased the shoot length, shoot weight, total number of florets and number of ray florets. On the contrary, the number of disk florets was increased by SD treatment.
    4. The proportion in number of ray florets to total florets and that of double flowers to total flowers were clearly decreased by SD treatment given for only five days. As the duration of SD increased, these proportions decreased further. LD treatment for less than 17 days had no effect on these proportions. However, LD treatment for 20 days or more increased the percentage of both ray florets and double flowers.
    5. When dahlia plants are exposed to SD at the early stage of growth, even for a few days, the physiological changes occur in the plants producing more disk florets. These physiological changes are durable under LD conditions which followed SD treatment.
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