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Volume 70, Issue 6
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Hiroyuki Miura, Yoichi Yamato, Megumi Hamano, Hiroko Yamazaki2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 665-668
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficiency of, and appropriate temperature, its duration and moisture content of a seeding mixture (Pretty Soil, type 140) for post-sown (PS) priming of parsley seeds were studied. The seeds were sown in flats packed with the seeding mixture adjusted to a moisture content of 45 and 50%, and primed at different temperatures for different periods of time in boxes to prevent the evaporation of moisture from the seeding mixture. Thereafter, the control unprimed seeds were sown and the treated and the control flats were fully watered and subjected to the conditions required for growth. In Experiment 2 and 4, during the treatments with moisture at 45 and 50% contents for 10 days at 15°C and for 7 days at 25°C seeds emerged at the rates of 20 to 40% and these seedlings were etiolated, indicating that these treatments were not appropriate. In the treatments at 15°C for 7 days (Expriment 1) and at 25°C for 5 days (Expriment 3), the percentage of emergence under the growing conditions of cabinets was almost always higher with a 45% moisture content than with a 50% moisture content. In Expriment 5, the emergence in the early days was more rapid in the treatment with a moisture content of 45% at 25°C for 5 days than in the treatment with a moisture content of 45% at 15°C for 7 days. In Experiment 6, the seeds in the treatment with a moisture content of 45% at 25°C for 5 days, emerged earlier, faster and in larger numbers in a glasshouse, and grew into seedlings with a more uniform fresh weight than those in the absence of treatment. The treatment with the seeding mixture adjusted to a moisture content of 45% at 25°C for 5 days was found to be suitable for PS priming.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Shinichi Watanabe, Yuka Nakano, Kunio Okano2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 669-674
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe light-interception characteristics and field photosynthetic rates of individual leaves were compared between vertically and horizontally trained watermelon plants to determine why the former produced smaller fruit than the latter. The planting density of the vertically trained plants was 3 times greater than that of the horizontally trained plants, because in the former the shoots were trained upward, whereas the latter were spread on the ground. Although the amount of solar radiation received by the upper leaves was similar in both plots, significantly less light was received by the middle and lower leaves of the vertically trained plants than by those of the horizontally trained ones. In the vertically trained plants, the photosynthetic rate was high at the upper leaves and decreased gradually with lower leaf positions. The photosynthetic rate in the horizontally trained plants was generally high, but the difference in the rate among leaves in different positions varied. We conclude that the main reason for the lighter fruits on the vertically trained watermelon plants is that the middle and lower leaves received less light because of shading compared with horizontally grown vines.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Yumei Wang, Naosuke Nii2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 675-681
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnatomical features and biochemical changes in ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) accumulation were observed to identify the factors that control photosynthetic activity related to leaf enlargement in Amaranthus tricolor plants. In the upper portion of the leaves, chlorophyll content increased rapidly during the early stages of leaf expansion ; the anthocyanin content in the basal green/red portion of the leaves continued to increase during their enlargement. The lamina taken before unfolding consisted of a six-layered plate, which included the abaxial and adaxial epidermises and 4 layers of mesophyll parenchyma. Leaf thickness and palisade cell length approached a maximum when leaf areas reached 20cm2 (about 100mm in leaf length). The ratio of leaf mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells decreased rapidly as leaf areas increased. Small starch grains accumulated within the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, while they gradually accumulated within bundle sheath cells. Immediately after unfolding, many fully differentiated stomata appeared simultaneously. Mature leaves contained higher concentrations of RuBisCO protein than did immature leaves. Before leaf unfolding, RuBisCO protein is localized within the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells. Following differentiation of the bundle sheath, RuBisCO is mainly localized within the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells. There is little obvious anatomical development of mesophyll tissue between the green portions and the green/red portions of the leaves in A. tricolor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1437K) -
Yasuhisa Kuginuki, Hikaru Tsukazaki2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 682-690
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic transformation in Brassica vegetables, especially cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) and Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. (syn. B. campestris L.) ssp. pekinensis), has been difficult, probably because of their low regeneration ability in tissue and cell culture. Varietal differences in the regeneration ability were examined among 36 cultivars of B. oleracea and B. rapa in tissue culture. We found a wide varietal difference in the frequency of shoots regenerated from hypocotyls and cotyledonary petioles. Using 11 cultivars with high regeneration ability and 5 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from 2 cultivars, transgenic plants were obtained from 7 cultivars and 3 DH lines. The transformants were confirmed by histochemical β-glucuronidase gene activity and PCR analysis. From these results, we believe Agrobacterium-mediated transformation can be effectively applied for breeding of Brassica vegetables.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Hiro Shimai2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 691-696
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious flowering responses in Petunia × hybrida Vilm. 'Garden Party White' and 'Snow Cloud White' were studied under different photoperiods and irradiance levels. In particular, leaf number below the first flower bud (LNBFB) on the main stem, time to macroscopic flower bud visibility (MFBV), time to anthesis, time to flower bud development, and the percentage of flower bud abortion were examined. LNBFB increased significantly (P<0.001) only under a combination of short-day (SD) and low irradiance, but each had little effect alone. Time to MFBV and time to anthesis decreased, as photoperiod or irradiance increased. One of the main factors on late anthesis under unfavourable light condition appears to be flower bud abortion. In this study, photoperiod or irradiance had no effect on LNBFB, but they influenced the time to anthesis either singly or together, indicating that long-day (LD) and/or high irradiance is necessary for minimizing a production period of petunia plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Biao Ma, Isao Tarumoto, Noriyoshi Nakamura, Hisato Kunitake2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 697-703
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInterspecific crosses were made between a sterile species (L. incarnata) and four fertile species (L. sanguinea, L. sprengeri, L. radiata var. pumila (L. pumila, hereafter), and L. aurea) to breed varieties with new characters. Embryos, excised from ovules 20-30 days after pollination, were cultured on a modified MS medium containing 500 mg·liter-1 casein hydrolysate (Ma et al., 2001). Interspecific crosses using L. incarnata as a female parent yielded 26 hybrid plants, whereas that of L. sanguinea × L. incarnata produced none. Cytological studies revealed that all hybrids were triploid, which would have originated from the fertilization of an unreduced 2n-egg of the female parent (L. incarnata) and a normal haploid gamete of the male parent. The hybridity was also confirmed by isozyme analysis in 26 hybrid plants and partly by character observation in hybrid plants of L. incarnata × L. pumila.View full abstractDownload PDF (1446K) -
Naoki Yamauchi, Akihiro Kusabe2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 704-708
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in reducing substances and enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were determined in senescing broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). Levels of L-ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione decreased greatly in senescing of broccoli during storage at 15°C, whereas the NADPH content increased gradually. Glutathione reductase activity changed little following a slight decrease during storage at 15°C. Dehydroascorbate reductase activity decreased gradually with yellowing of the floral tissues, whereas ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased following an increase 2 days after storage. Thus, the decrease in reducing substances and enzyme activities involved in the cycle seems partly responsible for the acceleration of senescence.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
Fumie Nishikawa, Masaya Kato, Tomoko Kamo, Ran Wang, Hiroshi Hyodo, Yo ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 709-715
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBroccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets senesced rapidly after harvest at ambient room temperatures. Whole plants of broccoli were harvested in the field and brought to the laboratory, then the stem was excised from the root. Ethylene production in the first cross-sectional layer (2 mm thick) initially increased markedly from a trace amount at 0 hr to a peak at 12 hr, then decreased gradually. The rate of ethylene production in florets increased gradually after harvest to reach a maximum at 24 hr. A high amount of ascorbate in florets at harvest, just after separation from the stem, rapidly declined to a low level during senescence. However, in the stem tissue including the cut surface, the ascorbate level which was much less than that of florets, remained almost unchanged during the experimental period. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which may be responsible for the first step in ascorbate oxidation retained high activity in broccoli florets after harvest, then decreased slightly during senescence. These results suggest that some additional factors (components) besides high APX activity could be involved in the rapid breakdown of ascorbate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1088K) -
Sumiko Sugaya, Hiroshi Gemma, Shuichi Iwahori2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 716-718
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cDNA clone, Pr-gTIP1, encoding a water channel protein was isolated from the mesocarp tissue of peach fruits (Prunus persica Batsch). The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA was highly homologous to those of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) isolated from other plants ; it contained two NPA (asparagine, proline and alanine) motifs, that are part of the pore structure of water channels. Genome gel DNA blot analysis indicates that the gene exists in the peach genome as a single copy. RNA gel blot analysis reveals that Pr-gTIP1 is expressed at an early and late stages of fruit development.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
Hiroyuki Fujisawa, Toshio Takahara, Tatsushi Ogata2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 719-721
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS'Kiyomi' tangor (Citrus unshiu Marc. x C. sinensis Osb.) fruit held at ambient temperature and humidity for one to two weeks (prestorage conditioning) prior to storing them at various cold temperatures and humidities were compared with fruit stored directly without prestorage treatment to seek means of preventing rind injury. The conditioning treatment increased the occurrence of rind injury as brown spotting, while symptoms of chilling injury appeared as pitting on fruit stored at 1°C. Rind injury occurred early during storage at 12°C, whereas it developed slowly at 5-6°C, especially under high relative humidity (RH). 'Kiyomi' fruit, stored at 6°C and >98% RH without prestorage conditioning, remained sound with little or no rind injury for 5 months after harvest.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Michikazu Hiramatsu, Hiroshi Okubo, Kuang Liang Huang, Chi Wei Huang, ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 722-724
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe clarified the isolation status between Lilium longiflorum and L. formosanum which are endemic to the subtropical archipelago extended from the Ryukyu Archipelago to Taiwan. From field observations of natural populations, covering almost the entire native distribution of the species in their natural habitats and recording their flowering times, stem leaf morphology, the three populations from the mainland and an islet of Taiwan and all those of the Ryukyu Archipelago were readily classified as L. longiflorum, whereas the remaining Taiwanese populations were grouped as L. formosanum. This indicates that an interspecific isolation was never established by island separation, but probably by the combination of relatively distinct differentiations in adaptability to their natural habitats and in flowering time. The evolutionary trends seem to have severely restricted the gene flow between the species, and, thereby, promoted speciation.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Shinichi Watanabe, Yuka Nakano, Kunio Okano2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 725-732
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between total leaf area per plant and fruit weight were investigated in vertically and horizontally trained watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai] plants. Watermelon plants grafted on bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) were grown in a glasshouse. In the vertically trained system, elongating shoots were initially suspended with polyethylene strings and then draped over horizontally stretched steel wire about 180 cm above the bed. In the horizontally trained system, shoots were spread on the ground. Each plant had one hand-pollinated fruit. In the vertically trained system, fruit was suspended in a cross-tied polyethylene string. In Experiment 1, June-harvest culture, 'Honey-syaruman', 'Yoshino' and 'Wase-tenryu' seedlings were planted at a density of 95.2 plants·a-1 (95.2-190.5 shoots·a-1 with a LAI<1). In Experiment 2, Novemberharvest culture, one group of 'Wase-tenryu' seedlings was planted at densities of 95.2 and 190.5 plants·a-1 (190.5 to 285.2 shoots·a-1 with LAI of 1.69 to 2.13) and trained vertically. A second group of seedlings was planted at a density of 31.7 plants·a-1 (63.5 shoots·a-1 with a LAI<1) and trained horizontally. 1. In both June-harvest and November-harvest cultures, fruit weight was closely related to total leaf area per plant in the vertical or horizontal trainings. 2. Fruit weight in the vertically trained plants was significantly lighter than that in the horizontally trained ones even when the total leaf area was similar. 3. The training method or the total leaf area per plant had little or no influence on the total soluble solids contents of the fruit. 4. These results indicate that fruit weight of watermelon is basically determined by total leaf area per plant although some other factors (e.g. light interception characteristics) may be also involved.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
Teruo Wada, Hideo Ikeda, Kayo Morimoto, Hajime Furukawa, Kazuhiro Abe2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 733-739
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of minimum air temperatures during the seedling stage on single-truss tomatoes were studied. Tomato seedlings were grown hydroponically in a greenhouse at 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°C 1. As the minimum air temperature increased, plant growth increased. Shoot fresh weight, plant height and leaf area were greatest at 20°C. Leaf number increased in proportion to the integrated effective air temperature. Regression analysis indicated that each cultivar fitted into only one regression line regardless of the minimum air temperature, the regression coefficients of 'Momotaro', 'Multi-first', and 'TVR-2' were 0.0157, 0.0147, and 0.0153, respectively. 2. Seedlings from each minimum temperature treatment were transplanted and grown on a singletruss system at a minimum of 20°C when the flower buds appeared. As the minimum air temperature at the seedling stage was lowered, the number of flowers per plants significantly increased, except for 'Momotaro'. Fruit were heavier on seedlings exposed to 5° and 10°C than at 15° and 20°C, but the number of irregularly shaped fruits significantly increased, so that marketable fruit yield decreased. The Brix of the fruits significantly increased as the seedlings were exposed to higher minimum air temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (868K) -
Motoaki Doi, Yuri Torata, Hirokazu Maniwa, Hideo Imanishi2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 740-746
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of long term storage of Freesia hybrida Hort. 'Cote d'Azur' cormlets at 30°C and the combination of 30°C and 2°C were investigated on flowering time and cut flower quality. Irrespective of when cormlets had stored at 2°C, chilling induced pupation, poor sprouting, and limited shoot growth after planting. Large cormlets (2.6g), which had been stored in a netted bag at 30°C from mid-July to February, retained their potential for sprouting and developing vigorous shoots, whereas small cormlets (0.7g) became desiccated and died. Cormlets stored at high temperature produced late, but longer and heavier cut flowers than did the cold stored ones. The improved quality of cut flowers with delayed flowering time is attributed to the increased number of leaf primordia at planting and subsequent prolonged juvenile phase as indicated by the decreased apex size of the cormlets. High-temperature storage of medium to small sized cormlets in a perforated polyethylene bag ensured planting until early February ; this is an effective way to prevent them from desiccation. When these cormlets were planted on February 1, they produced marketable flowers by early to mid-June.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
Jincai Li, Xiheng Zhao, Shuichiro Matsui2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 747-752
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaves of nine, seven and nine species, respectively, of C3, C4 and CAM plants, under usual growing conditions, were collected to determine H2O2 content and the activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes. H2O2 content in leaves of C4 plants was similar to that of C3 plants, whereas that of CAM plants was higher. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were higher in C3 plants compared to those of CAM plants. C4 plants exhibited higher APX but lower CAT activities than C3 plants ; however, both activities were higher than those of CAM plants. Our findings indicate that oxygen-scavenging systems in plants, such as those involving H2O2, differ from their photosynthetic capacities.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Akira Uda, Junya Yase, Masahito Yamanaka, Hiroshi Fujii2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 753-759
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignificant differences in numbers of resident leaf beetles (Aulacophora nigripennis) were observed among 28 Dianthus plant species. D. pungens showed significantly high frequencies of beetles than on carnations (D. caryophyllus). This indicated that D. pungens might serve as a trap plant for A. nigripennis. To prove that trap plants can control A. nigripennis, four D. pungens seedlings were planted in a container. A container was placed outside both entrances of one greenhouse (3.3×4.0m) where 120 carnation plants were growing. No trap plants were set up at the entrances of the second greenhouse where the same number of carnation plants were growing. When the trap plants were used, the mean number of resident A. nigripennis per 100 carnation plants per day from Aug. 22 to Oct. 2, 1999, decreased from 1.5 to 0.1. The rate of damaged carnations decreased from 55.8% to 4.2%, and the damage index decreased from 20.8 to 1.0. The results showed that D. pungens is useful as a trap plant to control A. nigripennis during carnation production.View full abstractDownload PDF (765K) -
Tanjuro Goto, Noriyuki Takaya, Naoko Yoshioka, Yuichi Yoshida, Yoshihi ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 760-766
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to test the effects of reducing water and nutrient stresses on vegetative growth of chrysanthemum cv. Pinky in restricted root zone volume (10∿1000ml). In Exp. 1, plants were grown using continuous flowing hydroponic system (CFHS). In Exp. 2, plants grown on a substrate were supplied nutrient solution via a drip system (SDS) 1, 3, 8 or 13 times per day until leaching occurred. In CFHS, stem length and node number were unaffected by root zone volume 25 days after planting (DAP). Total leaf area, shoot and root dry weights decreased with a decrease in root zone volume ; there were small differences among the plants grown in different containers, e.g. shoot dry weight of plants grown in 10 ml containers was about 80% of that in 1000 ml containers. Shoot to root ratio slightly increased with a decrease in root zone volume. In SDS, reduction in stem elongation was observed 14 DAP in plants grown in 30 ml containers fertigated only once a day. However, there was little difference in stem lengths among the plants grown in different containers 28 DAP when fertigated 8 times per day. Shoot growth 35 DAP was reduced with a decrease in root zone volume, however in plants grown in 30 ml or 100 ml containers, reduction of shoot growth markedly decreased with an increase in fertigation frequency. Root zone volume had a little effect on shoot growth if plants were fertigated 8 or 13 times. Irrespective of fertigation frequency, root dry weight increased with an increase in root zone volume. Shoot to root ratio was unaffected by root zone volume in plants fertigated 1 or 3 times but the ratio in plants treated 8 or 13 times increased with decrease in root zone volume. Thus, limiting of water and nutrients is the main factor in growth suppression caused by root zone restriction. Hence, vegetative growth of chrysanthemum plants in small container (≤100ml), e.g. cell or pot transplants production, can be sustained by the application of water and nutrients 8 times per day.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Masahide Iizuka, Nobuhiro Kudo, Yasuo Kimura, Isao Ogiwara2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 767-773
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReciprocal crosses between Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex Blume. and S. japonica L. fil. were carried out, to incorporate red color to S. thunbergii. In vitro germination rate of the stored pollen, germination of pollen grains on the stigma, growth of the pollen tubes, and the development of ovule were investigated, in addition ovule culture was tried to obtain interspecific hybrids. 1. Since the flowering time of both species differed, pollen grains of both species were stored dry at -30°C, 5°C, and 20°C. Only the pollen of both species stored at -30°C for 360 days remained viable for crossing. 2. Pollen grains of S. japonica, stored at -30°C, germinated well on the stigma of S. thunbergii. The pollen tubes elongated rapidly to the ovary as the developing ovules were observed 10 days after pollination. Stored pollens of S. thunbergii germinated well on the stigma of S. japonica, but whether the pollen tubes reached the ovary it was not confirmed. 3. In the interspecific crosses between S. thunbergii (♀) and S. japonica (♂), enlarged ovules excised 16 days after pollination were cultured in 1/2MS medium containing 30g·liter-1 sucrose and 8g·lite-1 agar. The resulting plantlets seem to be true hybrids between S. thunbergii and S. japonica., based on several morphological characteristics and the RAPD banding patterns which exhibited the same bands as the parents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1240K) -
Tatsuya Hayashida, Yasushi Shibato, Yuji Hamachi, Youichi Yamato, Hiro ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 774-776
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of red(R) to far-red(FR) photon flux density ratio in transparent light on the growth of pak-choi under high temperature was examined to test if stem elongation of seedlings can be controlled. Experiments were conducted under three light conditions using films with differing R/FR ratios ; transparent film and films with low transparency for red and far-red light (reduced red light and reduced far-red light, respectively). The R/FR ratio (600-700nm/700-800nm) was 1.05 in the transparent film, 0.67 in the reduced red light film, and 1.66 in the reduced far-red light film. Stem lengths of pak-choi seedlings exposed to 29°/25°C (day/night) were significantly shorter under reduced far-red light and significantly longer under reduced red light than those grown under transparent film. Leaf width did not differ between the transparent film and reduced far-red light but that under reduced red light was significantly narrower. Our results indicate that stem lengths of pak-choi seedlings can be controlled, even under high temperature conditions, by using covering them with material which increase the R/FR ratio under natural light.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Masanori Ohkawa2001 Volume 70 Issue 6 Pages 777-779
Published: November 15, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of concentrations of MS medium, sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on bulblet formed on small globular scale of Fritillaria camtschatcensis Ker-Gawl. were researched. The scales were cultured for 4 weeks under continuous light of 1, 500 lx at 25°C on a rotary shaker. Our results show that the standard strength MS medium containing 6% sucrose and 1% PEG provides the optimun condition for inducing and subsequent growing bulblets from scales of Fritillaria camtschatcensis Ker-Gawl.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K)
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