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Volume 61, Issue 3
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Akira Kitajima, Hidehiko Akuta, Terutaka Yoshioka, Tetsuyuki Entani, M ...1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 499-506
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of seeded Japanese persimmon cv. Fuyu (Diospyros kaki L. f.) fruit on the setting of seedless ones achieved by 1) hand-pollination; 2) open-pollination; 3) non-pollination; 4) ringing of the bearing shoot; and 5) gibberellin-3 (GA3) application was investigated to clarify the factors affecting seedless fruit set and the inconsistency of GA-treated fruit set.
The number of seeds per fruit and the degree to which seedless fruit abscised on the same tree were significantly different among trees. However, a highly significant, positive linear relationship (r= 0.77) existed between the two parameters. No abscission of seedless fruits on ringed shoots occurred until the girdle region had healed.
On non-pollinated trees, seedless fruit set increased as the concentration of GA3 was increased. However, more seedless fruit dropped from pollinated trees than from non-pollinated trees, although seedless fruits of both plots were treated with the same concentration. This induction of abscission is ascribed to the competition between seedless fruit and seeded fruit on the same tree. A major factor to fruit set was the competition among fruits; the competitive advantage of seeded fruit over parthenocarpic ones is the decisive factor whether or not GA-treated 'Fuyu' fruits abscise.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Takanori Yamamoto, Hide Satoh, Shunzo Watanabe1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 507-511
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of spraying sweet cherry trees with calcium nitrate and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and their combination during the rainy season were investigated.
1. Spraying with 0.5% calcium nitrate solution significantly reduced the cracking index of 'Napoleon' sweet cherries and the percentage of cracked fruits under rain without any visble residue and damage from the chemicals.
2. Application of NAA at 0.5, 1 and 2 ppm on 'Satohnishiki' reduced the cracking index and the percentages of cracked fruits to 15 to 30% and 13 to 40% of the control, respectively. In 'Napoleon' sprayed with Ca (NO3)2 and NAA, the cracking index and % cracked fruit decreased to 20 to 38% and 26 to 66%, respectively.
3. Spraying with the combination of the 2 reagents more effectively reduced the cracking of 'Napoleon' than did either reagents as a single spray; and the minimum value of the index and the % cracked fruits was about one eighth of the control.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Xiang-Gen Li, Naohiro Kubota, Koichi Yasui1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 513-520
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to study the effects of different rootstocks on shoot and berry growth of 'Fujiminori' grapes. Budbreak, shoot growth, development of flower clusters, berry growth, and berry quality were investigated in 2-year-old vines grafted on seven different rootstocks: 3309, 3306, 101-14, 5C, 8B, SO•4, and 420A. Vines were grown in plastic containers in an unheated plastic house.
Budbreak began earlier and shoot growth was more vigorous on vines grafted on 3306, SO•4, and 101-14 compared with those on 420A, 8B, and 5C stocks. The number of lateral shoots and their lengths were smallest on scions grafted on 420A stock.
More flower clusters per shoot were formed on vines grafted on 420A, 8B, and 3306 than were formed on 101-14. Although the number of florets per cluster was not significant among shoots on different rootstocks, the rate of elongation of panicles in vines grafted on both 101-14 and 5C tended to be faster than it was on SO•4 and 420A. No difference was observed in the percentage set of berries among the vines grafted on six stocks except for 420A, in which the set was significantly higher. Small differences in both flowering time and 'veraison' were observed among the vines grafted on seven stocks. The ratio of seeded berries to total berries was higher in vines grafted on SO•4 and 420A stocks than it was vines on 8B and 3306 stocks.
The largest berries were observed in vines grafted on 3306, followed by those on 101-14 and 3309, whereas berries on vines grafted on 5C, SO•4, and 420A were smallest. The total soluble solids of the juice were highest in berries harvested from vines on 3309, SO•4, and 3306 stocks. The titratable acidity was relatively low in vines grafted on all stocks, especially that on SO•4. Vines grafted on 3306 stock yielded berries with the highest level of anthocyanin in the skin; the berries from other 'Fujiminori' vines were about equally pigmented.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Yoshikazu Nakajima, Xiuping Xu, Kojiro Hasegawa1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 521-526
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne-year-old 'Tosa Buntan' pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) trees on trifoliate orange rootstock were Marched with 'Suisho Buntan' pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck forma Suisho) seedlings grown in a plastic house. Vegetative growth increased, while flowering decreased in the Marched trees during the second and third years. On the other hand, fruit set and fruit growth increased, whereas total soluble solids, fructose and sucrose contents in juice of the fruit harvested in mid-December decreased in the Marched trees compared with those of trees on trifoliate rootstock. Endogenous gibberellin-like activities in the new spring flush and in mature leaves in mid-December increased in Marched trees; however, there were no significant differences in carbohydrate and nitrogen contents in mature leaves sampled in mid-December from Marched and non-inarched trees.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Ryutaro Tao, Wakaba Ito, Akira Sugiura1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 527-533
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnthers of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Meotogaki) were cultured on MS medium containing zeatin (010 μM) in combination with IAA, NAA, or 2, 4-D (010 μM).
Prolific callus formation was induced in the dark on MS medium supplemented with zea-tin (110 μM) + IAA or NAA (110 μM), or MS medium with zeatin 10 μM +2, 4-D (0.0010.1 μM). Those cultured under a 16-hr•day-1 photoperiod formed few calli.
The calli formed in the dark on MS medium supplemented with 10 μM zeatin +1 μM IAA, 0.1 μM NAA, or 0.1 μM 2, 4-D were subcultured in the dark on the same fresh medium. After 35 subcultures, the call were subdivided and transferred onto three different kinds of differentiation medium, MS medium containing a) 10 AM zeatin + 0.1 AM IAA, b) 10 AM zeatin +0.01 μM NAA, or c) 10 μM zeatin +0.01 μM 2, 4-D, and cultured under a 16-hr•day-1 photoperiod to induce adventitious buds. Organogenetic potential of the calli, which had been induced and subcultured on MS medium containing IAA or NAA, increased with increasing number of subcultures, whereas those which had been cultured in the presence of 2, 4-D formed few adventitious buds. IAA or NAA in the differentiation medium was also more effective for adventitious bud formation than was 2, 4-D.
Both histological observations of the development of anther callus and chromosome counts of the root tip cells of regenerated plantlets revealed that the calli originated not from pollen grains but from vascular bundle in the anthers.
Eight of 18 plantlets regenerated from the anther-derived calli showed different malate de-hydrogenase isozyme banding patterns from the pattern of the 'Meotogaki' tree growing in the field. However, all 12 plantlets regenerated from mill derived from leaf primordia of dormant buds of 'Meotogaki', had the same banding patterns as 'Meotogaki'. The potential use of the somaclonal variation observed in the regenerated plantlets from anther-derived calli is discussed in relation to the cultivar improvement of Japanese persimmon.View full abstractDownload PDF (2871K) -
Shozo Kubo, Nagao Shimada, Nobtiyuki Okamoto1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 535-542
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of applied phosphorus on the growth of vegetable seedlings were studied to obtain the optimum rate of application of this element in nursery soils.
1. The best performance of cucumber and tomato seedlings was obtained with 3, 000 mg of P2O5•liter-1 of nursery soil (P2O5•liter-1) and 2, 000 mg P2O5•liter-1 for eggplant. The response of the tomato seedling to phosphorus depended on the amount of phosphorus fixed by the nursery soils. And the optimum rate of the phosphorus application for tomato was 1, 000 mg P2O5•liter-1 in Kidokoro and Mikatahara soils, 3, 000 mg P2O5•liter-1 in Tochigi soil, and 500 mg P2O5•liter-1 in Yabitsu soil.
2. A high correlation was obtained between P2O5 concentration in water-saturated soil solution and that of water soluble P2O5 (w-P2O5), but not with Truog-P2O5 in the soil : water extracts (1 : 40 and 1 : 200, v/v, respectively).
3. w-P2O5 and Truog-P2O5 content of the nursery soil did not change appreciably during the growing period.
It is concluded that the availability of applied phosphorus to maximize plant growth in nursery soils can be ascertained by the w-P2O5 concentration in the 1 : 40 soil : water extract. We found the optimum value to be 36 mg/100 ml of nursery soil for tomato, cucumber and eggplant.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
Yasutaka Kano, Nobuyuki Fukuoka1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 543-550
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHollowing in the root of Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a physiological disorder characterized by the lengthwise cleavage of the central stele, has been frequently associated with summer-sown crops. In this study, the involvement of auxin in the occurrence of hollow root in 'Gensuke' radish was investigated by spraying the leaves with a synthetic auxin, NAA, (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) of various concentrations at different growth periods.
Daily foliar applications of NAA for 15 days during four different periods revealed that 10 mg-liter-1 NAA applied between 16 and 30 days after sowing markedly suppressed root thickening and promoted the development of hollow roots. Treatments with NAA after this period produced little or no effect, especially at 0.1 and 1 mg-liter-1. Investigation of the effects of NAA on root morphology and the development of hollowing in roots revealed that spraying with NAA from the time seedlings emerge to 30 days after sowing caused roots to form densely arranged xylem vessels, indicating a decrease in the meristematic activity of xylem parenchymatous cells.
The evidence leads us to conclude that the high occurrence of hollow root in plants treated with 10 mg-liter-1 NAA results from the lowering of meristematic activity in xylem paren-chymatous cells among vessels because the cells lignify. This leads to small roots with densely arranged vessels and suppression of proliferation of "large parenchymatous cells" which usually project from the internal surface of the air space. Consequently, the intercellular air spaces coalesce into a large hollow cavity as the root continues to thicken.View full abstractDownload PDF (6337K) -
Takashi Nishizawa, Yuichiro Yasukawa1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 551-557
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn 1 November, 1989, resting strawberry plants of 'Nyoho', 'Hokowase', and 'Morioka 16' (low, medium, and high chill-requiring cultivars for the breaking of the resting state, respectively) were kept at 4°/3°C (day/night), under a 12-hr photoperiod for 0, 18, and 37 days (chilling treatment), and then transferred to a growth chamber maintained at 24°/20°C (day/night) under a 12-hr photoperiod (forcing treatment).
When 'Nyoho' strawberry plants received no chilling (unchilled control treatment), final petiole length and leaf area increased at higher leaf positions than did those of lower leaf position. However, such an increase was not distinct in the other 2 cultivars.
When the plants were chilled, the petiole length, the mean epidermal cell length of a petiole (petiolar cell length), and the leaf area of plants increased significantly, reaching maximum between the 3rd to 6th leaf which emerged during the subsequent forcing period, and then decreased at higher leaf positions. However, the number of epidermal cells per petiole length (number of petiolar cells) increased at higher leaf positions, irrespective of cultivars and duration of chilling.
Petioles of chilled plants were longer than those of unchilled plants, irrespective of leaf positions, because the former had longer cells than those of the latter. The contribution in petiole length by cell division was greater at higher than at lower leaf positions.
Leaves which differentiated after the plants were chilled had petioles which were longer than those at the same position on unchilled plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Takashi Nishizawa1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 559-564
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Donner) were transferred from an unheated plastic film greenhouse to a growth chamber controlled at 24°/22°C (day/night) under the conditions of a 16-hr photoperiod on 23 August, 23 October, and 23 November.
1. Petioles of plants transferred to the growth chamber on 23 August became longer at higher leaf positions. This is attributed to the increase in the number of epidermal cells per petiole length (cell number) ; concurrently, the mean length of those cells (cell length) decreased.
2. Petioles of plants transferred to the growth chamber on 23 October or 23 November also became longer at higher leaf positions, but their final length was shorter than that of the plants transferred to the growth chamber on 23 August.
3. Petioles of plants kept at 3°C in the dark for 42 days from 23 November and then transferred to the growth chamber became significantly longer than those of the plants transferred to the growth chamber on 23 November without chilling, irrespective of the positions of leaves. This increase in the petiole length of the first 3 leaves to elongate under the growth chamber conditions is mainly attributed to the increase in the cell length; the contribution by the number of cells increased remarkably at higher leaf positions than in these basal 3 leaves.
4. The length and the number of epidermal cells in petioles of strawberry plants during their growth and resting periods are supposed to change under the subsequent long-photoperiod and high-temperature conditions as follows:
(1) During the growth period, petioles at higher leaf positions elongate on account of the increase in the number of cells per unit length.
(2) As plants gradually enter the resting state during the fall season, the cell division of petioles developing in the crown is extremely inhibited under short-photoperiod and low-temperature conditions.
(3) During the rest period, chilling mainly preconditions petiolar cells to increase in length during the subsequent long-photoperiod and high-temperature conditions when the leaves approach emergence. However, the same chilling treatment promotes cell proliferation in petioles which are still in the differentiation stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
-Critical Day Length for Flower Induction of Late Bolting Material with No Chilling RequirementSusumu Yui, Hiroaki Yoshikawa1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 565-568
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe critical day length to induce bolting and flowering in the late bolting cultivar 'Osaka Shirona Bansei' of Brassica campestris L. (syn. B. rapa L.) ssp. pekinensis was examined. 'Osaka Shirona Bansei', a non-heading leaf vegetable, was almost insensitive to the chilling treatment but sensitive to the long day length for the bolting and flowering. Regardless of chilling treatment, the critical day length was around 14 hr. The possibility of introducing this unique bolting character into the heading Chinese cabbage type is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
Nobuo Sugiyama, Mikiya Hirooka1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 569-574
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships among oxalate, reduced N, and cation concentrations in leaves were examined for 14 cultivars of spinach grown in solution culture in the spring and fall.
Spinach leaves contained oxalate, malate, succinate, citrate, tartrate, and fumarate as non-volatile organic acids; their concentrations decreased in the respective order. Concentrations of total organic acids (TOA) differed among cultivars; they were closely correlated with concentrations of oxalate.
NO3- concentrations in leaves were extremely low as compared with those of total N, especially in leaves of spinach cultivars in spring. The relationship between reduced N and TOA concentrations as expressed as meq-g-1 FW was fitted a 1:1 theoretical ratio in the fall experiment. Concentrations of reduced N were a little higher relative to those of TOA in the spring, so that the slope of the curve was steeper. Nevertheless, the distribution formed a straight-line relationship (r= 0.937). Concentrations of sum of K, Na, Ca and Mg were higher than those of TOA. The correlation coefficients between the two variables for the cultivars examined were highly significant.
The data indicate that oxalate is synthesized in response to NO3- reduction and is not metabolized in spinach leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Mikiya Hirooka, Nobuo Sugiyama1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 575-579
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between growth rates and oxalate concentrations in spinach leaves were examined for 14 cultivars grown in solution culture in the spring and fall. Spinach leaves were harvested twice within a one-week-interval in both seasons; the incremental change in fresh weight of leaves and the relative growth rate (RGR) of leaves for the 7-day period were calculated.
The correlations between RGR for leaves and their oxalate concentrations at any harvest in both seasons were insignificant. An increase in fresh weight of leaves between the first and the second harvest was significantly correlated to oxalate concentration of leaves in both seasons. Oxalate concentration of leaves decreased from the first to the second harvest in most cultivars examined in this study; the decrease was significantly correlated to the increase in fresh weight of leaves.
The above results suggest that oxalate concentrations in leaves decreased more with time in cultivars with rapid growth rates than it did in those with slow growth rates.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
Yuji Yamamoto, Osamu Matsumoto1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 581-587
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of top growth and corm and cormel growth of four taro cultivars and one mutant line (obtained by tissue culture) derived from in vitro propagated seed corms (IP plants) were compared with plants growing from standard seed corms (ST plants). The growth habit of IP plants of Ishikawa-wase', an early maturing taro cultivar grown under a plastic house or a plastic tunnel in semi-forcing culture was also compared.
1. Although top growth of IP plants was inferior to that of ST plants in each cultivar and line, the growth of corm and cormel of IP plants was satisfactory; the ratios of corm and cormel fresh weights to whole plant fresh weight were higher in IP plants than in those of ST plants.
2. IP plants of the cultivars classified as cormel type, such as 'Uhan', 'Dotare', 'Wase-kohasubaimo', 'Ishikawa-wase' produced more cormels than did ST plants. But weight percormel of IP plants was lighter than that of ST plants.
3. In mutant line classified as corm type, IP plants showed better corm growth than ST plants. On the other hand, in cultivars of cormel type, IP plants produced less corm than did ST plants, and the ratio of edible part (total cormel weight to total weight of corm and cormel) was higher in IP plants than in ST plants.
4. There was no significant difference in growth habits of IP plants of 'Ishikawa-wase' obtained under semi-forcing and in open field culture.
5. It was observed that retardation of petiole extension, leaf mortality, and cormel growth tended to start earlier in IP plants than in ST plants.
6. From these results it is concluded that in vitro produced corm of early maturing cultivar may be useful as seed corm source for semi-forcing culture under a plastic house or a plastic tunnel.View full abstractDownload PDF (2235K) -
Sung Eun Kim, Hiroshi Okubo, Yasushi Kodama1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 589-594
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of sowing dates and photoperiod on the growth habit in stem determinate type dwarf lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) were investigated. 1. The plants in the greenhouse showed an indeterminate growth habit when the seeds were sown during June and August, but determinate when sown in any other months of the year. 2. A photoperiod longer than 13 hr caused an indeterminate growth habit. It is suggested that the determinate growth habit of a plant is controlled by photoperiod, temperature or a combination of both.View full abstractDownload PDF (3851K) -
Shiro Isshiki, Hiroshi Okubo, Kunimitsu Fujieda1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 595-601
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Indian wild cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. hardwickii Kitamura) and 81 accessions of cucumber (C. sativus) were examined for isozyme variations of six enzymes.
Variations were observed in malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), whereas shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were found to be monomorphic.
The variations implied that the Indian wild cucumber is a distant relative of the cultivated cucumber, but the relationships between ecotype differentiations among cucumber cultivars and isozyme phenotypes were not recognized. The one-seed analysis of MDH isozymes was useful in evaluating the seed purity of F1 cucumber, since the isozyme variations were scattered in commercial cultivars in respective diverse ecotypes.View full abstractDownload PDF (367K) -
Hong Yul Kim, Hiroshi Watanabe, Yoshio Suzuki1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 603-608
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Uniconazol on the morphological response particularly the formation of ray and tubular florets in Zinnia elegans Jacq. which include the tall cultivar Red Sun as well as dwarf cultivars such as Peter Pan Scarlet, Peter Pan Golden, Dreamland Scarlet and Dreamland Yellow. In addition, the effects of other growth retardants such as Ancymidol, CCC and SADH on cultivar Red Sun were also investigated.
Growth retardation induced by Uniconazol treatment was more prominent in dwarf cultivars than the tall cultivar Red Sun. In all cultivars treated with Uniconazol, the number of days to flowering was delayed 3-4 days and the flower fresh weight was reduced to less than half of control. The number of ray florets was decreased and tubular florets was increased by Uniconazol treatment in all cultivars especially in 'Red Sun'.
Growth retardation induced by Uniconazol was stronger than other growth retardants. The number of days to flowering were delayed 1.4, 2.5 and 3.6 days by Uniconazol, CCC and SADH treatments, respectively. The flower fresh weight was reduced to less than half of control due to Uniconazol, CCC and SADH treatments. All growth retardant treatments except Ancymidol reduced ray floret and increased tubular floret. As a result, the plants treated with growth retardants produced single and half-double flowers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2322K) -
Kazuo Ichimura, Yukio Yamamoto1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 609-617
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPollen tubes of self-incompatible Lilium longiflorum Thunb. grow in stylar canal exudates. Changes in the amount and composition of the exudate after self- and cross-pollination were investigated.
Stylar canal exudate injected into stylar canal promoted the growth of self-incompatible 'Hinomoto' pollen tubes. The promotion was more enhanced as the amount or concentration (expressed by carbohydrate concentration) of stylar canal exudate was increased. No significant difference was found in length between incompatible pollen tubes after injection at 80 mg•ml-1 carbohydrate concentration and cross-compatible 'Georgia' pollen tubes. Carbo-hydrate and protein contents of stylar canal exudate from self- or cross-pollinated pistils decreased as pollen tubes grew longer. Little difference between the contents of the canal exudates from self- and cross-pollinated pistils was observed. Sugar composition and molecular weight distribution of arabinogalactans which are main components of the canal exudate showed little differences by self- or cross-pollination. When pistils were administered 14C-glucose, the rates of incorporation of radioactivity into the canal exudates were not different between self- and cross-pollinated pistils. However, the amount of 14C incorporated into pollen tubes after cross-pollination was twice that fixed by pollen tubes after self-pollination. An interpretation of this phenomenon is that cross-pollination stimulated the secretion of the canal exudate more than did self-pollination.
Based on our findings, we attribute self-incompatibility in Lilium to the lack of stimulation of stylar exudate by a self pollen. This leads to an insufficient supply of canal exudate required for pollen tube growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
Atsushi Kano, Yukinori Fukazawa, Mamoru Aono, Kiyoshi Ohkawa1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 619-624
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of cutting methods, cutting media, and age of cutting on rooting capacity of Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. were investigated to improve propagation efficiency. The effects of CO2 enrichment and a new acclimatization technique for cutting were also tested.
1. Cuttings made from older shoots showed a higher rooting percentage than those made from younger ones.
2. Rockwool mats were found to be useful as a cutting medium for S. floribunda.
3. Cuttings with differentiated leaf buds showed higher rooting percentage than those without buds.
4. Rooting was stimulated by placing cuttings in a closed frame, especially when CO2 concentration was high.
5. An acclimatization technique using a computer controlled fan was developed to decrease water stress during the acclimatization period.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Motoko Mizozoe, Noboru Inagaki, Mitsuyo Okano, Michio Kanechi, Susumu ...1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 625-633
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of shading and fertilizing pre-treatments of mother stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) plants and NH4+ : NO3- ratio in the medium on in vitro micropropagation through leaf and hypocotyl explants were investigated.
1. In leaf explant culture, (1) shoot formation was enhanced when 'Ginshio' explants were taken from the mother plants grown under 75% shading and 1/2 strength Ootsuka liquid fertilizer. In 'Yukimatsuri' shoot formation was inhibited by shading mother plants grown in 1/2 and 1/4 strengths of Ootsuka fertilizer. (2) Reducing NH4+ : NO3- ratio in the medium promoted shoot formation in both cultivars.
2. In hypocotyl explant culture, (1) shading mother plants for two weeks after sowing resulted in less shoot formation in both cultivars. (2) Addition of NH4+ to the medium, by which the ratios of NH4+ : NO3- were adjusted to 1 : 10 and 1 : 2 in 'Littlejem Yellow' and 'Yukimatsuri' respectively, enhanced shoot formation and increased the number of shoots per explant. The highest rate of shoot formation was 85% in both cultivars.
3. Most shoots regenerated from leaf and hypocotyl explants appeared vitrified. Vitrified leaves, unlike normal ones, (1) had higher moisture content; (2) were larger; and (3) had poorly developed vascular bundles and palisade tissues. The stomata of vitrified leaves were frequently located above and below the epidermal cell layer and distributed irregularly.View full abstractDownload PDF (6090K) -
Yoshihiro Kageyama, Kuniyoshi Konishi1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 635-642
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake and growth rate of chrysanthemum plants grown hydroponically for cut flowers was investigated.
In Exp. 1, fresh weight increase of chrysanthemum cv. Seiun plants at flower budding phase administered 0 to 40 ppm in culture solution for 16 days was evaluated.
1. P uptake by the chrysanthemum plants was nearly proportionate to P concentration in the culture solution.
2. The rate of increase in fresh weight of plants was not affected by the P concentration in the range of 20 to 40 ppm.
In Exp. 2, to determine the optimum amount of P uptake for marketable cut flowers in chrysanthemum cv. Otomezakura, 50, 100 and 200 mg P per plant were applied at planting time. In another plot, 20 ppm P in culture solution was adjusted weekly by adding an equivalent amount of P absorbed by plants.
1. In the 50 mg P plot all P was absorbed by plants within 5 weeks after planting. The plants in this plot showed P deficiency symptom and delayed flowering. Although the phosphorus in the 100 mg P plot was wholly absorbed at within 7 weeks after planting (3 weeks before flowering), the plants grew and flowered normally.
2. Plants in both 200 mg P and 20 ppm P plots exhibited P excess symptom in the middle and lower leaves, e. g., chlorosis and pale green colour.
3. The rates of fresh weight increases in the four P plots were almost similar; their fresh weights were not significantly different at the end of the experiment.
4. The leaves of plants which absorbed up to 190 mg P and showed P excess symptom contained 0.51 to 0.70% P on dry weight basis, whereas leaves of plants which absorbed 50 mg P and showed P deficiency symptom contained 0.13 to 0.18% P.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Motoaki Doi, Tamami Mizuno, Hideo Imanishi1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 643-649
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPotted plants of Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. ex D. Oliver 'Super Erfin Scarlet' were acclimatized under various preharvest shaded conditions for 30 days and then subjectec to simulated postharvest florist shop conditions, i. e., 20°C and artificial lighting providec by fluorescent tubes.
1. The shelf life of potted plants was affected by both pre- and postharvest light condi tions. Flower bud abscission was suppressed by a 60 to 80% reduction in light intensity during the 30-day preharvest period and a light intensity of 5.50W-m-2 after harvest.
2. Under such conditions, the leaves of acclimatized plants exhibited less L x b/|a| and had increased chlorophyll content which persisted under the simulated florist shop conditions. Foliar spray of 0.001mM silver thiosulfate (STS) applied at harvest just prior to shippirq effectively reduced flower bud abscission induced by low light intensity during the posthar vest period; but STS applications had no effect on preventing weak shoot growth. Light intensity of 3.5W•m-2 provided by 3-band radiation type fluorescent tubes, in combination with STS application, extended the shelf life of potted Impatiens plants up to 19 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Genjiro Mori, Hideo Imanishi, Yoshihiro Sakanishi1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 651-657
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the growth periodicity of Crinum × powellii Hort. ex Bak. cv. Album grown outdoors was clarified and the effect of temperature on the initiation and development of flower buds was investigated.
1. The crinum bulb develops a sympodial branching system. Each unit has a membranous scale and 23 foliage leaves in a spiral arrangement from the base upwards, terminating in an inflorescence that bears 710 florets. During the growing period from spring to autumn, repeated sympodial branching results in 56 inflorescences being initiated.
2. In July after the flowering season, 56 inflorescences existed in each bulb. The first florets in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd inflorescences were already at the stage when carpel margins fuse to form the ovary. The pollen mother cell of these florets reached the tetrad stage and the pollen grains matured and became functional between April and May of the following year. They bloomed in late May through June. Differentiation of the 4th and 5th inflorescences proceeded after the 3rd inflorescence, but they aborted at the stage when carpel margins fuse between June and July of the following year. Floral parts of the 6th inflorescence developed gradually reaching the stage of carpel fusion by June which is essentially the same as that described for the 1st inflorescence.
3. Plants did not flower when they were moved from the outdoors to a glasshouse kept above 20°C on or before 2 November. This suggests that the plants have a chilling requirement for flowering.
4. When plants with inflorescences at carpel formation stage were exposed to chilling at 15°/12°C (day/night) for 30 days or at 6°Cfor 45 days and then shifted to a glasshouse kept above 20°C, they flowered normally.
5. After the chilling requirement was fully satisfied, exposure to higher temperatures resulted in earlier flowering without a reduction in the length of scapes or number of florets.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Joseph G. Dubouzet, Ken-ichi Arisumi, Takeomi Etoh, Eisuke Matsuo, Yus ...1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 659-664
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vegetative and reproductive performances of Allium aflatunense 'Purple Sensation', A. albopilosum, A. cowanii, A. elatum, A. giganteum, A. moly, A. neapolitanum, A. oreophilum var. ostrowskianum, A. roseum and A. stipitatum were evaluated in Kagoshima, southern Japan, from October 1990 to May 1991. A. cowanii, A. neapolitanum and A. roseum emerged during autumn, whereas the rest emerged in the spring. A. datum, A. oreophilum var. ostrowskianum and A. stipitatum failed to flower. Sexual reproduction through selling or interspecific crossing failed to produce normal mature seed. Except for A. cowanii, A. giganteum, A. neapolitanum and A. roseum, marked physiological dysfunction in the rest of the species was indicated by the much reduced bulb weights at harvest as compared to the mother bulb weights. With A. albopilosum and A. giganteum, planting large bulbs or cloves was correlated with later emergence and much later flowering in addition to slight increases in number and weight of harvested bulbs.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Keishi Shimokawa, Atsushi Yanagisako, Yoshinori Uchida1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 665-673
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA chlorophyllide a breaching enzyme extracted from degreening Citrus unshiu fruits was purified some 1, 000-fold and characterized.
1. The enzyme catalyses chlorophyllide a degradation in the presence of H2O2 and the phenols, 2, 4-dichlorophenol or p-coumaric acid. It behaves as a protein with a MW of 42, 000 on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration but it does not give a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), SDS-PAGE, and upon staining with guaiacol in the presence of H2O2. The Michaelis constant, Km, for chlorophyllide a was 13.2 μM.
2. The enzyme exhibited IAA oxidase activity in the presence of Mn++; it was inhibited by hydroquinone, Tiron, potassium cyanide (KCN), diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) but not by iodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), N-ethylmaleimide, histidine, D-mannose, dimethylfuran, triethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), NaN3 and thiourea.
The possible in vivo participation of this in vitro enzyme system as a H2O2-scavenging system in the dark is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2263K) -
Yuko Ishikawa(Takano), Yoshinori Ikoma, Katsuyoshi Kaneko1992 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 675-684
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe physical and chemical properties of fruits used as raw materials for juice processing were examined among 12 strains in 6 classes of very early ripening mutants of Wase satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. var. praecox Tanaka) with special reference to the limonoid compounds.
All the strains used in these experiments completely fulfilled the criteria of the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) for single-strength juice. On the basis of these criteria, the sugar, citric acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), amino-nitrogen and ash contents in the very early ripening mutants were suitable for juice processing.
However, the contents of limonoid compounds of these strains were much higher than those of Wase and Common satsuma mandarin at the usual harvest time. Such high contents may cause the so called "delayed bitterness" in their juice products after processing with an In-Line juice extractor. Therefore, to alleviate this shortcoming, it is suggested that the fruits should be harvested at the full ripening stage.
Although the mutants were classified into 6 maturation types based on the variations of acid contents and coloring time of the fruit, the maturation time could not be estimated on the basis of the contents of limonoid compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K)
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