Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science
Online ISSN : 1880-358X
Print ISSN : 0013-7626
ISSN-L : 0013-7626
Volume 72, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
  • Fumihiro Katoh, Atsushi Ooishi
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 93-98
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Rejuvenation traits in papaya (Carica papaya L.) 'Taino No.2' were studied in relation to the number of leaf lobes, and leaf and internodal lengths, depending on the nodal orders. Papaya consistently differentiated new nodes at definite intervals, the number of differentiated nodes corresponds with the age (days of culture). Likewise, the number of leaf lobes increased with node height. The relationships between leaf and internodal lengths with nodal orders were straight lines with considerable variation, whereas that between the number of leaf lobes and nodal orders were close and curvilinear. However, with rooted cuttings, the number of leaf lobes varied, depending on the nodal order of the mother plants from which the cuttings were taken, indicating that the age of the mother plants was reflected by the young derivatives. The number of leaf lobes in cultured plantlets closely approximated that of seedlings regardless of the nodal order from which original cuttings were obtained. Hence, it seems that cultured plantlets revert to the juvenile seedling stage. The number of leaf lobes that reflects the age of young papaya plants, is useful for estimating their juvenile status during their growth and development.
    Download PDF (999K)
  • Akihiro Itai, Kenji Tanabe, Fumio Tamura, Masao Tomomitsu
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 99-106
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have isolated a cDNA (PPACS3) encoding ACC synthase from the ripening fruit of the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Nijisseiki). This cDNA clone consisted of 1891 bp, containing an open reading frame of 1485 bp that coded for a polypeptide with 495 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acids of PPACS3 revealed 58% and 53% identity to those of PPACS1 and PPACS2, respectively. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the PPACS3 mRNA was expressed at a low level in ripening fruits in all cultivars in Japanese pear. Moreover, wound treatment increased the expression of PPACS3 mRNA, indicating that the PPACS3 gene is associated with fruit ripening and wounding.
    Download PDF (1208K)
  • Hino Motosugi, Takasumi Naruo
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 107-115
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Embryo culture was utilized to obtain progenies from crosses between three diploid, female rootstock cultivars, 'Millardet et de Grasset 101-14' ['101-14' (2x), Vitis riparia Michx × V. rupestris Scheele], 'Millardet et de Grasset 41B' ['41B' (2x), V. berlandieri Planch. × V. vinifera L.] and 'Kober 5BB' ['5BB' (2x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia] and a tetraploid male rootstock cultivar 'Teleki 5C', ['5C' (4x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia]. Most of the embryos derived from these three cross combinations had globular and abnormal- or obscure-shapes. Four, three and two triploids were obtained from the embryos derived from '101-14' (2x) × '5C' (4x), '41B' (2x) × '5C' (4x) and '5BB' (2x) × '5C' (4x), respectively. The growth characteristics of a triploid derived from '5BB' (2x) × '5C' (4x), called E-1 (3x) were compared with '5BB' (2x) and its tetraploid ['5BB' (4x)] in the acclimating stage. Shoot and root growths and leaf morphology of E-1 (3x) were intermediate between those of '5BB' (2x) and '5BB' (4x). The growth of 'Kyoho' (V. × labruscana Bailey) grapevines micrografted onto '5BB' (2x), E-1 (3x) and '5BB' (4x) were also compared in the acclimating stage. The growth of scion shoot and root was the largest on '5BB' (2x), intermediate on E-1 (3x) and the smallest '5BB' (4x). In the aseptic co-culture of root segments and phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), E-1 (3x) and '5BB' (4x) was found to be highly resistant to the insect.
    Download PDF (1701K)
  • Toshiya Yamamoto, Kohei Mochida, Tateki Hayashi
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 116-121
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Almost all peaches grown in Japan supposedly originated from 'Hakuto' by crossbreeding, so that they are closely related to it. For example, 'Hakuho' and 'Akatsuki', offsprings of 'Hakuto', were obtained by controlled hybridization. There is a possibility that many cultivars are chance seedlings or bud sports of 'Hakuto'. However, the genetic origin of 'Hakuto' has not yet been identified. In this study, genetic relationships between 'Hakuto' and other peaches with different origins were analyzed, using 10 SSR markers. The results indicate that a close relationship exists between 'Shanhai Suimitsuto' and 'Hakuto' as well as a possible parent-offspring relationship. Contrarily, the peach 'Kinto' showed a close relationship to 'Hakuto' but not that of a parent-offspring because of a discrepancy of genotypes for the SSR loci. Parentage analysis of 'Hakuto' and 'Shanhai Suimitsuto' that was analyzed by 43 SSR loci, revealed that all SSR alleles were inherited by 'Hakuto' without any discrepancy from the putative parent 'Shanhai Suimitsuto'. These results indicate the very high possibility that 'Shanhai Suimitsuto' is a parent of 'Hakuto' and one of the original germplasm of the Japanese peaches.
    Download PDF (837K)
  • Takayuki Mizutani, Takayuki Tanaka
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 122-127
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polymorphisms were observed in 14 enzyme systems in the following Lactuca species, lettuce, L. sativa, and its relative wild species, L. serriola, L. saligna, L. virosa and L. indica; 6 loci of the 3 enzymes, GOT, PGI and 6-PDH, were found to be dimeric. The segregation analysis of the F2 progeny between lettuce and L. serriola revealed 4 loci, Got-1, Got-2, Pgi-2 and Pdh-2 and a linkage among 3 loci, Got-2, Pgi-2 and Pdh-2. Band intensity of the somatic hybrid (hexaploid) between lettuce and L. indica showed that the hybrid is composed of 4 genomes of lettuce and 2 genomes of L. indica. Thus, the genes in the 6 loci are considered to be useful genetic markers for the breeding of lettuce.
    Download PDF (844K)
  • Ayano Michishita, Kenji Ureshino, Ikuo Miyajima
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 128-130
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Inheritance of fall-flowering character was investigated among progenies of interspecific crosses between evergreen azaleas. The frequency of fall-flowering seedlings was high in the crosses with Rhododendron kiusianum Makino, irrespective of cross direction. R. kiusianum is a valuable parent to give crossing opportunity twice a year.
    Download PDF (468K)
  • Nobuko Shimomura, Katsuhiko Inamoto, Motoaki Doi, Emiko Sakai, Hideo I ...
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 131-133
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    By using image analysis, we could non-destructively estimate leaf area index (LAI) of canopies of photosynthesizing shoots for 'Asami Red' roses trained to "arching" system by several methods when the LAI was less than 4.0. We also studied the relationship between LAI and shoot productivity and found that an LAI of 3.0 to be optimum for the production of "arching" rose plants. Harvesting flowering shoots leaving two five-leaflet leaves effectively increased their number and cumulative fresh weights, compared with harvesting shoots at their point of outgrowth. The necessity of maximizing flowering shoot outgrowth as a sink was discussed.
    Download PDF (504K)
  • Masao Yajima, Yasumitu Watanabe, Katuto Yanagisawa, Shigeru Shomura, S ...
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The obtainment of mutants from Persian walnut, which is considered to have little mutability, is a reference for future breeding. Pollen characteristics and chromosome pairings at pro-, meta- and anaphase II of 'Mitsuru', a diploid Shinano walnut cultivar ('2x-Mitsuru', hybrid of Teuchi and Persian walnut), and tetraploid 'Mitsuru' ('4x- Mitsuru'), derived from 'Mitsuru' by colchicine treatment, were investigated. Moreover, the possible application as breeding material was also studied. In the control '2x-Mitsuru', the pairing was 16II valence (n=16II) for all investigated cells. However, for '4x-Mitsuru', out of 45 nuclear plates, 35.6% were 5IV + 9III + 411 + 9I, and 6.7% were 32II. In the pairing at prophase of '4x-Mitsuru', multivalent chromosomes above IV valence were not observed, and IV valence were at most five. Furthermore, in both meta- and anaphase II, 32 chromosomes were comparatively well distributed to both poles. From the distribution of pollen size it can be deduced the mitotic process of the pollen mother cell. The pollen of '4x-Mitsuru' was 1.2 times bigger than that of the control '2x-Mitsuru', the distribution of pollen size was 17.5 μm and 50 μm, respectively, and for the tetraploid the size was uniform. Results concerning to pollen germination rate and fertility, and their relation to storage, and to pollen tube length: freshly harvested pollen germination rate was 7.0%-7.3% and 10.2%-12.1%, respectively for '4x-Mitsuru' and the control: and the germination rate of pollen stored at 5°C for 10 days was 1.4%-1.9% and 7.0%-8.5%, respectively. Therefore, for '4x- Mitsuru', the decrease in pollen germination rate between freshly harvested and cold stored pollen, was 3.5 times the '2x-Mitsuru'. The pollen fertility for both cases had no significant difference. Pollen tube of '4x-Mitsuru' grew poorly, showing no effect of humidity during cultivation, and with few deviation. As conclusion, the pollen of tree result of colchicine treatment ('4x-Mitsuru') can maintain its viability, and its possible application as breeding material has been shown.
    Download PDF (855K)
  • Kazuyoshi Sone, Tatsuya Mochizuki, Makoto Okimura, Yuji Noguchi, Emi K ...
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fruits from 10 groups of strawberry progenies, each, derived from inbreeding and outcrossing between parents having high and low ascorbic acid contents were analyzed for ascorbic acid content and their examined for inheritance patterns. The correlations between ascorbic acid and sugar contents and composition were estimated. Ascorbic acid content was inherited almost quantitatively, but partial dominance was expressed by some outcrossing progenies. Heritability of 10 progenies ranged from 0.712 to 0.903. The frequency of seedlings with higher ascorbic acid content than parental varieties was found in progenies derived from reciprocal crosses between 'Sachinoka' and 'Akasha no mitsuko'; both parents possess high ascorbic acid content. Ascorbic acid content correlated positively with sugar content, especially with that of sucrose. Hence, it may be possible to select breeding materials having high ascorbic acid by selecting those with high sucrose content that contribute to excellent taste. Our data indicate that to estimate heritability of ascorbic acid content from inbreeding and outcrossing of parental strawberry cultivars, fruits from only 30 progenies need to be analyzed.
    Download PDF (852K)
  • Yuka Nakano, Akimasa Nakano, Shin-ichi Watanabe, Kunio Okano, Jiro Tat ...
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 148-155
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of root-zone environment, humid atmosphere and nutrient solution with different oxygen levels on external and internal structures of tomato roots were investigated. Young tomato plants were grown in the wet-sheet culture (WSC), in which all roots were developed in a humid atmosphere, or hydroponically in the deep flow technique (DFT) with or without aeration. Dissolved oxygen in the DFT without aeration (DFT) or with aeration (DFT+Air) were 45-62% and 91-96% saturation, respectively. Growth of tomato plants in the DFT+Air and the WSC were more vigorous than those in the DFT. No differences in the total lengths and surface areas were observed among the three plots. The fractal dimension, describing complexity of fractal architectures, of lateral roots in the WSC was higher than those in the DFT+Air. The number and mean length of first order lateral roots were similar among the three plots, whereas the DFT had a large proportion of shorter laterals. Aerenchyma was observed in the stele in the DFT. The WSC had more root hairs, larger cortical cells, metaxylem, stele, and larger deposits of lignin lamellae at exodermis than had the DFT. These changes in external or internal structure of the roots are interpreted to be adaptive responses to the root environment, e.g., anoxia in the DFT and water deficit in the WSC.
    Download PDF (1317K)
  • Yuka Nakano, Shin-ichi Watanabe, Kunio Okano, Jiro Tatsumi
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 156-161
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Absorption and distribution of 15N by divided tomato root, part immersed in a nutrient solution versus the other part in a humid atmosphere, were composed. When the seedlings had six fully expanded leaves, equal concentrations of K15NO3 solution were administered simultaneously to the nutrient solution or the saturated, humid atmosphere. At the end of 72-hr exposure to 15N, the roots and the rest of the plants were analyzed. On a separate group of plants, the respiration rates of roots in the two root zones were determined. Dry weight, the percent of dry matter and nitrogen content, and nitrogen concentration were significantly higher in roots in the humid atmosphere than those in the nutrient solution. Respiration and 15N absorption rates were faster in roots in the nutrient solution than those in the humid atmosphere. Roots in the humid atmosphere exported less 15N to other parts of the plant than did roots in the solution; the former retained more of 15N that they absorbed and imported more 15N. In the case where the root system is split so that part immersed in the nutrient solution and the rest in the humid atmosphere, roots in the solution absorbed and supplied nitrogen more efficiently than did roots in the humid atmosphere. The large accumulation of dry matter by roots in the humid atmosphere may increase nitrogen absorption, even though the efficiency is low.
    Download PDF (804K)
  • Masanobu Tanaka, Toshiki Nakashima, Kinya Mori
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 162-168
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Raphides (needle-like crystals) or druses (sand-like crystals) of calcium oxalate occur in the idioblast in the hypocotyl and cotyledon of taro at the young seedling stage. These crystals develop in the center of the idioblast. The raphide idioblasts differentiate into defensive or nondefensive types. Those in the defensive type are not tightly compact, but are ejected from the pole of idioblasts to the outside. The nondefensive type and druse idioblasts appear initially and their densities increase, accompanied by growth. The defensive type develops in seedlings 60 days after sowing. The densities of the raphide idioblast are highest in the leaf blade, lowest in the corm, and intermediate in the petiole. In the cross sections of the petiole and corm, the densities of raphide and druse idioblasts are higher in the outer tissue than those of the inner tissue. The densities of both raphide and druse idioblasts are high in the aerenchyma and the parenchyma in different tissues; they are more numerous in young tissues than in old ones.
    Download PDF (1599K)
  • Tatsuya Hayashida, Yasushi Shibato, Takefumi Ogata, Yuji Hamachi
    2003 Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 169-174
    Published: March 15, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The production of vegetables with high nutritional values is increasingly important. Maintaining a high water-soluble Ca content in leafy vegetables needs to be explored because this form of Ca is highly digestible. Therefore, we investigated the changes in Water-, 1 N NaCl-, 2% CH3COOH-, and 5% HCl-soluble Ca in the leaves of two cultivars of turnip (Brassica napus L.) growing in the open field from September to March. In both cultivars the leaf weight per plant was highest in December, whereas the total and Water-soluble Ca contents on a fresh weight basis reached maximum levels in November; they decreased thereafter. In another experiment, potted plants were grown for 22 days, starting from November 19 in growth chambers kept at 7, 17, 27°C with a 12-hr photoperiod (PPFD 248 μmol photon·m-2·s-1). In both cultivars, plant growth rate and total and water-soluble Ca contents were highest when plants were grown at 17°C. From these results, we recommend that turnips should be grown at 17°C and harvested in December to maximize crop yield and their nutritional values.
    Download PDF (736K)
feedback
Top