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Volume 74, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE (ENGLISH)
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Yu-Hong Ye, Noriaki Aoki, Naoyuki Konishi, Narandra Patel2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe time of flower-bud differentiation and development in relation to harvest time was examined in New Zealand and Japan by using 15 blueberry cultivars that belong to 4 types; half-high-, northern highbush-, southern highbush-, and rabbiteye-types. The numbers of flower buds and compactness in young plants were examined in Japan by using 17 cultivars that belong to the above 4 types. The cultivars were divided into 3 groups, depending on the time of flower-bud differentiation; (1) cultivars that differentiate flower buds mainly during the harvest period, i.e., half-high-type, northern highbush-type, and some southern highbush-types, (2) cultivars that start differentiating flower buds about a month after the end of the harvest period, such as some southern highbush-types, and (3) cultivars that differentiate flower buds after the peak of the harvest period, e.g., rabbiteye-types. In group (1), the period from flower differentiation to pistil formation was shorter in early-ripening cultivars than in late-ripening ones. The relationship between the time of flower-bud differentiation and that of harvest was almost similar in the southern and northern hemispheres. In New Zealand, however, anthesis in both ‘O'Neal’ and ‘Reka’ occurred immediately after harvest. Numerous flower buds formed on potted young plants of ‘Bluebelle’ (rabbiteye-type) and ‘Sunshineblue’ (southern highbush-type). ‘Sunshineblue’ and ‘Tophat’ (half-high-type) have a very compact vegetative profile.View full abstractDownload PDF (1203K) -
Naosuke Nii, Chun Xiang Pan, Yoshinori Nakao2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 11-15
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anatomical differentiation of glandular cavities in the vascular bundle in the peach mesocarp was investigated throughout the fruit growing period. The glandular elements first appeared in the parenchyma cells of xylem tissues adjacent to the cambium by a schizogenous process. The limits of the glandular cavity were established by May 16 (36 days after full bloom, AFB); the general structure was completed on May 23, which was about one week before the beginning of sugar accumulation in the mesocarp. In cross-sections of a vascular bundle, the cavity appears as a large circle, whereas in the long sections, it appears to be similar to a smoker's pipe. The structure is present in every vascular bundle of the peach flesh. Consequently, they form a network with other vascular bundles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1610K) -
Manabu Hagimori, Naoki Watanabe, Hideaki Saito, Mamiko Yui, Norio Kato ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 16-22
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a variety of tomato with high L-ascorbic acid (AsA) content by clonal selection. Initially, 432 breeding materials of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), were evaluated for the following parameters, fruit ascorbic acid (AsA) content, total soluble solids (TSS) content of fruit homogenate, and fruit weight. Their AsA contents ranged from 28 to 639 mg · kg−1; the average was 247 mg · kg−1. Although no clear correlation between fruit AsA content and average fruit weight existed, many varieties with extremely high AsA content bore small fruit weighing less than 10 g. However, several varieties weighing 30-60 g had AsA content higher than 500 mg · kg−1. Moderate positive correlation was observed between AsA content and TSS content, suggesting a probability of developing tomato varieties with high AsA content and TSS. From these breeding materials, 22 and 53, maternal and paternal parents, respectively, were hybridized, resulting in 698 cross combinations. Among their progenies, 10 or 20 individuals from each cross combination were cultured and evaluated for the above characteristics. The average AsA content ranged from 132 to 388 mg · kg−1. Twenty-four outstanding individuals including VT8 that was finally released as a new variety, were selected and multiplied vegetatively and the clones were evaluated under three cropping types: normal, retarding and forcing culture in several farms in Japan using the ‘House Momotaro’ and ‘Momotaro-York’ two common varieties, as the controls. Although AsA content of VT8 fluctuated from 220 to 365 mg · kg−1, it consistently exceeded that of the control by 50-100%. TSS content of VT8 varied between 5.2 and 7.2%, in contrast to 4.5 to 6.7% of the control. Average fruit weight of VT8 varied with the cropping type from 57.6 to 72.8 g. Yields of VT8 in retarding culture at three different farms were similar to or slightly higher than those of the control varieties. Thus, VT8 was developed as a variety within three years from evaluation of breeding materials to completion of a year-round trial.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Masaki Nagasawa, Hitoshi Mori, Katsuhiro Shiratake, Shohei Yamaki2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 23-30
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFertilization is an important event leading to fruit set. Tips of pollen tubes reached the ovules at the base of the ovary within 24 hr after pollination. Therefore, cDNAs for genes preferentially expressed after/during fertilization were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization between cDNAs from pollinated and unpollinated fruits. Using cDNA macroarrays, 384 cDNA clones of the subtracted cDNA library were differentially screened by the probes of the cDNAs from pollinated or unpollinated fruit 1 day after anthesis. By Northern blot analyses, mRNAs, corresponding to 14 cDNA clones, were more concentrated in pollinated fruit than in the unpollinated ones. The deduced amino acid sequence of genes corresponding to these cDNA clones showed a similarity with ascorbate oxidase, hydroxymethyltransferase, phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase, short chain alcohol dehydrogenase, histone H2A, auxin binding protein, 14-3-3 protein, extensin-like protein, nucleoid DNA-binding-like protein, type IIIa membrane protein (reversibly glycosylated polypeptide), and hypothetical proteins. In melon, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) induced parthenocarpy without pollination, whereas 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) was less effective on producing parthenocarpic fruit. mRNAs corresponding to 14 cDNA clones were expressed in both pollinated and CPPU-treated fruit. Expressions of mRNAs corresponding to all cDNA clones in pollinated and CPPU-treated fruit were higher than those in 4-CPA-treated fruit. These mRNAs were barely detectable in the later stages of fruit development and were expressed preferentially in fruit except for 6E04 and 6H01. Especially, expression patterns of 8A07 (nucleoid DNA-binding-like protein) and 8D10 (short chain alcohol dehydrogenase) lead us to speculate that they play important roles in fruit set because they are expressed at a higher level in the early stages of both pollinated and CPPU-treated fruit than that of 4-CPA-treated fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1301K) -
Naoki Sakurai, Shin-ichiro Iwatani, Shoji Terasaki, Ryoichi Yamamoto2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe texture of three cucumber cultivars was evaluated by an acoustic measurement of crispness (AMC). Piezoelectric film was sandwiched between a conical probe and a piston of a glass syringe. The probe was inserted into a cucumber at 35 mm/min by the delivery of water into a syringe and the acoustical vibration of the probe was directly detected by the piezoelectric film up to 10000 Hz. The vibration signals were transformed to spectrum data by fast Fourier transform. Difference in spectrum of different points and parts of three cucumber cultivars were found especially in the frequency range between 1 to 6 kHz. A new index to evaluate the texture was calculated by using intensities of each spectrum to emphasize the intensity of high frequency spectra (“Sharpness index”). Quantification of the crispy texture of an agricultural product by the new “Sharpness index” was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
Yuichi Yoshida, Hirotoshi Tamura2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 36-41
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapanese and European strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were analyzed for their differences in their concentration and composition of anthocyanins. Within a fruit, the concentration of total anthocyanins is higher in epidermal tissues than in inner cortex or pith for all cultivars, but among cultivars, differences in the concentration were greater in the inner flesh compared to the epidermal tissues. The pigment in inner flesh was significantly less concentrated in the newly released Japanese cultivars than in the European cultivars, ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Darselect’, or the old Japanese cultivar ‘Hokowase’. Pelargonidin 3-glucoside was the predominant pigment except for achenes. In achenes, the compositions of cyanidin derivatives and malonylated anthocyanins were extremely high compared to the other tissues. Considerable amounts of cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside, which has not been reported previously and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside occurred in achenes of all cultivars. The epidermal tissues of ‘Toyonoka’, ‘Sachinoka’ and ‘Ai-Berry’ contained only a trace level of malonylated anthocyanins; the achenes also had low concentration of the pigments compared to other cultivars. With these results, the functions and expression of Amg, the single dominant gene that supposedly controls the synthesis of malonylated anthocyanins in the strawberry receptacle, are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Masayuki Oda, Keiji Kitada, Tomomi Ozawa, Hideo Ikeda2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 42-46
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInitiation and developmental responses of the flower truss in ‘Momotaro’ tomato plants exposed to low night temperature ranging from 7.5°C to 25.0°C for 20 days from germination were investigated in growth chambers, and then the effects were evaluated by raising plug seedlings at a cool highland. Between 12.5°C and 22.5°C, the cooler treatment reduced the number of leaves under the first truss (NL1) from 10.1 to 7.1. The days from germination to anthesis of the first truss (DA1) was shortest at 17.5°C. Night temperatures had little effect on the number of flowers in the first truss. Raising seedlings at a cool highland made the growth of tomato plants compact, i.e., short internode without significant effect on the total number of leaves. When plants raised at the highland were transplanted at a lower elevation, the NL1 decreased by 2.6 leaves, stem length under the first truss was shortened by 15 cm, and DA1 was reduced by 5.4 days as compared to ones sown and raised in the lowland.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Takashi Kubo, Genjiro Mori, Masayuki Oda2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 47-50
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of temperature, photoperiod, sucrose concentration, and plant growth regulators on the formation and development of microtubers in cultured Zantedeschia plantlets were studied. Photoperiod and temperature did not directly affect the formation or development of microtubers. The development of microtubers was enhanced on 1/2 MS medium, containing 90 g · liter−1 sucrose. It was also enhanced on 1/2 MS medium, containing 16 or 32 g · liter−1 mannitol with 30 g · liter−1 sucrose (equal in osmotic pressure to media containing 60 and 90 g · liter−1 sucrose, respectively), which indicate that the growth of microtubers at high osmotic pressure might be enhanced by the addition of a high concentration of sucrose. The addition of 3.4 × 10−3 μM paclobutrazol to the medium enhanced the development of microtubers, whrereas the addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) inhibited the process.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Koichi Kita, Yuji Kurashige, Tomohisa Yukawa, Shigeo Nishimura, Takash ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, DNA sequence analyses of the plastid (pt) matK gene and the nuclear (nr) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed that the genus Menziesia is nested in the genus Rhododendron. It means that Menziesia has a potential to make new hybrids with Rhododendron species. Thus, to obtain intergeneric hybrids, M. multiflora was cross-pollinated with 7 Rhododendron species: R. kaempferi, R. kiusianum, R. tashiroi, R. wadanum, R. pentaphyllum, R. quinquefolium, and R. ovatum. These Rhododendron species were placed in the same clade of Menziesia by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Hybrid seedlings were obtained from reciprocal crosses between M. multiflora and R. kiusianum and between M. multiflora, as a maternal parent, and R. tashiroi and R. kaempferi. The frequency of vigorous green progenies was about 10%; most progenies were pale-green or albino. The hybridity of the seedlings was verified by PCR-RFLP analysis of nr ITS region, thereby demonstrates that members of the genus Menziesia can be useful in the breeding program of Rhododendron.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K)
SHORT COMMUNICATION (ENGLISH)
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Toshiki Mori, Hatsuyoshi Kitamura, Katsutoshi Kuroda2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 57-59
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrawberry cultivars, inoculated with Fusarium wilt pathogen, were grown in water culture and the disease severity indexed (DSI) two months later. Of the 26 cultivars tested, ‘Aisutoro’, ‘Asuka Wave’, and ‘Hogyoku’ displayed extremely high resistance with DSI = 0, while the other 23 were susceptible ranging in DSI from 0.9 to 2.4. The DSI values of the F1 hybrid seedlings between the resistant ‘Asuka Wave’ and susceptible ‘Sanchiigo’ segregated in a manner characteristic of a major gene-mediated trait. Thus, we conclude that both qualitative and quantitative genes are involved in Fusarium wilt disease resistance of strawberry cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K) -
Sakae Suzuki, Masaru Nakano, Yosuke Koike, Kenji Ueda, Masayasu Inoue, ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 60-62
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryogenic calli of Muscari armeniacum cv. Blue Pearl were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101/pBH, which harbored a binary vector that carries the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) genes. The calli were then transferred onto the selection media containing either 4 mg · liter−1 bialaphos or 75 mg · liter−1 hygromycin. Four to five weeks after transfer to the selection media, both bialaphos-resistant (Biar) and hygromycin-resistance (Hygr) cell clusters were produced. Over 90% of callus lines selected on a bialaphos-containing medium were verified to be transgenic by PCR analysis; this selection efficiency is comparable to that based on the hpt gene. Leaf segments of plantlets regenerated from the transgenic Biar callus lines showed resistance to 4 mg · liter−1 of bialaphos, indicating that the bar gene is useful not only as a selectable marker but also as a producer of herbicide-resistant transgenic plants of M. armeniacum.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE (JAPANESE)
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Takao Kurahashi, Toshikazu Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Itamura2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 63-67
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and an ethylene absorbent (active carbon containing palladium chloride) treatment on fruit softening and shelf life after removal of astringency by dry ice (CO2) in Japanese persimmon ‘Saijo’ (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) harvested at various stages, were investigated. At the end of the dry ice treatment, 78.1% of the control (non-treated) fruit harvested at the early stage (October 1) softened, whereas no control fruit harvested at the middle stage of the harvesting season (between October 22 and 29) softened, 50.0% of the control fruit harvested on November 11 softened. The ethylene concentration in the polyethylene bag 48 hours after start of dry ice treatment was highest in fruit harvested at the early stage. It decreased gradually in fruits harvested at a more mature stage. Both 1-MCP and ethylene absorbent treatments significantly decreased the fruit softening rate after the removal of astringency in fruit harvested at the early stage. However, there was little inhibitory effect of 1-MCP and ethylene absorbent on the softening of fruit harvested at the late stage. In fruit harvested at the middle stage, 1-MCP treatment prolonged the shelf life of fruit by about 6 days, compared to the non-treated control fruits, the ethylene absorbent treatment was ineffective in prolonging shelf life.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
Takayoshi Ohara, Tadayuki Wako, Tsukasa Nunome, Akio Kojima2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 68-77
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeterosis for seedling growth in bunching onions (Allium fistulosum L.) were evaluated using 11 cultivars belonging to Senju, Kaga, Kujo and Okunegi groups and 40 of their intervarietal F1 progenies. For fresh weight of seedlings at four weeks after transplanting, heterosis over the mid-parent (the mean of the parents) ranged from −3 to 70% with an average of 21%, whereas heterosis over the better parent ranged from −10 to 46% with an average of 10%. High heterosis among F1 hybrids occurred most frequently in the inter-group crosses of Senju × Kujo, whereas high heterosis for practical use was also exhibited by some F1 hybrids of intra-group crosses within the Senju group. Although significant heterosis for root number, plant height and relative growth rate (RGR-fw) occurred, the degrees of response were less than that for fresh weight. The 11 parental cultivars were assayed for DNA polymorphism by using 128 AFLPs to estimate genetic distances (GDs). Cluster analysis of the parents, based on GDs, accorded with the traditional classification, based on morphological and ecological characteristics. The GDs based on AFLPs correlated significantly with heterosis over the mid-parent for each seedling trait at four weeks after transplanting, but the GDs were not correlated with heterosis over the better parent. Consequently, these correlations are not applicable for predicting heterosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (893K) -
Jishuang Yang, Motonobu Endo, Ikuko Inada2005 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 78-86
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the possibility of producing haploid plants of chrysanthemums, anthers and microspores of six cultivars were cultured. In anther culture, callus formation was highest in anthers when sampled at the uninucleate stage. The rate of callus formation among cultivars differed little, but equally good results were obtained with the modified MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.1-0.5 mg · liter−1 and BAP 0.5-1.0 mg · liter−1, or 2,4-D 0.5 mg · liter−1 and BAP 2.0 mg · liter−1. Adventitious bud formation from calli in these media differed considerably among cultivars. We did not recognize any distinct effects of light condition and cold pretreatment on callus formation in anther culture, although starvation and high temperature pretreatments restricted callus and adventitious bud formation. Shoots elongated from adventitious buds that were initiated in the modified MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg · liter−1 and BAP 0.5 mg · liter−1 (‘Aomori-kii’, ‘Shuho-no-chikara’), starvation pretreatment (‘Mibu-wase’) and continuous treatment of cold pretreatment and high temperature pre-culture (‘Aomori-kii’). Histological observation of anthers under culture conditions showed that, microspores with two nuclei appeared after 3 to 5 days of culture, thereafter, connective tissue between the thecae developed callus, whereas microspores degenerated after 10 days of culture. The chromosome numbers of 76 regenerants, 2n = 54, were similar to the original plants. Isozyme analyses of the regenerants revealed zymograms exhibiting banding patterns identical to the original plants. In an isolated microspore culture, the results showed no morphological change or nuclear division of microspores.View full abstractDownload PDF (1264K)
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